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+# 2008 June 24
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. 
+#
+# The focus of this file is testing the compound-SELECT merge
+# optimization.  Or, in other words, making sure that all
+# possible combinations of UNION, UNION ALL, EXCEPT, and
+# INTERSECT work together with an ORDER BY clause (with or w/o
+# explicit sort order and explicit collating secquites) and
+# with and without optional LIMIT and OFFSET clauses.
+#
+# $Id: selectA.test,v 1.6 2008/08/21 14:24:29 drh Exp $
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+
+ifcapable !compound {
+  finish_test
+  return
+}
+
+do_test selectA-1.0 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c COLLATE NOCASE);
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,'a','a');
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(9.9, 'b', 'B');
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(NULL, 'C', 'c');
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('hello', 'd', 'D');
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(x'616263', 'e', 'e');
+    SELECT * FROM t1;
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-1.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t2(x,y,z COLLATE NOCASE);
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(NULL,'U','u');
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES('mad', 'Z', 'z');
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(x'68617265', 'm', 'M');
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(5.2e6, 'X', 'x');
+    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(-23, 'Y', 'y');
+    SELECT * FROM t2;
+  }
+} {{} U u mad Z z hare m M 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y}
+do_test selectA-1.2 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t3(a,b,c COLLATE NOCASE);
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2;
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2;
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t1;
+    INSERT INTO t3 SELECT * FROM t2;
+    SELECT count(*) FROM t3;
+  }
+} {30}
+
+do_test selectA-2.1 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.1.1 {   # Ticket #3314
+  execsql {
+    SELECT t1.a, t1.b, t1.c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.1.2 {   # Ticket #3314
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY t1.a, t1.b, t1.c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.4 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.5 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.6 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.7 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.8 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.9 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.10 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.11 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.12 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.13 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.14 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.15 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.16 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.17 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.18 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.19 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.20 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.21 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.22 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.23 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.24 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.25 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.26 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.27 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.28 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.29 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.30 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.31 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.32 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.33 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.34 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.35 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.36 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.37 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.38 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.39 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.40 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.41 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.42 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.43 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.44 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.45 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.46 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.47 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.48 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.49 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.50 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.51 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.52 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.53 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY b, a DESC
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.54 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY b
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.55 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b DESC, c
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.56 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY b, c DESC, a
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.57 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.58 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.59 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY c, a DESC
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.60 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.61 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY, b DESC, c, a, b, c, a, b, c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-2.62 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.63 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.64 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.65 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.66 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.67 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.68 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-2.69 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.70 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.71 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    EXCEPT SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT y,x,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-2.72 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.73 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.74 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.75 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.76 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.77 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.78 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.79 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.80 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.81 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.82 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.83 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-2.84 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.85 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-2.86 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.87 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY y COLLATE NOCASE DESC,x,z
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.88 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.89 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-2.90 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.91 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-2.92 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+    UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+    UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY y COLLATE NOCASE DESC,x,z
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-2.93 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT upper((SELECT c FROM t1 UNION SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {A}
+do_test selectA-2.94 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {a}
+do_test selectA-2.95 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {{}}
+do_test selectA-2.96 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT z FROM t2 EXCEPT SELECT c FROM t1 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {m}
+
+
+do_test selectA-3.0 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1a ON t1(a);
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1b ON t1(b);
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t1c ON t1(c);
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t2x ON t2(x);
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t2y ON t2(y);
+    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX t2z ON t2(z);
+    SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='index'
+  }
+} {t1a t1b t1c t2x t2y t2z}
+do_test selectA-3.1 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.1.1 {  # Ticket #3314
+  execsql {
+    SELECT t1.a,b,t1.c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,t1.b,t1.c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.4 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.5 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.6 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.7 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.8 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.9 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.10 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.11 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.12 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.13 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.14 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.15 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.16 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.17 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.18 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.19 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.20 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION ALL SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.21 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.22 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.23 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.24 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.25 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.26 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.27 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.28 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.29 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.30 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.31 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.32 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.33 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.34 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.35 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.36 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.37 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.38 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.39 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.40 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.41 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.42 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.43 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.44 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.45 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.46 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.47 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.48 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.49 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.50 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.51 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.52 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY a DESC
+  }
+} {9.9 b B 1 a a {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.53 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY b, a DESC
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.54 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY b
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.55 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b DESC, c
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.56 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY b, c DESC, a
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.57 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.58 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY b
+  }
+} {{} C c 1 a a 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.59 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY c, a DESC
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.60 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d'
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.61 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b>='d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY, b DESC, c, a, b, c, a, b, c
+  }
+} {hello d D abc e e}
+do_test selectA-3.62 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.63 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.64 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.65 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.66 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.67 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 WHERE b<'d'
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.68 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c DESC, a
+  }
+} {abc e e hello d D}
+do_test selectA-3.69 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE NOCASE
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.70 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d' INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.71 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t1 WHERE b<'d'
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT b,c,a FROM t3
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    EXCEPT SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT y,x,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t1
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c}
+do_test selectA-3.72 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.73 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.74 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.75 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.76 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.77 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE DESC,a,c
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.78 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.79 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.80 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.81 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a,b,c FROM t3 UNION SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.82 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a,b,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.83 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a DESC,b,c
+  }
+} {hare m M abc e e mad Z z hello d D 5200000.0 X x 9.9 b B 1 a a -23 Y y {} C c {} U u}
+do_test selectA-3.84 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY a,c,b
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u -23 Y y 1 a a 9.9 b B 5200000.0 X x hello d D mad Z z abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.85 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY b,a,c
+  }
+} {{} C c {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z 1 a a 9.9 b B hello d D abc e e hare m M}
+do_test selectA-3.86 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY b COLLATE NOCASE,a,c
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.87 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY y COLLATE NOCASE DESC,x,z
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.88 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c,b,a
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.89 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c,a,b
+  }
+} {1 a a 9.9 b B {} C c hello d D abc e e hare m M {} U u 5200000.0 X x -23 Y y mad Z z}
+do_test selectA-3.90 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.91 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2 UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY c COLLATE BINARY DESC,a,b
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u abc e e {} C c 1 a a hare m M hello d D 9.9 b B}
+do_test selectA-3.92 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+    UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+    UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+    ORDER BY y COLLATE NOCASE DESC,x,z
+  }
+} {mad Z z -23 Y y 5200000.0 X x {} U u hare m M abc e e hello d D {} C c 9.9 b B 1 a a}
+do_test selectA-3.93 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT upper((SELECT c FROM t1 UNION SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {A}
+do_test selectA-3.94 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT c FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {a}
+do_test selectA-3.95 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT c FROM t1 INTERSECT SELECT z FROM t2 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {{}}
+do_test selectA-3.96 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT lower((SELECT z FROM t2 EXCEPT SELECT c FROM t1 ORDER BY 1));
+  }
+} {m}
+do_test selectA-3.97 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT upper((SELECT x FROM (
+      SELECT x,y,z FROM t2
+      INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+      EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+      UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+      INTERSECT SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+      EXCEPT SELECT c,b,a FROM t1
+      UNION SELECT a,b,c FROM t3
+      ORDER BY y COLLATE NOCASE DESC,x,z)))
+  }
+} {MAD}
+
+finish_test