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+# 2001 September 15
+#
+# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+#
+#    May you do good and not evil.
+#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+#
+#***********************************************************************
+# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
+# focus of this file is testing the IN and BETWEEN operator.
+#
+# $Id: in.test,v 1.22 2008/08/04 03:51:24 danielk1977 Exp $
+
+set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
+source $testdir/tester.tcl
+
+# Generate the test data we will need for the first squences of tests.
+#
+do_test in-1.0 {
+  execsql {
+    BEGIN;
+    CREATE TABLE t1(a int, b int);
+  }
+  for {set i 1} {$i<=10} {incr i} {
+    execsql "INSERT INTO t1 VALUES($i,[expr {1<<$i}])"
+  }
+  execsql {
+    COMMIT;
+    SELECT count(*) FROM t1;
+  }
+} {10}
+
+# Do basic testing of BETWEEN.
+#
+do_test in-1.1 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b BETWEEN 10 AND 50 ORDER BY a}
+} {4 5}
+do_test in-1.2 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b NOT BETWEEN 10 AND 50 ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10}
+do_test in-1.3 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b BETWEEN a AND a*5 ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 3 4}
+do_test in-1.4 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b NOT BETWEEN a AND a*5 ORDER BY a}
+} {5 6 7 8 9 10}
+do_test in-1.6 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b BETWEEN a AND a*5 OR b=512 ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 3 4 9}
+do_test in-1.7 {
+  execsql {SELECT a+ 100*(a BETWEEN 1 and 3) FROM t1 ORDER BY b}
+} {101 102 103 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}
+
+# The rest of this file concentrates on testing the IN operator.
+# Skip this if the library is compiled with SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY 
+# (because the IN operator is unavailable).
+#
+ifcapable !subquery {
+  finish_test
+  return
+}
+
+# Testing of the IN operator using static lists on the right-hand side.
+#
+do_test in-2.1 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (8,12,16,24,32) ORDER BY a}
+} {3 4 5}
+do_test in-2.2 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b NOT IN (8,12,16,24,32) ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 6 7 8 9 10}
+do_test in-2.3 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (8,12,16,24,32) OR b=512 ORDER BY a}
+} {3 4 5 9}
+do_test in-2.4 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b NOT IN (8,12,16,24,32) OR b=512 ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 6 7 8 9 10}
+do_test in-2.5 {
+  execsql {SELECT a+100*(b IN (8,16,24)) FROM t1 ORDER BY b}
+} {1 2 103 104 5 6 7 8 9 10}
+
+do_test in-2.6 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (b+8,64)}
+} {6}
+do_test in-2.7 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (max(5,10,b),20)}
+} {4 5 6 7 8 9 10}
+do_test in-2.8 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (8*2,64/2) ORDER BY b}
+} {4 5}
+do_test in-2.9 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE b IN (max(5,10),20)}
+} {}
+do_test in-2.10 {
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE min(0,b IN (a,30))}
+} {}
+do_test in-2.11 {
+  set v [catch {execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE c IN (10,20)}} msg]
+  lappend v $msg
+} {1 {no such column: c}}
+
+# Testing the IN operator where the right-hand side is a SELECT
+#
+do_test in-3.1 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1
+    WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a<5)
+    ORDER BY a
+  }
+} {1 2 3 4}
+do_test in-3.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1
+    WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a<5) OR b==512
+    ORDER BY a
+  }
+} {1 2 3 4 9}
+do_test in-3.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a + 100*(b IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a<5)) FROM t1 ORDER BY b
+  }
+} {101 102 103 104 5 6 7 8 9 10}
+
+# Make sure the UPDATE and DELETE commands work with IN-SELECT
+#
+do_test in-4.1 {
+  execsql {
+    UPDATE t1 SET b=b*2 
+    WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a>8)
+  }
+  execsql {SELECT b FROM t1 ORDER BY b}
+} {2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 1024 2048}
+do_test in-4.2 {
+  execsql {
+    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a>8)
+  }
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
+} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8}
+do_test in-4.3 {
+  execsql {
+    DELETE FROM t1 WHERE b NOT IN (SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a>4)
+  }
+  execsql {SELECT a FROM t1 ORDER BY a}
+} {5 6 7 8}
+
+# Do an IN with a constant RHS but where the RHS has many, many
+# elements.  We need to test that collisions in the hash table
+# are resolved properly.
+#
+do_test in-5.1 {
+  execsql {
+    INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('hello', 'world');
+    SELECT * FROM t1
+    WHERE a IN (
+       'Do','an','IN','with','a','constant','RHS','but','where','the',
+       'has','many','elements','We','need','to','test','that',
+       'collisions','hash','table','are','resolved','properly',
+       'This','in-set','contains','thirty','one','entries','hello');
+  }
+} {hello world}
+
+# Make sure the IN operator works with INTEGER PRIMARY KEY fields.
+#
+do_test in-6.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE ta(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(1,1);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(2,2);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(3,3);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(4,4);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(6,6);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(8,8);
+    INSERT INTO ta VALUES(10,
+       'This is a key that is long enough to require a malloc in the VDBE');
+    SELECT * FROM ta WHERE a<10;
+  }
+} {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 6 6 8 8}
+do_test in-6.2 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE tb(a INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, b);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(1,1);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(2,2);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(3,3);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(5,5);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(7,7);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(9,9);
+    INSERT INTO tb VALUES(11,
+       'This is a key that is long enough to require a malloc in the VDBE');
+    SELECT * FROM tb WHERE a<10;
+  }
+} {1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 7 7 9 9}
+do_test in-6.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
+  }
+} {1 2 3}
+do_test in-6.4 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b NOT IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
+  }
+} {4 6 8 10}
+do_test in-6.5 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
+  }
+} {1 2 3 10}
+do_test in-6.6 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE b NOT IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
+  }
+} {4 6 8}
+do_test in-6.7 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
+  }
+} {1 2 3}
+do_test in-6.8 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a NOT IN (SELECT a FROM tb);
+  }
+} {4 6 8 10}
+do_test in-6.9 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
+  }
+} {1 2 3}
+do_test in-6.10 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a NOT IN (SELECT b FROM tb);
+  }
+} {4 6 8 10}
+
+# Tests of IN operator against empty sets.  (Ticket #185)
+#
+do_test in-7.1 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IN ();
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-7.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IN (5);
+  }
+} {5}
+do_test in-7.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a NOT IN () ORDER BY a;
+  }
+} {5 6 7 8 hello}
+do_test in-7.4 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IN (5) AND b IN ();
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-7.5 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM t1 WHERE a IN (5) AND b NOT IN ();
+  }
+} {5}
+do_test in-7.6 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a IN ();
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-7.7 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT a FROM ta WHERE a NOT IN ();
+  }
+} {1 2 3 4 6 8 10}
+
+do_test in-8.1 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a IN ('hello','there')
+  }
+} {world}
+do_test in-8.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a IN ("hello",'there')
+  }
+} {world}
+
+# Test constructs of the form:  expr IN tablename
+#
+do_test in-9.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t4 AS SELECT a FROM tb;
+    SELECT * FROM t4;    
+  }
+} {1 2 3 5 7 9 11}
+do_test in-9.2 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a IN t4;
+  }
+} {32 128}
+do_test in-9.3 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a NOT IN t4;
+  }
+} {64 256 world}
+do_test in-9.4 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT b FROM t1 WHERE a NOT IN tb;
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+
+# IN clauses in CHECK constraints.  Ticket #1645
+#
+do_test in-10.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t5(
+      a INTEGER,
+      CHECK( a IN (111,222,333) )
+    );
+    INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(111);
+    SELECT * FROM t5;
+  }
+} {111}
+do_test in-10.2 {
+  catchsql {
+    INSERT INTO t5 VALUES(4);
+  }
+} {1 {constraint failed}}
+
+# Ticket #1821
+#
+# Type affinity applied to the right-hand side of an IN operator.
+#
+do_test in-11.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t6(a,b NUMERIC);
+    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(1,2);
+    INSERT INTO t6 VALUES(2,3);
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE b IN (2);
+  }
+} {1 2}
+do_test in-11.2 {
+  # The '2' should be coerced into 2 because t6.b is NUMERIC
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE b IN ('2');
+  }
+} {1 2}
+do_test in-11.3 {
+  # No coercion should occur here because of the unary + before b.
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE +b IN ('2');
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-11.4 {
+  # No coercion because column a as affinity NONE
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE a IN ('2');
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-11.5 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE a IN (2);
+  }
+} {2 3}
+do_test in-11.6 {
+  # No coercion because column a as affinity NONE
+  execsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t6 WHERE +a IN ('2');
+  }
+} {}
+
+# Test error conditions with expressions of the form IN(<compound select>).
+#
+ifcapable compound {
+do_test in-12.1 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE TABLE t2(a, b, c);
+    CREATE TABLE t3(a, b, c);
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-12.2 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.3 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 UNION SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.4 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.5 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.6 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 UNION ALL SELECT a FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION ALL do not have the same number of result columns}}
+do_test in-12.7 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 UNION SELECT a FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION do not have the same number of result columns}}
+do_test in-12.8 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 EXCEPT SELECT a FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of EXCEPT do not have the same number of result columns}}
+do_test in-12.9 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a, b FROM t3 INTERSECT SELECT a FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of INTERSECT do not have the same number of result columns}}
+}
+
+do_test in-12.10 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a FROM t3 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.11 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a FROM t3 UNION SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.12 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a FROM t3 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+do_test in-12.13 {
+  catchsql {
+    SELECT * FROM t2 WHERE a IN (
+      SELECT a FROM t3 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM t2
+    );
+  }
+} {1 {only a single result allowed for a SELECT that is part of an expression}}
+
+
+#------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests check that NULL is handled correctly when it 
+# appears as part of a set of values on the right-hand side of an
+# IN or NOT IN operator.
+#
+# When it appears in such a set, NULL is handled as an "unknown value".
+# If, because of the unknown value in the set, the result of the expression 
+# cannot be determined, then it itself evaluates to NULL.
+#
+
+# Warm body test to demonstrate the principles being tested:
+#
+do_test in-13.1 {
+  db nullvalue "null"
+  execsql { SELECT 
+    1 IN (NULL, 1, 2),     -- The value 1 is a member of the set, return true.
+    3 IN (NULL, 1, 2),     -- Ambiguous, return NULL.
+    1 NOT IN (NULL, 1, 2), -- The value 1 is a member of the set, return false.
+    3 NOT IN (NULL, 1, 2)  -- Ambiguous, return NULL.
+  }
+} {1 null 0 null}
+
+do_test in-13.2 {
+  execsql { 
+    CREATE TABLE t7(a, b, c NOT NULL);
+    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(1,    1, 1);
+    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(2,    2, 2);
+    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(3,    3, 3);
+    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(NULL, 4, 4);
+    INSERT INTO t7 VALUES(NULL, 5, 5);
+  }
+} {}
+
+do_test in-13.3 {
+  execsql { SELECT 2 IN (SELECT a FROM t7) }
+} {1}
+do_test in-13.4 {
+  execsql { SELECT 6 IN (SELECT a FROM t7) }
+} {null}
+
+do_test in-13.5 {
+  execsql { SELECT 2 IN (SELECT b FROM t7) }
+} {1}
+do_test in-13.6 {
+  execsql { SELECT 6 IN (SELECT b FROM t7) }
+} {0}
+
+do_test in-13.7 {
+  execsql { SELECT 2 IN (SELECT c FROM t7) }
+} {1}
+do_test in-13.8 {
+  execsql { SELECT 6 IN (SELECT c FROM t7) }
+} {0}
+
+do_test in-13.9 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT c FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT c FROM t7)
+  } 
+} {0 null 0 1 0 1}
+
+do_test in-13.10 {
+  execsql { 
+    SELECT b IN (
+      SELECT inside.a 
+      FROM t7 AS inside 
+      WHERE inside.b BETWEEN outside.b+1 AND outside.b+2
+    )
+    FROM t7 AS outside ORDER BY b;
+  }
+} {0 null null null 0}
+
+do_test in-13.11 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT b NOT IN (
+      SELECT inside.a 
+      FROM t7 AS inside 
+      WHERE inside.b BETWEEN outside.b+1 AND outside.b+2
+    )
+    FROM t7 AS outside ORDER BY b;
+  }
+} {1 null null null 1}
+
+do_test in-13.12 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE INDEX i1 ON t7(a);
+    CREATE INDEX i2 ON t7(b);
+    CREATE INDEX i3 ON t7(c);
+  }
+  execsql {
+    SELECT
+      2 IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      6 IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      2 IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      6 IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      2 IN (SELECT c FROM t7),
+      6 IN (SELECT c FROM t7)
+  } 
+} {1 null 1 0 1 0}
+
+do_test in-13.13 {
+  execsql {
+    SELECT
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT a FROM t7),
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT b FROM t7),
+      2 NOT IN (SELECT c FROM t7),
+      6 NOT IN (SELECT c FROM t7)
+  } 
+} {0 null 0 1 0 1}
+
+do_test in-13.14 {
+  execsql {
+    BEGIN TRANSACTION;
+    CREATE TABLE a(id INTEGER);
+    INSERT INTO a VALUES(1);
+    INSERT INTO a VALUES(2);
+    INSERT INTO a VALUES(3);
+    CREATE TABLE b(id INTEGER);
+    INSERT INTO b VALUES(NULL);
+    INSERT INTO b VALUES(3);
+    INSERT INTO b VALUES(4);
+    INSERT INTO b VALUES(5);
+    COMMIT;
+    SELECT * FROM a WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM b);
+  }
+} {}
+do_test in-13.14 {
+  execsql {
+    CREATE INDEX i5 ON b(id);
+    SELECT * FROM a WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT id FROM b);
+  }
+} {}
+
+
+do_test in-13.X {
+  db nullvalue ""
+} {}
+
+finish_test