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diff --git a/test/e_select.test b/test/e_select.test new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e0f5f0f --- /dev/null +++ b/test/e_select.test @@ -0,0 +1,2162 @@ +# 2010 July 16 +# +# The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of +# a legal notice, here is a blessing: +# +# May you do good and not evil. +# May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others. +# May you share freely, never taking more than you give. +# +#*********************************************************************** +# +# This file implements tests to verify that the "testable statements" in +# the lang_select.html document are correct. +# + +set testdir [file dirname $argv0] +source $testdir/tester.tcl + +do_execsql_test e_select-1.0 { + CREATE TABLE t1(a, b); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('a', 'one'); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('b', 'two'); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('c', 'three'); + + CREATE TABLE t2(a, b); + INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('a', 'I'); + INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('b', 'II'); + INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('c', 'III'); + + CREATE TABLE t3(a, c); + INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('a', 1); + INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('b', 2); + + CREATE TABLE t4(a, c); + INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('a', NULL); + INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('b', 2); +} {} +set t1_cross_t2 [list \ + a one a I a one b II \ + a one c III b two a I \ + b two b II b two c III \ + c three a I c three b II \ + c three c III \ +] +set t1_cross_t1 [list \ + a one a one a one b two \ + a one c three b two a one \ + b two b two b two c three \ + c three a one c three b two \ + c three c three \ +] + + +# This proc is a specialized version of [do_execsql_test]. +# +# The second argument to this proc must be a SELECT statement that +# features a cross join of some time. Instead of the usual ",", +# "CROSS JOIN" or "INNER JOIN" join-op, the string %JOIN% must be +# substituted. +# +# This test runs the SELECT three times - once with: +# +# * s/%JOIN%/,/ +# * s/%JOIN%/JOIN/ +# * s/%JOIN%/INNER JOIN/ +# * s/%JOIN%/CROSS JOIN/ +# +# and checks that each time the results of the SELECT are $res. +# +proc do_join_test {tn select res} { + foreach {tn2 joinop} [list 1 , 2 "CROSS JOIN" 3 "INNER JOIN"] { + set S [string map [list %JOIN% $joinop] $select] + uplevel do_execsql_test $tn.$tn2 [list $S] [list $res] + } +} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# The following tests check that all paths on the syntax diagrams on +# the lang_select.html page may be taken. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-18428-22111 -- syntax diagram join-constraint +# +do_join_test e_select-0.1.1 { + SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a) +} {3} +do_join_test e_select-0.1.2 { + SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 USING (a) +} {3} +do_join_test e_select-0.1.3 { + SELECT count(*) FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 +} {9} +do_catchsql_test e_select-0.1.4 { + SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a) USING (a) +} {1 {cannot have both ON and USING clauses in the same join}} +do_catchsql_test e_select-0.1.5 { + SELECT count(*) FROM t1, t2 USING (a) ON (t1.a=t2.a) +} {1 {near "ON": syntax error}} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44854-11739 -- syntax diagram select-core +# +# 0: SELECT ... +# 1: SELECT DISTINCT ... +# 2: SELECT ALL ... +# +# 0: No FROM clause +# 1: Has FROM clause +# +# 0: No WHERE clause +# 1: Has WHERE clause +# +# 0: No GROUP BY clause +# 1: Has GROUP BY clause +# 2: Has GROUP BY and HAVING clauses +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.2 { + 0000.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3} + 1000.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3} + 2000.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 " {1 2 3} + + 0100.1 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 " { + a one aone b two btwo c three cthree + } + 1100.1 "SELECT DISTINCT a, b, a||b FROM t1 " { + a one aone b two btwo c three cthree + } + 1200.1 "SELECT ALL a, b, a||b FROM t1 " { + a one aone b two btwo c three cthree + } + + 0010.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3} + 0010.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 " {} + 0010.3 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE NULL " {} + + 1010.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3} + + 2010.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 " {1 2 3} + + 0110.1 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a!='x' " { + a one aone b two btwo c three cthree + } + 0110.2 "SELECT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a=='x'" {} + + 1110.1 "SELECT DISTINCT a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a!='x' " { + a one aone b two btwo c three cthree + } + + 2110.0 "SELECT ALL a, b, a||b FROM t1 WHERE a=='x'" {} + + 0001.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3} + 0002.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3} + 0002.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 1001.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3} + 1002.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3} + 1002.2 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 2001.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3} + 2002.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {1 2 3} + 2002.2 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 0101.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b} + 0102.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" { + 1 a 1 c 1 b + } + 0102.2 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { } + + 1101.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b} + 1102.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" { + 1 a 1 c 1 b + } + 1102.2 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { + } + + 2101.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 GROUP BY b" {1 a 1 c 1 b} + 2102.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" { + 1 a 1 c 1 b + } + 2102.2 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { + } + + 0011.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3} + 0012.1 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {} + 0012.2 "SELECT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 1011.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2" {} + 1012.1 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" + {1 2 3} + 1012.2 "SELECT DISTINCT 1, 2, 3 WHERE NULL GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 2011.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 1 GROUP BY 2" {1 2 3} + 2012.1 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 0 GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)=1" {} + 2012.2 "SELECT ALL 1, 2, 3 WHERE 'abc' GROUP BY 2 HAVING count(*)>1" {} + + 0111.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a='a' GROUP BY b" {1 a} + 0112.1 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + WHERE a='c' GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" {1 c} + 0112.2 "SELECT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + WHERE 0 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { } + 1111.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a<'c' GROUP BY b" + {1 a 1 b} + 1112.1 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a>'a' + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" { + 1 c 1 b + } + 1112.2 "SELECT DISTINCT count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE 0 + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { + } + + 2111.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE b>'one' GROUP BY b" + {1 c 1 b} + 2112.1 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 WHERE a!='b' + GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=1" { + 1 a 1 c + } + 2112.2 "SELECT ALL count(*), max(a) FROM t1 + WHERE 0 GROUP BY b HAVING count(*)=2" { } +} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23316-20169 -- syntax diagram result-column +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.3 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM t1" {a one b two c three} + 2 "SELECT t1.* FROM t1" {a one b two c three} + 3 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx} + 4 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' alias FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx} + 5 "SELECT 'x'||a||'x' AS alias FROM t1" {xax xbx xcx} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-41233-21397 -- syntax diagram join-source +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-45040-11121 -- syntax diagram join-op +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.4 { + 1 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1" {1 2 3} + 2 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1,t2" {1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3} + 3 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1,t2,t3" {1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3} + + 4 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1" {1 2 3} + 5 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t2" {1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3} + 6 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t2 JOIN t3" + {1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3} + + 7 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL JOIN t3" {1 2} + 8 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT OUTER JOIN t3" {1 2 3} + 9 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t3" {1 2 3} + 10 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL INNER JOIN t3" {1 2} + 11 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 NATURAL CROSS JOIN t3" {1 2} + + 12 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3} + 13 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3} + 14 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 LEFT JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3} + 15 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 INNER JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3} + 16 "SELECT t1.rowid FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t3" {1 1 2 2 3 3} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-56911-63533 -- syntax diagram compound-operator +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.5 { + 1 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2 3 3 4} + 2 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 UNION SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2 3 4} + 3 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {3} + 4 "SELECT rowid FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT rowid+2 FROM t4" {1 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-60388-27458 -- syntax diagram ordering-term +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.6 { + 1 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY b||a" {onea threec twob} + 2 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) COLLATE nocase" {onea threec twob} + 3 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) ASC" {onea threec twob} + 4 "SELECT b||a FROM t1 ORDER BY (b||a) DESC" {twob threec onea} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-36494-33519 -- syntax diagram select-stmt +# +do_select_tests e_select-0.7 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM t1" {a one b two c three} + 2 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b" {a one c three b two} + 3 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a" {a one c three b two} + + 4 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10" {a one b two c three} + 5 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" {} + 6 "SELECT * FROM t1 LIMIT 10, 5" {} + + 7 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10" {a one b two c three} + 8 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" {} + 9 "SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b LIMIT 10, 5" {} + + 10 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1" + {a one b two c three one a three c two b} + 11 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b" + {one a two b three c a one c three b two} + 12 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b, a" + {one a two b three c a one c three b two} + 13 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10" + {a one b two c three one a three c two b} + 14 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + {two b} + 15 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 LIMIT 10, 5" + {} + 16 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10" + {a one b two c three one a three c two b} + 17 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY b LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + {b two} + 18 "SELECT * FROM t1 UNION SELECT b, a FROM t1 ORDER BY a,b LIMIT 10, 5" + {} +} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# The following tests focus on FROM clause (join) processing. +# + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-16074-54196 If the FROM clause is omitted from a simple +# SELECT statement, then the input data is implicitly a single row zero +# columns wide +# +do_select_tests e_select-1.1 { + 1 "SELECT 'abc'" {abc} + 2 "SELECT 'abc' WHERE NULL" {} + 3 "SELECT NULL" {{}} + 4 "SELECT count(*)" {1} + 5 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 0" {0} + 6 "SELECT count(*) WHERE 1" {1} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-48114-33255 If there is only a single table in the +# join-source following the FROM clause, then the input data used by the +# SELECT statement is the contents of the named table. +# +# The results of the SELECT queries suggest that they are operating on the +# contents of the table 'xx'. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.2.0 { + CREATE TABLE xx(x, y); + INSERT INTO xx VALUES('IiJlsIPepMuAhU', X'10B00B897A15BAA02E3F98DCE8F2'); + INSERT INTO xx VALUES(NULL, -16.87); + INSERT INTO xx VALUES(-17.89, 'linguistically'); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-1.2 { + 1 "SELECT quote(x), quote(y) FROM xx" { + 'IiJlsIPepMuAhU' X'10B00B897A15BAA02E3F98DCE8F2' + NULL -16.87 + -17.89 'linguistically' + } + + 2 "SELECT count(*), count(x), count(y) FROM xx" {3 2 3} + 3 "SELECT sum(x), sum(y) FROM xx" {-17.89 -16.87} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23593-12456 If there is more than one table specified +# as part of the join-source following the FROM keyword, then the +# contents of each named table are joined into a single dataset for the +# simple SELECT statement to operate on. +# +# There are more detailed tests for subsequent requirements that add +# more detail to this idea. We just add a single test that shows that +# data is coming from each of the three tables following the FROM clause +# here to show that the statement, vague as it is, is not incorrect. +# +do_select_tests e_select-1.3 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3" { + a one a I a 1 a one a I b 2 a one b II a 1 + a one b II b 2 a one c III a 1 a one c III b 2 + b two a I a 1 b two a I b 2 b two b II a 1 + b two b II b 2 b two c III a 1 b two c III b 2 + c three a I a 1 c three a I b 2 c three b II a 1 + c three b II b 2 c three c III a 1 c three c III b 2 + } +} + +# +# The following block of tests - e_select-1.4.* - test that the description +# of cartesian joins in the SELECT documentation is consistent with SQLite. +# In doing so, we test the following three requirements as a side-effect: +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46122-14930 If the join-op is "CROSS JOIN", "INNER +# JOIN", "JOIN" or a comma (",") and there is no ON or USING clause, +# then the result of the join is simply the cartesian product of the +# left and right-hand datasets. +# +# The tests are built on this assertion. Really, they test that the output +# of a CROSS JOIN, JOIN, INNER JOIN or "," join matches the expected result +# of calculating the cartesian product of the left and right-hand datasets. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46256-57243 There is no difference between the "INNER +# JOIN", "JOIN" and "," join operators. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-07544-24155 The "CROSS JOIN" join operator produces the +# same data as the "INNER JOIN", "JOIN" and "," operators +# +# All tests are run 4 times, with the only difference in each run being +# which of the 4 equivalent cartesian product join operators are used. +# Since the output data is the same in all cases, we consider that this +# qualifies as testing the two statements above. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.0 { + CREATE TABLE x1(a, b); + CREATE TABLE x2(c, d, e); + CREATE TABLE x3(f, g, h, i); + + -- x1: 3 rows, 2 columns + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(24, 'converging'); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(NULL, X'CB71'); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES('blonds', 'proprietary'); + + -- x2: 2 rows, 3 columns + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(-60.06, NULL, NULL); + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(-58, NULL, 1.21); + + -- x3: 5 rows, 4 columns + INSERT INTO x3 VALUES(-39.24, NULL, 'encompass', -1); + INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('presenting', 51, 'reformation', 'dignified'); + INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('conducting', -87.24, 37.56, NULL); + INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('coldest', -96, 'dramatists', 82.3); + INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('alerting', NULL, -93.79, NULL); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-59089-25828 The columns of the cartesian product +# dataset are, in order, all the columns of the left-hand dataset +# followed by all the columns of the right-hand dataset. +# +do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.1 { + SELECT * FROM x1 %JOIN% x2 LIMIT 1 +} [concat {24 converging} {-60.06 {} {}}] + +do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.2 { + SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x1 LIMIT 1 +} [concat {-60.06 {} {}} {24 converging}] + +do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.3 { + SELECT * FROM x3 %JOIN% x2 LIMIT 1 +} [concat {-39.24 {} encompass -1} {-60.06 {} {}}] + +do_join_test e_select-1.4.1.4 { + SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x3 LIMIT 1 +} [concat {-60.06 {} {}} {-39.24 {} encompass -1}] + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44414-54710 There is a row in the cartesian product +# dataset formed by combining each unique combination of a row from the +# left-hand and right-hand datasets. +# +do_join_test e_select-1.4.2.1 { + SELECT * FROM x2 %JOIN% x3 +} [list -60.06 {} {} -39.24 {} encompass -1 \ + -60.06 {} {} presenting 51 reformation dignified \ + -60.06 {} {} conducting -87.24 37.56 {} \ + -60.06 {} {} coldest -96 dramatists 82.3 \ + -60.06 {} {} alerting {} -93.79 {} \ + -58 {} 1.21 -39.24 {} encompass -1 \ + -58 {} 1.21 presenting 51 reformation dignified \ + -58 {} 1.21 conducting -87.24 37.56 {} \ + -58 {} 1.21 coldest -96 dramatists 82.3 \ + -58 {} 1.21 alerting {} -93.79 {} \ +] +# TODO: Come back and add a few more like the above. + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-20659-43267 In other words, if the left-hand dataset +# consists of Nlhs rows of Mlhs columns, and the right-hand dataset of +# Nrhs rows of Mrhs columns, then the cartesian product is a dataset of +# Nlhs.Nrhs rows, each containing Mlhs+Mrhs columns. +# +# x1, x2 (Nlhs=3, Nrhs=2) (Mlhs=2, Mrhs=3) +do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.1 { + SELECT count(*) FROM x1 %JOIN% x2 +} [expr 3*2] +do_test e_select-1.4.3.2 { + expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x1, x2}]] / 6} +} [expr 2+3] + +# x2, x3 (Nlhs=2, Nrhs=5) (Mlhs=3, Mrhs=4) +do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.3 { + SELECT count(*) FROM x2 %JOIN% x3 +} [expr 2*5] +do_test e_select-1.4.3.4 { + expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x2 JOIN x3}]] / 10} +} [expr 3+4] + +# x3, x1 (Nlhs=5, Nrhs=3) (Mlhs=4, Mrhs=2) +do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.5 { + SELECT count(*) FROM x3 %JOIN% x1 +} [expr 5*3] +do_test e_select-1.4.3.6 { + expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x3 CROSS JOIN x1}]] / 15} +} [expr 4+2] + +# x3, x3 (Nlhs=5, Nrhs=5) (Mlhs=4, Mrhs=4) +do_join_test e_select-1.4.3.7 { + SELECT count(*) FROM x3 %JOIN% x3 +} [expr 5*5] +do_test e_select-1.4.3.8 { + expr {[llength [execsql {SELECT * FROM x3 INNER JOIN x3 AS x4}]] / 25} +} [expr 4+4] + +# Some extra cartesian product tests using tables t1 and t2. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.4.1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t2 } $t1_cross_t2 +do_execsql_test e_select-1.4.4.2 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS x, t1 AS y} $t1_cross_t1 + +do_select_tests e_select-1.4.5 [list \ + 1 { SELECT * FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t2 } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 2 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y CROSS JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1 \ + 3 { SELECT * FROM t1 INNER JOIN t2 } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 4 { SELECT * FROM t1 AS y INNER JOIN t1 AS x } $t1_cross_t1 \ +] + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-22775-56496 If there is an ON clause specified, then +# the ON expression is evaluated for each row of the cartesian product +# as a boolean expression. All rows for which the expression evaluates +# to false are excluded from the dataset. +# +foreach {tn select res} [list \ + 1 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (1) } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 2 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0) } [list] \ + 3 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (NULL) } [list] \ + 4 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('abc') } [list] \ + 5 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('1ab') } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 6 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0.9) } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 7 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON ('0.9') } $t1_cross_t2 \ + 8 { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (0.0) } [list] \ + \ + 9 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a = t2.a) } \ + {one I two II three III} \ + 10 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a = 'a') } \ + {one I one II one III} \ + 11 { SELECT t1.b, t2.b + FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (CASE WHEN t1.a = 'a' THEN NULL ELSE 1 END) } \ + {two I two II two III three I three II three III} \ +] { + do_join_test e_select-1.3.$tn $select $res +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-63358-54862 If there is a USING clause specified as +# part of the join-constraint, then each of the column names specified +# must exist in the datasets to both the left and right of the join-op. +# +do_select_tests e_select-1.4 -error { + cannot join using column %s - column not present in both tables +} { + 1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (b) } "b" + 2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t1 USING (c) } "c" + 3 { SELECT * FROM t3, (SELECT a AS b, b AS c FROM t1) USING (a) } "a" +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-55987-04584 For each pair of namesake columns, the +# expression "lhs.X = rhs.X" is evaluated for each row of the cartesian +# product as a boolean expression. All rows for which one or more of the +# expressions evaluates to false are excluded from the result set. +# +do_select_tests e_select-1.5 { + 1 { SELECT * FROM t1, t3 USING (a) } {a one 1 b two 2} + 2 { SELECT * FROM t3, t4 USING (a,c) } {b 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-54046-48600 When comparing values as a result of a +# USING clause, the normal rules for handling affinities, collation +# sequences and NULL values in comparisons apply. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-35466-18578 The column from the dataset on the +# left-hand side of the join operator is considered to be on the +# left-hand side of the comparison operator (=) for the purposes of +# collation sequence and affinity precedence. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.6.0 { + CREATE TABLE t5(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary); + INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('AA', 'cc'); + INSERT INTO t5 VALUES('BB', 'dd'); + INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(NULL, NULL); + CREATE TABLE t6(a COLLATE binary, b COLLATE nocase); + INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('aa', 'cc'); + INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('bb', 'DD'); + INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(NULL, NULL); +} {} +foreach {tn select res} { + 1 { SELECT * FROM t5 %JOIN% t6 USING (a) } {AA cc cc BB dd DD} + 2 { SELECT * FROM t6 %JOIN% t5 USING (a) } {} + 3 { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) %JOIN% t5 USING (a) } + {aa cc cc bb DD dd} + 4 { SELECT * FROM t5 %JOIN% t6 USING (a,b) } {AA cc} + 5 { SELECT * FROM t6 %JOIN% t5 USING (a,b) } {} +} { + do_join_test e_select-1.6.$tn $select $res +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-57047-10461 For each pair of columns identified by a +# USING clause, the column from the right-hand dataset is omitted from +# the joined dataset. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-56132-15700 This is the only difference between a USING +# clause and its equivalent ON constraint. +# +foreach {tn select res} { + 1a { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 USING (a) } + {a one I b two II c three III} + 1b { SELECT * FROM t1 %JOIN% t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a) } + {a one a I b two b II c three c III} + + 2a { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 USING (a) } + {a 1 {} b 2 2} + 2b { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 ON (t3.a=t4.a) } + {a 1 a {} b 2 b 2} + + 3a { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 USING (a,c) } {b 2} + 3b { SELECT * FROM t3 %JOIN% t4 ON (t3.a=t4.a AND t3.c=t4.c) } {b 2 b 2} + + 4a { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) AS x + %JOIN% t5 USING (a) } + {aa cc cc bb DD dd} + 4b { SELECT * FROM (SELECT a COLLATE nocase, b FROM t6) AS x + %JOIN% t5 ON (x.a=t5.a) } + {aa cc AA cc bb DD BB dd} +} { + do_join_test e_select-1.7.$tn $select $res +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-41434-12448 If the join-op is a "LEFT JOIN" or "LEFT +# OUTER JOIN", then after the ON or USING filtering clauses have been +# applied, an extra row is added to the output for each row in the +# original left-hand input dataset that corresponds to no rows at all in +# the composite dataset (if any). +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.8.0 { + CREATE TABLE t7(a, b, c); + CREATE TABLE t8(a, d, e); + + INSERT INTO t7 VALUES('x', 'ex', 24); + INSERT INTO t7 VALUES('y', 'why', 25); + + INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('x', 'abc', 24); + INSERT INTO t8 VALUES('z', 'ghi', 26); +} {} + +do_select_tests e_select-1.8 { + 1a "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {1} + 1b "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {2} + 2a "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {1} + 2b "SELECT count(*) FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {2} +} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-15607-52988 The added rows contain NULL values in the +# columns that would normally contain values copied from the right-hand +# input dataset. +# +do_select_tests e_select-1.9 { + 1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" {x ex 24 x abc 24} + 1b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 ON (t7.a=t8.a)" + {x ex 24 x abc 24 y why 25 {} {} {}} + 2a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24} + 2b "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-01809-52134 If the NATURAL keyword is added to any of +# the join-ops, then an implicit USING clause is added to the +# join-constraints. The implicit USING clause contains each of the +# column names that appear in both the left and right-hand input +# datasets. +# +do_select_tests e_select-1-10 { + 1a "SELECT * FROM t7 JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24} + 1b "SELECT * FROM t7 NATURAL JOIN t8" {x ex 24 abc 24} + + 2a "SELECT * FROM t8 JOIN t7 USING (a)" {x abc 24 ex 24} + 2b "SELECT * FROM t8 NATURAL JOIN t7" {x abc 24 ex 24} + + 3a "SELECT * FROM t7 LEFT JOIN t8 USING (a)" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}} + 3b "SELECT * FROM t7 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t8" {x ex 24 abc 24 y why 25 {} {}} + + 4a "SELECT * FROM t8 LEFT JOIN t7 USING (a)" {x abc 24 ex 24 z ghi 26 {} {}} + 4b "SELECT * FROM t8 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t7" {x abc 24 ex 24 z ghi 26 {} {}} + + 5a "SELECT * FROM t3 JOIN t4 USING (a,c)" {b 2} + 5b "SELECT * FROM t3 NATURAL JOIN t4" {b 2} + + 6a "SELECT * FROM t3 LEFT JOIN t4 USING (a,c)" {a 1 b 2} + 6b "SELECT * FROM t3 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t4" {a 1 b 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-49566-01570 If the left and right-hand input datasets +# feature no common column names, then the NATURAL keyword has no effect +# on the results of the join. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-1.11.0 { + CREATE TABLE t10(x, y); + INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(1, 'true'); + INSERT INTO t10 VALUES(0, 'false'); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-1-11 { + 1a "SELECT a, x FROM t1 CROSS JOIN t10" {a 1 a 0 b 1 b 0 c 1 c 0} + 1b "SELECT a, x FROM t1 NATURAL CROSS JOIN t10" {a 1 a 0 b 1 b 0 c 1 c 0} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-39625-59133 A USING or ON clause may not be added to a +# join that specifies the NATURAL keyword. +# +foreach {tn sql} { + 1 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 USING (a)} + 2 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 ON (t1.a=t2.a)} + 3 {SELECT * FROM t1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN t2 ON (45)} +} { + do_catchsql_test e_select-1.12.$tn " + $sql + " {1 {a NATURAL join may not have an ON or USING clause}} +} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# The next block of tests - e_select-3.* - concentrate on verifying +# statements made regarding WHERE clause processing. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-3.0 { + CREATE TABLE x1(k, x, y, z); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 'relinquished', 'aphasia', 78.43); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(2, X'A8E8D66F', X'07CF', -81); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(3, -22, -27.57, NULL); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(4, NULL, 'bygone', 'picky'); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(5, NULL, 96.28, NULL); + INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(6, 0, 1, 2); + + CREATE TABLE x2(k, x, y2); + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(1, 50, X'B82838'); + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(5, 84.79, 65.88); + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(3, -22, X'0E1BE452A393'); + INSERT INTO x2 VALUES(7, 'mistrusted', 'standardized'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-06999-14330 If a WHERE clause is specified, the WHERE +# expression is evaluated for each row in the input data as a boolean +# expression. All rows for which the WHERE clause expression evaluates +# to false are excluded from the dataset before continuing. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.1 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE x } {3} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.2 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE y } {3 5 6} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.3 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE z } {1 2 6} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.4 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE '1'||z } {1 2 4 6} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.5 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE x IS NULL } {4 5} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.1.6 { SELECT k FROM x1 WHERE z - 78.43 } {2 4 6} + +do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.1a { + SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k) +} {1 2 3 4 5 6} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.1b { + SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k) WHERE x2.k +} {1 3 5} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.2 { + SELECT k FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 USING(k) WHERE x2.k IS NULL +} {2 4 6} + +do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.3 { + SELECT k FROM x1 NATURAL JOIN x2 WHERE x2.k +} {3} +do_execsql_test e_select-3.2.4 { + SELECT k FROM x1 NATURAL JOIN x2 WHERE x2.k-3 +} {} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Tests below this point are focused on verifying the testable statements +# related to caculating the result rows of a simple SELECT statement. +# + +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-4.0 { + CREATE TABLE z1(a, b, c); + CREATE TABLE z2(d, e); + CREATE TABLE z3(a, b); + + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(51.65, -59.58, 'belfries'); + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-5, NULL, 75); + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-2.2, -23.18, 'suiters'); + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(NULL, 67, 'quartets'); + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(-1.04, -32.3, 'aspen'); + INSERT INTO z1 VALUES(63, 'born', -26); + + INSERT INTO z2 VALUES(NULL, 21); + INSERT INTO z2 VALUES(36, 6); + + INSERT INTO z3 VALUES('subsistence', 'gauze'); + INSERT INTO z3 VALUES(49.17, -67); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-36327-17224 If a result expression is the special +# expression "*" then all columns in the input data are substituted for +# that one expression. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-43693-30522 If the expression is the alias of a table +# or subquery in the FROM clause followed by ".*" then all columns from +# the named table or subquery are substituted for the single expression. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.1 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM z1 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries} + 2 "SELECT * FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21} + 3 "SELECT z1.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {51.65 -59.58 belfries} + 4 "SELECT z2.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {{} 21} + 5 "SELECT z2.*, z1.* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" {{} 21 51.65 -59.58 belfries} + + 6 "SELECT count(*), * FROM z1" {6 63 born -26} + 7 "SELECT max(a), * FROM z1" {63 63 born -26} + 8 "SELECT *, min(a) FROM z1" {63 born -26 -5} + + 9 "SELECT *,* FROM z1,z2 LIMIT 1" { + 51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21 51.65 -59.58 belfries {} 21 + } + 10 "SELECT z1.*,z1.* FROM z2,z1 LIMIT 1" { + 51.65 -59.58 belfries 51.65 -59.58 belfries + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-61869-22578 It is an error to use a "*" or "alias.*" +# expression in any context other than than a result expression list. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44324-41166 It is also an error to use a "*" or +# "alias.*" expression in a simple SELECT query that does not have a +# FROM clause. +# +foreach {tn select err} { + 1.1 "SELECT a, b, c FROM z1 WHERE *" {near "*": syntax error} + 1.2 "SELECT a, b, c FROM z1 GROUP BY *" {near "*": syntax error} + 1.3 "SELECT 1 + * FROM z1" {near "*": syntax error} + 1.4 "SELECT * + 1 FROM z1" {near "+": syntax error} + + 2.1 "SELECT *" {no tables specified} + 2.2 "SELECT * WHERE 1" {no tables specified} + 2.3 "SELECT * WHERE 0" {no tables specified} + 2.4 "SELECT count(*), *" {no tables specified} +} { + do_catchsql_test e_select-4.2.$tn $select [list 1 $err] +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08669-22397 The number of columns in the rows returned +# by a simple SELECT statement is equal to the number of expressions in +# the result expression list after substitution of * and alias.* +# expressions. +# +foreach {tn select nCol} { + 1 "SELECT * FROM z1" 3 + 2 "SELECT * FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 3 + 3 "SELECT z1.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 3 + 4 "SELECT z3.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 2 + 5 "SELECT z1.*, z3.* FROM z1 NATURAL JOIN z3" 5 + 6 "SELECT 1, 2, z1.* FROM z1" 5 + 7 "SELECT a, *, b, c FROM z1" 6 +} { + set ::stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $select -1 DUMMY] + do_test e_select-4.3.$tn { sqlite3_column_count $::stmt } $nCol + sqlite3_finalize $::stmt +} + + + +# In lang_select.html, a non-aggregate query is defined as any simple SELECT +# that has no GROUP BY clause and no aggregate expressions in the result +# expression list. Other queries are aggregate queries. Test cases +# e_select-4.4.* through e_select-4.12.*, inclusive, which test the part of +# simple SELECT that is different for aggregate and non-aggregate queries +# verify (in a way) that these definitions are consistent: +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-20637-43463 A simple SELECT statement is an aggregate +# query if it contains either a GROUP BY clause or one or more aggregate +# functions in the result-set. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23155-55597 Otherwise, if a simple SELECT contains no +# aggregate functions or a GROUP BY clause, it is a non-aggregate query. +# + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44050-47362 If the SELECT statement is a non-aggregate +# query, then each expression in the result expression list is evaluated +# for each row in the dataset filtered by the WHERE clause. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.4 { + 1 "SELECT a, b FROM z1" + {51.65 -59.58 -5 {} -2.2 -23.18 {} 67 -1.04 -32.3 63 born} + + 2 "SELECT a IS NULL, b+1, * FROM z1" { + 0 -58.58 51.65 -59.58 belfries + 0 {} -5 {} 75 + 0 -22.18 -2.2 -23.18 suiters + 1 68 {} 67 quartets + 0 -31.3 -1.04 -32.3 aspen + 0 1 63 born -26 + } + + 3 "SELECT 32*32, d||e FROM z2" {1024 {} 1024 366} +} + + +# Test cases e_select-4.5.* and e_select-4.6.* together show that: +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-51988-01124 The single row of result-set data created +# by evaluating the aggregate and non-aggregate expressions in the +# result-set forms the result of an aggregate query without a GROUP BY +# clause. +# + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-57629-25253 If the SELECT statement is an aggregate +# query without a GROUP BY clause, then each aggregate expression in the +# result-set is evaluated once across the entire dataset. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.5 { + 1 "SELECT count(a), max(a), count(b), max(b) FROM z1" {5 63 5 born} + 2 "SELECT count(*), max(1)" {1 1} + + 3 "SELECT sum(b+1) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {-43.06} + 4 "SELECT sum(b+2) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {-38.06} + 5 "SELECT sum(b IS NOT NULL) FROM z1 NATURAL LEFT JOIN z3" {5} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-26684-40576 Each non-aggregate expression in the +# result-set is evaluated once for an arbitrarily selected row of the +# dataset. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-27994-60376 The same arbitrarily selected row is used +# for each non-aggregate expression. +# +# Note: The results of many of the queries in this block of tests are +# technically undefined, as the documentation does not specify which row +# SQLite will arbitrarily select to use for the evaluation of the +# non-aggregate expressions. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-4.6.0 { + CREATE TABLE a1(one PRIMARY KEY, two); + INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(1, 1); + INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(2, 3); + INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(3, 6); + INSERT INTO a1 VALUES(4, 10); + + CREATE TABLE a2(one PRIMARY KEY, three); + INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(1, 1); + INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(3, 2); + INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(6, 3); + INSERT INTO a2 VALUES(10, 4); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-4.6 { + 1 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1" {4 10 4} + 2 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE one<3" {2 3 2} + 3 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE one>3" {4 10 1} + 4 "SELECT *, count(*) FROM a1 JOIN a2" {4 10 10 4 16} + 5 "SELECT *, sum(three) FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {3 6 2 3} + 6 "SELECT *, sum(three) FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {3 6 2 3} + 7 "SELECT group_concat(three, ''), a1.* FROM a1 NATURAL JOIN a2" {12 3 6} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04486-07266 Or, if the dataset contains zero rows, then +# each non-aggregate expression is evaluated against a row consisting +# entirely of NULL values. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.7 { + 1 "SELECT one, two, count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 0" {{} {} 0} + 2 "SELECT sum(two), * FROM a1, a2 WHERE three>5" {{} {} {} {} {}} + 3 "SELECT max(one) IS NULL, one IS NULL, two IS NULL FROM a1 WHERE two=7" { + 1 1 1 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-64138-28774 An aggregate query without a GROUP BY +# clause always returns exactly one row of data, even if there are zero +# rows of input data. +# +foreach {tn select} { + 8.1 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1" + 8.2 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 0" + 8.3 "SELECT count(*) FROM a1 WHERE 1" + 8.4 "SELECT max(a1.one)+min(two), a1.one, two, * FROM a1, a2 WHERE 1" + 8.5 "SELECT max(a1.one)+min(two), a1.one, two, * FROM a1, a2 WHERE 0" +} { + # Set $nRow to the number of rows returned by $select: + set ::stmt [sqlite3_prepare_v2 db $select -1 DUMMY] + set nRow 0 + while {"SQLITE_ROW" == [sqlite3_step $::stmt]} { incr nRow } + set rc [sqlite3_finalize $::stmt] + + # Test that $nRow==1 and that statement execution was successful + # (rc==SQLITE_OK). + do_test e_select-4.$tn [list list $rc $nRow] {SQLITE_OK 1} +} + +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-4.9.0 { + CREATE TABLE b1(one PRIMARY KEY, two); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(1, 'o'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(4, 'f'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(3, 't'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(2, 't'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(5, 'f'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(7, 's'); + INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(6, 's'); + + CREATE TABLE b2(x, y); + INSERT INTO b2 VALUES(NULL, 0); + INSERT INTO b2 VALUES(NULL, 1); + INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('xyz', 2); + INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('abc', 3); + INSERT INTO b2 VALUES('xyz', 4); + + CREATE TABLE b3(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary); + INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('abc', 'abc'); + INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('aBC', 'aBC'); + INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('Def', 'Def'); + INSERT INTO b3 VALUES('dEF', 'dEF'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-57754-57109 If the SELECT statement is an aggregate +# query with a GROUP BY clause, then each of the expressions specified +# as part of the GROUP BY clause is evaluated for each row of the +# dataset. Each row is then assigned to a "group" based on the results; +# rows for which the results of evaluating the GROUP BY expressions are +# the same are assigned to the same group. +# +# These tests also show that the following is not untrue: +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-25883-55063 The expressions in the GROUP BY clause do +# not have to be expressions that appear in the result. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.9 { + 1 "SELECT group_concat(one), two FROM b1 GROUP BY two" { + 4,5 f 1 o 7,6 s 3,2 t + } + 2 "SELECT group_concat(one), sum(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (one>4)" { + 1,4,3,2 10 5,7,6 18 + } + 3 "SELECT group_concat(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (two>'o'), one%2" { + 4 1,5 2,6 3,7 + } + 4 "SELECT group_concat(one) FROM b1 GROUP BY (one==2 OR two=='o')" { + 4,3,5,7,6 1,2 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-14926-50129 For the purposes of grouping rows, NULL +# values are considered equal. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.10 { + 1 "SELECT group_concat(y) FROM b2 GROUP BY x" {0,1 3 2,4} + 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM b2 GROUP BY CASE WHEN y<4 THEN NULL ELSE 0 END" {4 1} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-10470-30318 The usual rules for selecting a collation +# sequence with which to compare text values apply when evaluating +# expressions in a GROUP BY clause. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.11 { + 1 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY b" {1 1 1 1} + 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY a" {2 2} + 3 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY +b" {1 1 1 1} + 4 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY +a" {2 2} + 5 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY b||''" {1 1 1 1} + 6 "SELECT count(*) FROM b3 GROUP BY a||''" {1 1 1 1} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-63573-50730 The expressions in a GROUP BY clause may +# not be aggregate expressions. +# +foreach {tn select} { + 12.1 "SELECT * FROM b3 GROUP BY count(*)" + 12.2 "SELECT max(a) FROM b3 GROUP BY max(b)" + 12.3 "SELECT group_concat(a) FROM b3 GROUP BY a, max(b)" +} { + set res {1 {aggregate functions are not allowed in the GROUP BY clause}} + do_catchsql_test e_select-4.$tn $select $res +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-31537-00101 If a HAVING clause is specified, it is +# evaluated once for each group of rows as a boolean expression. If the +# result of evaluating the HAVING clause is false, the group is +# discarded. +# +# This requirement is tested by all e_select-4.13.* tests. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-04132-09474 If the HAVING clause is an aggregate +# expression, it is evaluated across all rows in the group. +# +# Tested by e_select-4.13.1.* +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-28262-47447 If a HAVING clause is a non-aggregate +# expression, it is evaluated with respect to an arbitrarily selected +# row from the group. +# +# Tested by e_select-4.13.2.* +# +# Tests in this block also show that this is not untrue: +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-55403-13450 The HAVING expression may refer to values, +# even aggregate functions, that are not in the result. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-4.13.0 { + CREATE TABLE c1(up, down); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 1); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 2); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 4); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('x', 8); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('y', 16); + INSERT INTO c1 VALUES('y', 32); + + CREATE TABLE c2(i, j); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(1, 0); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(2, 1); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(3, 3); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(4, 6); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(5, 10); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(6, 15); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(7, 21); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(8, 28); + INSERT INTO c2 VALUES(9, 36); + + CREATE TABLE c3(i PRIMARY KEY, k TEXT); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(1, 'hydrogen'); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(2, 'helium'); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(3, 'lithium'); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(4, 'beryllium'); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(5, 'boron'); + INSERT INTO c3 VALUES(94, 'plutonium'); +} {} + +do_select_tests e_select-4.13 { + 1.1 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING count(*)>3" {x} + 1.2 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING sum(down)>16" {y} + 1.3 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING sum(down)<16" {x} + 1.4 "SELECT up||down FROM c1 GROUP BY (down<5) HAVING max(down)<10" {x4} + + 2.1 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING down>10" {y} + 2.2 "SELECT up FROM c1 GROUP BY up HAVING up='y'" {y} + + 2.3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i>4 HAVING i>6" {9 36} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23927-54081 Each expression in the result-set is then +# evaluated once for each group of rows. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-53735-47017 If the expression is an aggregate +# expression, it is evaluated across all rows in the group. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.15 { + 1 "SELECT sum(down) FROM c1 GROUP BY up" {15 48} + 2 "SELECT sum(j), max(j) FROM c2 GROUP BY (i%3)" {54 36 27 21 39 28} + 3 "SELECT sum(j), max(j) FROM c2 GROUP BY (j%2)" {80 36 40 21} + 4 "SELECT 1+sum(j), max(j)+1 FROM c2 GROUP BY (j%2)" {81 37 41 22} + 5 "SELECT count(*), round(avg(i),2) FROM c1, c2 ON (i=down) GROUP BY j%2" + {3 4.33 1 2.0} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-62913-19830 Otherwise, it is evaluated against a single +# arbitrarily chosen row from within the group. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-53924-08809 If there is more than one non-aggregate +# expression in the result-set, then all such expressions are evaluated +# for the same row. +# +do_select_tests e_select-4.15 { + 1 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2" {8 28 9 36} + 2 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j<30" {8 28} + 3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j>30" {9 36} + 4 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2 HAVING j>30" {9 36} + 5 "SELECT count(*), i, k FROM c2 NATURAL JOIN c3 GROUP BY substr(k, 1, 1)" + {2 5 boron 2 2 helium 1 3 lithium} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-19334-12811 Each group of input dataset rows +# contributes a single row to the set of result rows. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-02223-49279 Subject to filtering associated with the +# DISTINCT keyword, the number of rows returned by an aggregate query +# with a GROUP BY clause is the same as the number of groups of rows +# produced by applying the GROUP BY and HAVING clauses to the filtered +# input dataset. +# +do_select_tests e_select.4.16 -count { + 1 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i%2" 2 + 2 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i" 9 + 3 "SELECT i, j FROM c2 GROUP BY i HAVING i<5" 4 +} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# The following tests attempt to verify statements made regarding the ALL +# and DISTINCT keywords. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-5.1.0 { + CREATE TABLE h1(a, b); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'one'); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'I'); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(1, 'i'); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'four'); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'IV'); + INSERT INTO h1 VALUES(4, 'iv'); + + CREATE TABLE h2(x COLLATE nocase); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('One'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Two'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Three'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('Four'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('one'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('two'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('three'); + INSERT INTO h2 VALUES('four'); + + CREATE TABLE h3(c, d); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(1, NULL); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(2, NULL); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(3, NULL); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(4, '2'); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(5, NULL); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(6, '2,3'); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(7, NULL); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(8, '2,4'); + INSERT INTO h3 VALUES(9, '3'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-60770-10612 One of the ALL or DISTINCT keywords may +# follow the SELECT keyword in a simple SELECT statement. +# +do_select_tests e_select-5.1 { + 1 "SELECT ALL a FROM h1" {1 1 1 4 4 4} + 2 "SELECT DISTINCT a FROM h1" {1 4} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08861-34280 If the simple SELECT is a SELECT ALL, then +# the entire set of result rows are returned by the SELECT. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-47911-02086 If neither ALL or DISTINCT are present, +# then the behaviour is as if ALL were specified. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-14442-41305 If the simple SELECT is a SELECT DISTINCT, +# then duplicate rows are removed from the set of result rows before it +# is returned. +# +# The three testable statements above are tested by e_select-5.2.*, +# 5.3.* and 5.4.* respectively. +# +do_select_tests e_select-5 { + 3.1 "SELECT ALL x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four one two three four} + 3.2 "SELECT ALL x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One one Four four} + + 3.1 "SELECT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four one two three four} + 3.2 "SELECT x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One one Four four} + + 4.1 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four} + 4.2 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h1, h2 ON (x=b)" {One Four} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-02054-15343 For the purposes of detecting duplicate +# rows, two NULL values are considered to be equal. +# +do_select_tests e_select-5.5 { + 1 "SELECT DISTINCT d FROM h3" {{} 2 2,3 2,4 3} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-58359-52112 The normal rules for selecting a collation +# sequence to compare text values with apply. +# +do_select_tests e_select-5.6 { + 1 "SELECT DISTINCT b FROM h1" {one I i four IV iv} + 2 "SELECT DISTINCT b COLLATE nocase FROM h1" {one I four IV} + 3 "SELECT DISTINCT x FROM h2" {One Two Three Four} + 4 "SELECT DISTINCT x COLLATE binary FROM h2" { + One Two Three Four one two three four + } +} + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# The following tests - e_select-7.* - test that statements made to do +# with compound SELECT statements are correct. +# + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-39368-64333 In a compound SELECT, all the constituent +# SELECTs must return the same number of result columns. +# +# All the other tests in this section use compound SELECTs created +# using component SELECTs that do return the same number of columns. +# So the tests here just show that it is an error to attempt otherwise. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-7.1.0 { + CREATE TABLE j1(a, b, c); + CREATE TABLE j2(e, f); + CREATE TABLE j3(g); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-7.1 -error { + SELECTs to the left and right of %s do not have the same number of result columns +} { + 1 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}} + 2 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}} + 3 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j3" {{UNION ALL}} + 4 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {{UNION ALL}} + 5 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM j1" {{UNION ALL}} + + 6 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j3" {UNION} + 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j3" {UNION} + 8 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j3" {UNION} + 9 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {UNION} + 10 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM j1" {UNION} + + 11 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j3" {INTERSECT} + 12 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j3" {INTERSECT} + 13 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j3" {INTERSECT} + 14 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {INTERSECT} + 15 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM j1" {INTERSECT} + + 16 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j3" {EXCEPT} + 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j3" {EXCEPT} + 18 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j3" {EXCEPT} + 19 "SELECT a, b FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j3,j2" {EXCEPT} + 20 "SELECT * FROM j3,j2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM j1" {EXCEPT} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-01450-11152 As the components of a compound SELECT must +# be simple SELECT statements, they may not contain ORDER BY or LIMIT +# clauses. +# +foreach {tn select op1 op2} { + 1 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL} + 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 UNION ALL SELECT max(e) FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL} + 3 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 UNION ALL SELECT *,* FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {UNION ALL} + 4 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION ALL} + 5 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION ALL} + 6 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION ALL} + + 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + {ORDER BY} {UNION} + 8 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 UNION SELECT max(e) FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {UNION} + 9 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 UNION SELECT *,* FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {UNION} + 10 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION} + 11 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION} + 12 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) UNION SELECT g FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {UNION} + + 13 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT} + 14 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 EXCEPT SELECT max(e) FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT} + 15 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 EXCEPT SELECT *,* FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {EXCEPT} + 16 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {EXCEPT} + 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {EXCEPT} + 18 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {EXCEPT} + + 19 "SELECT * FROM j1 ORDER BY a INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT} + 20 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 ORDER BY 1 INTERSECT SELECT max(e) FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT} + 21 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 ORDER BY 1,2,3 INTERSECT SELECT *,* FROM j2" + {ORDER BY} {INTERSECT} + 22 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {INTERSECT} + 23 "SELECT * FROM j1 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {INTERSECT} + 24 "SELECT a FROM j1 LIMIT (SELECT e FROM j2) INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j2,j3" + LIMIT {INTERSECT} +} { + set err "$op1 clause should come after $op2 not before" + do_catchsql_test e_select-7.2.$tn $select [list 1 $err] +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-22874-32655 ORDER BY and LIMIT clauses may only occur +# at the end of the entire compound SELECT. +# +foreach {tn select} { + 1 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a" + 2 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1" + 3 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3" + 4 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10" + 5 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + 6 "SELECT a FROM j1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)" + + 7 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a" + 8 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 UNION SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1" + 9 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 UNION SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3" + 10 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10" + 11 "SELECT * FROM j1 UNION SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + 12 "SELECT a FROM j1 UNION SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)" + + 13 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a" + 14 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1" + 15 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3" + 16 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10" + 17 "SELECT * FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + 18 "SELECT a FROM j1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)" + + 19 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 ORDER BY a" + 20 "SELECT count(*) FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT max(e) FROM j2 ORDER BY 1" + 21 "SELECT count(*), * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT *,* FROM j2 ORDER BY 1,2,3" + 22 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10" + 23 "SELECT * FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM j2,j3 LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5" + 24 "SELECT a FROM j1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM j2,j3 LIMIT (SELECT 10)" +} { + do_test e_select-7.3.$tn { catch {execsql $select} msg } 0 +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-08531-36543 A compound SELECT created using UNION ALL +# operator returns all the rows from the SELECT to the left of the UNION +# ALL operator, and all the rows from the SELECT to the right of it. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-7.4.0 { + CREATE TABLE q1(a TEXT, b INTEGER, c); + CREATE TABLE q2(d NUMBER, e BLOB); + CREATE TABLE q3(f REAL, g); + + INSERT INTO q1 VALUES(16, -87.66, NULL); + INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('legible', 94, -42.47); + INSERT INTO q1 VALUES('beauty', 36, NULL); + + INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('legible', 1); + INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('beauty', 2); + INSERT INTO q2 VALUES(-65.91, 4); + INSERT INTO q2 VALUES('emanating', -16.56); + + INSERT INTO q3 VALUES('beauty', 2); + INSERT INTO q3 VALUES('beauty', 2); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-7.4 { + 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT d FROM q2} + {16 legible beauty legible beauty -65.91 emanating} + + 2 {SELECT * FROM q1 WHERE a=16 UNION ALL SELECT 'x', * FROM q2 WHERE oid=1} + {16 -87.66 {} x legible 1} + + 3 {SELECT count(*) FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT min(e) FROM q2} + {3 -16.56} + + 4 {SELECT * FROM q2 UNION ALL SELECT * FROM q3} + {legible 1 beauty 2 -65.91 4 emanating -16.56 beauty 2 beauty 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-20560-39162 The UNION operator works the same way as +# UNION ALL, except that duplicate rows are removed from the final +# result set. +# +do_select_tests e_select-7.5 { + 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 UNION SELECT d FROM q2} + {-65.91 16 beauty emanating legible} + + 2 {SELECT * FROM q1 WHERE a=16 UNION SELECT 'x', * FROM q2 WHERE oid=1} + {16 -87.66 {} x legible 1} + + 3 {SELECT count(*) FROM q1 UNION SELECT min(e) FROM q2} + {-16.56 3} + + 4 {SELECT * FROM q2 UNION SELECT * FROM q3} + {-65.91 4 beauty 2 emanating -16.56 legible 1} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-45764-31737 The INTERSECT operator returns the +# intersection of the results of the left and right SELECTs. +# +do_select_tests e_select-7.6 { + 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 INTERSECT SELECT d FROM q2} {beauty legible} + 2 {SELECT * FROM q2 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-25787-28949 The EXCEPT operator returns the subset of +# rows returned by the left SELECT that are not also returned by the +# right-hand SELECT. +# +do_select_tests e_select-7.7 { + 1 {SELECT a FROM q1 EXCEPT SELECT d FROM q2} {16} + + 2 {SELECT * FROM q2 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM q3} + {-65.91 4 emanating -16.56 legible 1} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-40729-56447 Duplicate rows are removed from the results +# of INTERSECT and EXCEPT operators before the result set is returned. +# +do_select_tests e_select-7.8 { + 0 {SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2 beauty 2} + + 1 {SELECT * FROM q3 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM q3} {beauty 2} + 2 {SELECT * FROM q3 EXCEPT SELECT a,b FROM q1} {beauty 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46765-43362 For the purposes of determining duplicate +# rows for the results of compound SELECT operators, NULL values are +# considered equal to other NULL values and distinct from all non-NULL +# values. +# +db nullvalue null +do_select_tests e_select-7.9 { + 1 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT NULL} {null null} + 2 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT NULL} {null} + 3 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT NULL} {null} + 4 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT NULL} {} + + 5 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT 'ab'} {null ab} + 6 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT 'ab'} {null ab} + 7 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT 'ab'} {} + 8 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT 'ab'} {null} + + 9 {SELECT NULL UNION ALL SELECT 0} {null 0} + 10 {SELECT NULL UNION SELECT 0} {null 0} + 11 {SELECT NULL INTERSECT SELECT 0} {} + 12 {SELECT NULL EXCEPT SELECT 0} {null} + + 13 {SELECT c FROM q1 UNION ALL SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47 null 2 2} + 14 {SELECT c FROM q1 UNION SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47 2} + 15 {SELECT c FROM q1 INTERSECT SELECT g FROM q3} {} + 16 {SELECT c FROM q1 EXCEPT SELECT g FROM q3} {null -42.47} +} +db nullvalue {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-51232-50224 The collation sequence used to compare two +# text values is determined as if the columns of the left and right-hand +# SELECT statements were the left and right-hand operands of the equals +# (=) operator, except that greater precedence is not assigned to a +# collation sequence specified with the postfix COLLATE operator. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-7.10.0 { + CREATE TABLE y1(a COLLATE nocase, b COLLATE binary, c); + INSERT INTO y1 VALUES('Abc', 'abc', 'aBC'); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-7.10 { + 1 {SELECT 'abc' UNION SELECT 'ABC'} {ABC abc} + 2 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE nocase UNION SELECT 'ABC'} {ABC} + 3 {SELECT 'abc' UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE nocase} {ABC} + 4 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE binary UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE nocase} {ABC abc} + 5 {SELECT 'abc' COLLATE nocase UNION SELECT 'ABC' COLLATE binary} {ABC} + + 6 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT b FROM y1} {abc} + 7 {SELECT b FROM y1 UNION SELECT a FROM y1} {Abc abc} + 8 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT c FROM y1} {aBC} + + 9 {SELECT a FROM y1 UNION SELECT c COLLATE binary FROM y1} {aBC} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-32706-07403 No affinity transformations are applied to +# any values when comparing rows as part of a compound SELECT. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-7.10.0 { + CREATE TABLE w1(a TEXT, b NUMBER); + CREATE TABLE w2(a, b TEXT); + + INSERT INTO w1 VALUES('1', 4.1); + INSERT INTO w2 VALUES(1, 4.1); +} {} + +do_select_tests e_select-7.11 { + 1 { SELECT a FROM w1 UNION SELECT a FROM w2 } {1 1} + 2 { SELECT a FROM w2 UNION SELECT a FROM w1 } {1 1} + 3 { SELECT b FROM w1 UNION SELECT b FROM w2 } {4.1 4.1} + 4 { SELECT b FROM w2 UNION SELECT b FROM w1 } {4.1 4.1} + + 5 { SELECT a FROM w1 INTERSECT SELECT a FROM w2 } {} + 6 { SELECT a FROM w2 INTERSECT SELECT a FROM w1 } {} + 7 { SELECT b FROM w1 INTERSECT SELECT b FROM w2 } {} + 8 { SELECT b FROM w2 INTERSECT SELECT b FROM w1 } {} + + 9 { SELECT a FROM w1 EXCEPT SELECT a FROM w2 } {1} + 10 { SELECT a FROM w2 EXCEPT SELECT a FROM w1 } {1} + 11 { SELECT b FROM w1 EXCEPT SELECT b FROM w2 } {4.1} + 12 { SELECT b FROM w2 EXCEPT SELECT b FROM w1 } {4.1} +} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-32562-20566 When three or more simple SELECTs are +# connected into a compound SELECT, they group from left to right. In +# other words, if "A", "B" and "C" are all simple SELECT statements, (A +# op B op C) is processed as ((A op B) op C). +# +# e_select-7.12.1: Precedence of UNION vs. INTERSECT +# e_select-7.12.2: Precedence of UNION vs. UNION ALL +# e_select-7.12.3: Precedence of UNION vs. EXCEPT +# e_select-7.12.4: Precedence of INTERSECT vs. UNION ALL +# e_select-7.12.5: Precedence of INTERSECT vs. EXCEPT +# e_select-7.12.6: Precedence of UNION ALL vs. EXCEPT +# e_select-7.12.7: Check that "a EXCEPT b EXCEPT c" is processed as +# "(a EXCEPT b) EXCEPT c". +# +# The INTERSECT and EXCEPT operations are mutually commutative. So +# the e_select-7.12.5 test cases do not prove very much. +# +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-7.12.0 { + CREATE TABLE t1(x); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2); + INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3); +} {} +foreach {tn select res} { + 1a "(1,2) INTERSECT (1) UNION (3)" {1 3} + 1b "(3) UNION (1,2) INTERSECT (1)" {1} + + 2a "(1,2) UNION (3) UNION ALL (1)" {1 2 3 1} + 2b "(1) UNION ALL (3) UNION (1,2)" {1 2 3} + + 3a "(1,2) UNION (3) EXCEPT (1)" {2 3} + 3b "(1,2) EXCEPT (3) UNION (1)" {1 2} + + 4a "(1,2) INTERSECT (1) UNION ALL (3)" {1 3} + 4b "(3) UNION (1,2) INTERSECT (1)" {1} + + 5a "(1,2) INTERSECT (2) EXCEPT (2)" {} + 5b "(2,3) EXCEPT (2) INTERSECT (2)" {} + + 6a "(2) UNION ALL (2) EXCEPT (2)" {} + 6b "(2) EXCEPT (2) UNION ALL (2)" {2} + + 7 "(2,3) EXCEPT (2) EXCEPT (3)" {} +} { + set select [string map {( {SELECT x FROM t1 WHERE x IN (}} $select] + do_execsql_test e_select-7.12.$tn $select [list {*}$res] +} + + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# ORDER BY clauses +# + +drop_all_tables +do_execsql_test e_select-8.1.0 { + CREATE TABLE d1(x, y, z); + + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 3); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(2, 5, -1); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 8); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, 7); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(2, 4, 93); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 2, -20); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 4, 93); + INSERT INTO d1 VALUES(1, 5, -1); + + CREATE TABLE d2(a, b); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('gently', 'failings'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('commercials', 'bathrobe'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('iterate', 'sexton'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('babied', 'charitableness'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('solemnness', 'annexed'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('rejoicing', 'liabilities'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('pragmatist', 'guarded'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('barked', 'interrupted'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('reemphasizes', 'reply'); + INSERT INTO d2 VALUES('lad', 'relenting'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44988-41064 Rows are first sorted based on the results +# of evaluating the left-most expression in the ORDER BY list, then ties +# are broken by evaluating the second left-most expression and so on. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.1 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x, y, z" { + 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8 + 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-06617-54588 Each ORDER BY expression may be optionally +# followed by one of the keywords ASC (smaller values are returned +# first) or DESC (larger values are returned first). +# +# Test cases e_select-8.2.* test the above. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-18705-33393 If neither ASC or DESC are specified, rows +# are sorted in ascending (smaller values first) order by default. +# +# Test cases e_select-8.3.* test the above. All 8.3 test cases are +# copies of 8.2 test cases with the explicit "ASC" removed. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8 { + 2.1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x ASC, y ASC, z ASC" { + 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8 + 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1 + } + 2.2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y DESC, z DESC" { + 2 5 -1 2 4 93 1 5 -1 1 4 93 + 1 2 8 1 2 7 1 2 3 1 2 -20 + } + 2.3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y ASC, z DESC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7 + 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 2.4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y ASC, z ASC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + + 3.1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x, y, z" { + 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8 + 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1 + } + 3.3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y, z DESC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7 + 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 3.4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x DESC, y, z" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-29779-04281 If the ORDER BY expression is a constant +# integer K then the expression is considered an alias for the K-th +# column of the result set (columns are numbered from left to right +# starting with 1). +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.4 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 ASC, 2 ASC, 3 ASC" { + 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8 + 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1 + } + 2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 DESC, 3 DESC" { + 2 5 -1 2 4 93 1 5 -1 1 4 93 + 1 2 8 1 2 7 1 2 3 1 2 -20 + } + 3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 ASC, 3 DESC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7 + 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 4 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2 ASC, 3 ASC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 5 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1, 2, 3" { + 1 2 -20 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 2 8 + 1 4 93 1 5 -1 2 4 93 2 5 -1 + } + 6 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2, 3 DESC" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 8 1 2 7 + 1 2 3 1 2 -20 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 7 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY 1 DESC, 2, 3" { + 2 4 93 2 5 -1 1 2 -20 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 1 5 -1 + } + 8 "SELECT z, x FROM d1 ORDER BY 2" { + 3 1 8 1 7 1 -20 1 + 93 1 -1 1 -1 2 93 2 + } + 9 "SELECT z, x FROM d1 ORDER BY 1" { + -20 1 -1 2 -1 1 3 1 + 7 1 8 1 93 2 93 1 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-63286-51977 If the ORDER BY expression is an identifier +# that corresponds to the alias of one of the output columns, then the +# expression is considered an alias for that column. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.5 { + 1 "SELECT z+1 AS abc FROM d1 ORDER BY abc" { + -19 0 0 4 8 9 94 94 + } + 2 "SELECT z+1 AS abc FROM d1 ORDER BY abc DESC" { + 94 94 9 8 4 0 0 -19 + } + 3 "SELECT z AS x, x AS z FROM d1 ORDER BY z" { + 3 1 8 1 7 1 -20 1 93 1 -1 1 -1 2 93 2 + } + 4 "SELECT z AS x, x AS z FROM d1 ORDER BY x" { + -20 1 -1 2 -1 1 3 1 7 1 8 1 93 2 93 1 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-65068-27207 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is +# any other expression, it is evaluated and the returned value used to +# order the output rows. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-03421-57988 If the SELECT statement is a simple SELECT, +# then an ORDER BY may contain any arbitrary expressions. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.6 { + 1 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x+y+z" { + 1 2 -20 1 5 -1 1 2 3 2 5 -1 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 2 4 93 + } + 2 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY x*z" { + 1 2 -20 2 5 -1 1 5 -1 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 1 4 93 2 4 93 + } + 3 "SELECT * FROM d1 ORDER BY y*z" { + 1 2 -20 2 5 -1 1 5 -1 1 2 3 + 1 2 7 1 2 8 2 4 93 1 4 93 + } +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-28853-08147 However, if the SELECT is a compound +# SELECT, then ORDER BY expressions that are not aliases to output +# columns must be exactly the same as an expression used as an output +# column. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.7.1 -error { + %s ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set +} { + 1 "SELECT x FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM d2 ORDER BY x*z" 1st + 2 "SELECT x,z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a,b FROM d2 ORDER BY x, x/z" 2nd +} + +do_select_tests e_select-8.7.2 { + 1 "SELECT x*z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM d2 ORDER BY x*z" { + -20 -2 -1 3 7 8 93 186 babied barked commercials gently + iterate lad pragmatist reemphasizes rejoicing solemnness + } + 2 "SELECT x, x/z FROM d1 UNION ALL SELECT a,b FROM d2 ORDER BY x, x/z" { + 1 -1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 -2 2 0 + babied charitableness barked interrupted commercials bathrobe gently + failings iterate sexton lad relenting pragmatist guarded reemphasizes reply + rejoicing liabilities solemnness annexed + } +} + +do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.0 { + CREATE TABLE d3(a); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES('text'); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(14.1); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(13); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(X'78787878'); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(15); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(12.9); + INSERT INTO d3 VALUES(null); + + CREATE TABLE d4(x COLLATE nocase); + INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('abc'); + INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('ghi'); + INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('DEF'); + INSERT INTO d4 VALUES('JKL'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-10883-17697 For the purposes of sorting rows, values +# are compared in the same way as for comparison expressions. +# +# The following tests verify that values of different types are sorted +# correctly, and that mixed real and integer values are compared properly. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.1 { + SELECT a FROM d3 ORDER BY a +} {{} 12.9 13 14.1 15 text xxxx} +do_execsql_test e_select-8.8.2 { + SELECT a FROM d3 ORDER BY a DESC +} {xxxx text 15 14.1 13 12.9 {}} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-64199-22471 If the ORDER BY expression is assigned a +# collation sequence using the postfix COLLATE operator, then the +# specified collation sequence is used. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.9.1 { + SELECT x FROM d4 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE binary +} {DEF JKL abc ghi} +do_execsql_test e_select-8.9.2 { + SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY 1 COLLATE nocase +} {abc DEF ghi JKL} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-09398-26102 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is +# an alias to an expression that has been assigned a collation sequence +# using the postfix COLLATE operator, then the collation sequence +# assigned to the aliased expression is used. +# +# In the test 8.10.2, the only result-column expression has no alias. So the +# ORDER BY expression is not a reference to it and therefore does not inherit +# the collation sequence. In test 8.10.3, "x" is the alias (as well as the +# column name), so the ORDER BY expression is interpreted as an alias and the +# collation sequence attached to the result column is used for sorting. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.1 { + SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY 1 +} {DEF JKL abc ghi} +do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.2 { + SELECT x COLLATE binary FROM d4 ORDER BY x +} {abc DEF ghi JKL} +do_execsql_test e_select-8.10.3 { + SELECT x COLLATE binary AS x FROM d4 ORDER BY x +} {DEF JKL abc ghi} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-27301-09658 Otherwise, if the ORDER BY expression is a +# column or an alias of an expression that is a column, then the default +# collation sequence for the column is used. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.11.1 { + SELECT x AS y FROM d4 ORDER BY y +} {abc DEF ghi JKL} +do_execsql_test e_select-8.11.2 { + SELECT x||'' FROM d4 ORDER BY x +} {abc DEF ghi JKL} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-49925-55905 Otherwise, the BINARY collation sequence is +# used. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.12.1 { + SELECT x FROM d4 ORDER BY x||'' +} {DEF JKL abc ghi} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-44130-32593 If an ORDER BY expression is not an integer +# alias, then SQLite searches the left-most SELECT in the compound for a +# result column that matches either the second or third rules above. If +# a match is found, the search stops and the expression is handled as an +# alias for the result column that it has been matched against. +# Otherwise, the next SELECT to the right is tried, and so on. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-8.13.0 { + CREATE TABLE d5(a, b); + CREATE TABLE d6(c, d); + CREATE TABLE d7(e, f); + + INSERT INTO d5 VALUES(1, 'f'); + INSERT INTO d6 VALUES(2, 'e'); + INSERT INTO d7 VALUES(3, 'd'); + INSERT INTO d5 VALUES(4, 'c'); + INSERT INTO d6 VALUES(5, 'b'); + INSERT INTO d7 VALUES(6, 'a'); + + CREATE TABLE d8(x COLLATE nocase); + CREATE TABLE d9(y COLLATE nocase); + + INSERT INTO d8 VALUES('a'); + INSERT INTO d9 VALUES('B'); + INSERT INTO d8 VALUES('c'); + INSERT INTO d9 VALUES('D'); +} {} +do_select_tests e_select-8.13 { + 1 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7 + ORDER BY a + } {1 2 3 4 5 6} + 2 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7 + ORDER BY c + } {1 2 3 4 5 6} + 3 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7 + ORDER BY e + } {1 2 3 4 5 6} + 4 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c FROM d6 UNION ALL SELECT e FROM d7 + ORDER BY 1 + } {1 2 3 4 5 6} + + 5 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY b } + {f 1 c 4 4 c 1 f} + 6 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY 2 } + {f 1 c 4 4 c 1 f} + + 7 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY a } + {1 f 4 c c 4 f 1} + 8 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a FROM d5 ORDER BY 1 } + {1 f 4 c c 4 f 1} + + 9 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY a+1 } + {f 2 c 5 4 c 1 f} + 10 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY 2 } + {f 2 c 5 4 c 1 f} + + 11 { SELECT a+1, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY a+1 } + {2 f 5 c c 5 f 2} + 12 { SELECT a+1, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT b, a+1 FROM d5 ORDER BY 1 } + {2 f 5 c c 5 f 2} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-39265-04070 If no matching expression can be found in +# the result columns of any constituent SELECT, it is an error. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.14 -error { + %s ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set +} { + 1 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION SELECT c FROM d6 ORDER BY a+1 } 1st + 2 { SELECT a FROM d5 UNION SELECT c FROM d6 ORDER BY a, a+1 } 2nd + 3 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY 'hello' } 1st + 4 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY blah } 1st + 5 { SELECT * FROM d5 INTERSECT SELECT * FROM d6 ORDER BY c,d,c+d } 3rd + 6 { SELECT * FROM d5 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM d7 ORDER BY 1,2,b,a/b } 4th +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-03407-11483 Each term of the ORDER BY clause is +# processed separately and may be matched against result columns from +# different SELECT statements in the compound. +# +do_select_tests e_select-8.15 { + 1 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY a, d } + {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c} + 2 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY c-1, b } + {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c} + 3 { SELECT a, b FROM d5 UNION ALL SELECT c-1, d FROM d6 ORDER BY 1, 2 } + {1 e 1 f 4 b 4 c} +} + + +#------------------------------------------------------------------------- +# Tests related to statements made about the LIMIT/OFFSET clause. +# +do_execsql_test e_select-9.0 { + CREATE TABLE f1(a, b); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(26, 'z'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(25, 'y'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(24, 'x'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(23, 'w'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(22, 'v'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(21, 'u'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(20, 't'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(19, 's'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(18, 'r'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(17, 'q'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(16, 'p'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(15, 'o'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(14, 'n'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(13, 'm'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(12, 'l'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(11, 'k'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(10, 'j'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(9, 'i'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(8, 'h'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(7, 'g'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(6, 'f'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(5, 'e'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(4, 'd'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(3, 'c'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(2, 'b'); + INSERT INTO f1 VALUES(1, 'a'); +} {} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-30481-56627 Any scalar expression may be used in the +# LIMIT clause, so long as it evaluates to an integer or a value that +# can be losslessly converted to an integer. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.1 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 } {a b c d e} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2+3 } {a b c d e} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b = 'e') } + {a b c d e} + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5.0 } {a b c d e} + 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' } {a b c d e} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-46155-47219 If the expression evaluates to a NULL value +# or any other value that cannot be losslessly converted to an integer, +# an error is returned. +# + +do_select_tests e_select-9.2 -error "datatype mismatch" { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 'hello' } {} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT NULL } {} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT X'ABCD' } {} + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5.1 } {} + 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT group_concat(b) FROM f1) } {} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-03014-26414 If the LIMIT expression evaluates to a +# negative value, then there is no upper bound on the number of rows +# returned. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.4 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -1 } + {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT length('abc')-100 } + {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT (SELECT count(*) FROM f1)/2 - 14 } + {a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33750-29536 Otherwise, the SELECT returns the first N +# rows of its result set only, where N is the value that the LIMIT +# expression evaluates to. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.5 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0 } {} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 4 } {z y x w} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 8 } {z y x w v u t s} + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT '12.0' } {z y x w v u t s r q p o} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-54935-19057 Or, if the SELECT statement would return +# less than N rows without a LIMIT clause, then the entire result set is +# returned. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.6 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 WHERE a>21 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 } {v w x y z} + 2 { SELECT count(*) FROM f1 GROUP BY a/5 ORDER BY 1 LIMIT 10 } {2 4 5 5 5 5} +} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-24188-24349 The expression attached to the optional +# OFFSET clause that may follow a LIMIT clause must also evaluate to an +# integer, or a value that can be losslessly converted to an integer. +# +foreach {tn select} { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET 'hello' } + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET NULL } + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET X'ABCD' } + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2 OFFSET 5.1 } + 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a + LIMIT 2 OFFSET (SELECT group_concat(b) FROM f1) + } +} { + do_catchsql_test e_select-9.7.$tn $select {1 {datatype mismatch}} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-20467-43422 If an expression has an OFFSET clause, then +# the first M rows are omitted from the result set returned by the +# SELECT statement and the next N rows are returned, where M and N are +# the values that the OFFSET and LIMIT clauses evaluate to, +# respectively. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.8 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5} {f g h i j k l m n o} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 2+3 OFFSET 10} {k l m n o} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a + LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='j') + OFFSET (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='b') + } {c d e f g h i j k l} + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' OFFSET 3.0 } {d e f g h} + 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '5' OFFSET 0 } {a b c d e} + 6 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0 OFFSET 10 } {} + 7 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 3 OFFSET '1'||'5' } {p q r} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-34648-44875 Or, if the SELECT would return less than +# M+N rows if it did not have a LIMIT clause, then the first M rows are +# skipped and the remaining rows (if any) are returned. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.9 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20} {u v w x y z} + 2 { SELECT a FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 100 OFFSET 18+4} {4 3 2 1} +} + + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-23293-62447 If the OFFSET clause evaluates to a +# negative value, the results are the same as if it had evaluated to +# zero. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.10 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET -1 } {a b c d e} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET -500 } {a b c d e} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5 OFFSET 0 } {a b c d e} +} + +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-19509-40356 Instead of a separate OFFSET clause, the +# LIMIT clause may specify two scalar expressions separated by a comma. +# +# EVIDENCE-OF: R-33788-46243 In this case, the first expression is used +# as the OFFSET expression and the second as the LIMIT expression. +# +do_select_tests e_select-9.11 { + 1 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 5, 10 } {f g h i j k l m n o} + 2 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10, 2+3 } {k l m n o} + 3 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a + LIMIT (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='b'), (SELECT a FROM f1 WHERE b='j') + } {c d e f g h i j k l} + 4 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 3.0, '5' } {d e f g h} + 5 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0, '5' } {a b c d e} + 6 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 10, 0 } {} + 7 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT '1'||'5', 3 } {p q r} + + 8 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 20, 10 } {u v w x y z} + 9 { SELECT a FROM f1 ORDER BY a DESC LIMIT 18+4, 100 } {4 3 2 1} + + 10 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -1, 5 } {a b c d e} + 11 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT -500, 5 } {a b c d e} + 12 { SELECT b FROM f1 ORDER BY a LIMIT 0, 5 } {a b c d e} +} + +finish_test |