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Diffstat (limited to 'src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py')
| -rw-r--r-- | src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py | 653 |
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diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py b/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py deleted file mode 100644 index d6d62f21..00000000 --- a/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py +++ /dev/null @@ -1,653 +0,0 @@ -# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- -# sqlcipher.py -# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP -# -# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify -# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or -# (at your option) any later version. -# -# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -# GNU General Public License for more details. -# -# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. - - -""" -A U1DB backend that uses SQLCipher as its persistence layer. - -The SQLCipher API (http://sqlcipher.net/sqlcipher-api/) is fully implemented, -with the exception of the following statements: - - * PRAGMA cipher_use_hmac - * PRAGMA cipher_default_use_mac - -SQLCipher 2.0 introduced a per-page HMAC to validate that the page data has -not be tampered with. By default, when creating or opening a database using -SQLCipher 2, SQLCipher will attempt to use an HMAC check. This change in -database format means that SQLCipher 2 can't operate on version 1.1.x -databases by default. Thus, in order to provide backward compatibility with -SQLCipher 1.1.x, PRAGMA cipher_use_hmac can be used to disable the HMAC -functionality on specific databases. - -In some very specific cases, it is not possible to call PRAGMA cipher_use_hmac -as one of the first operations on a database. An example of this is when -trying to ATTACH a 1.1.x database to the main database. In these cases PRAGMA -cipher_default_use_hmac can be used to globally alter the default use of HMAC -when opening a database. - -So, as the statements above were introduced for backwards compatibility with -SLCipher 1.1 databases, we do not implement them as all SQLCipher databases -handled by Soledad should be created by SQLCipher >= 2.0. -""" - -import os -import time -import string - - -from u1db.backends import sqlite_backend -from pysqlcipher import dbapi2 -from u1db import ( - errors, -) -from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapDocument - - -# Monkey-patch u1db.backends.sqlite_backend with pysqlcipher.dbapi2 -sqlite_backend.dbapi2 = dbapi2 - - -def open(path, password, create=True, document_factory=None, crypto=None, - raw_key=False, cipher='aes-256-cbc', kdf_iter=4000, - cipher_page_size=1024): - """Open a database at the given location. - - Will raise u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist if create=False and the - database does not already exist. - - @param path: The filesystem path for the database to open. - @param type: str - @param create: True/False, should the database be created if it doesn't - already exist? - @param type: bool - @param document_factory: A function that will be called with the same - parameters as Document.__init__. - @type document_factory: callable - @param crypto: An instance of SoledadCrypto so we can encrypt/decrypt - document contents when syncing. - @type crypto: soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto - @param raw_key: Whether C{password} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - - @return: An instance of Database. - @rtype SQLCipherDatabase - """ - return SQLCipherDatabase.open_database( - path, password, create=create, document_factory=document_factory, - crypto=crypto, raw_key=raw_key, cipher=cipher, kdf_iter=kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size=cipher_page_size) - - -# -# Exceptions -# - -class DatabaseIsNotEncrypted(Exception): - """ - Exception raised when trying to open non-encrypted databases. - """ - pass - - -class NotAnHexString(Exception): - """ - Raised when trying to (raw) key the database with a non-hex string. - """ - pass - - -# -# The SQLCipher database -# - -class SQLCipherDatabase(sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase): - """A U1DB implementation that uses SQLCipher as its persistence layer.""" - - _index_storage_value = 'expand referenced encrypted' - - def __init__(self, sqlcipher_file, password, document_factory=None, - crypto=None, raw_key=False, cipher='aes-256-cbc', - kdf_iter=4000, cipher_page_size=1024): - """ - Create a new sqlcipher file. - - @param sqlcipher_file: The path for the SQLCipher file. - @type sqlcipher_file: str - @param password: The password that protects the SQLCipher db. - @type password: str - @param document_factory: A function that will be called with the same - parameters as Document.__init__. - @type document_factory: callable - @param crypto: An instance of SoledadCrypto so we can encrypt/decrypt - document contents when syncing. - @type crypto: soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto - @param raw_key: Whether C{password} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - """ - # ensure the db is encrypted if the file already exists - if os.path.exists(sqlcipher_file): - self.assert_db_is_encrypted( - sqlcipher_file, password, raw_key, cipher, kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size) - # connect to the database - self._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(sqlcipher_file) - # set SQLCipher cryptographic parameters - self._set_crypto_pragmas( - self._db_handle, password, raw_key, cipher, kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size) - self._real_replica_uid = None - self._ensure_schema() - self._crypto = crypto - - def factory(doc_id=None, rev=None, json='{}', has_conflicts=False, - syncable=True): - return LeapDocument(doc_id=doc_id, rev=rev, json=json, - has_conflicts=has_conflicts, - syncable=syncable) - self.set_document_factory(factory) - - @classmethod - def _open_database(cls, sqlcipher_file, password, document_factory=None, - crypto=None, raw_key=False, cipher='aes-256-cbc', - kdf_iter=4000, cipher_page_size=1024): - """ - Open a SQLCipher database. - - @param sqlcipher_file: The path for the SQLCipher file. - @type sqlcipher_file: str - @param password: The password that protects the SQLCipher db. - @type password: str - @param document_factory: A function that will be called with the same - parameters as Document.__init__. - @type document_factory: callable - @param crypto: An instance of SoledadCrypto so we can encrypt/decrypt - document contents when syncing. - @type crypto: soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto - @param raw_key: Whether C{password} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - - @return: The database object. - @rtype: SQLCipherDatabase - """ - if not os.path.isfile(sqlcipher_file): - raise errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist() - tries = 2 - while True: - # Note: There seems to be a bug in sqlite 3.5.9 (with python2.6) - # where without re-opening the database on Windows, it - # doesn't see the transaction that was just committed - db_handle = dbapi2.connect(sqlcipher_file) - # set cryptographic params - cls._set_crypto_pragmas( - db_handle, password, raw_key, cipher, kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size) - c = db_handle.cursor() - v, err = cls._which_index_storage(c) - db_handle.close() - if v is not None: - break - # possibly another process is initializing it, wait for it to be - # done - if tries == 0: - raise err # go for the richest error? - tries -= 1 - time.sleep(cls.WAIT_FOR_PARALLEL_INIT_HALF_INTERVAL) - return SQLCipherDatabase._sqlite_registry[v]( - sqlcipher_file, password, document_factory=document_factory, - crypto=crypto, raw_key=raw_key, cipher=cipher, kdf_iter=kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size=cipher_page_size) - - @classmethod - def open_database(cls, sqlcipher_file, password, create, backend_cls=None, - document_factory=None, crypto=None, raw_key=False, - cipher='aes-256-cbc', kdf_iter=4000, - cipher_page_size=1024): - """ - Open a SQLCipher database. - - @param sqlcipher_file: The path for the SQLCipher file. - @type sqlcipher_file: str - @param password: The password that protects the SQLCipher db. - @type password: str - @param create: Should the datbase be created if it does not already - exist? - @type: bool - @param backend_cls: A class to use as backend. - @type backend_cls: type - @param document_factory: A function that will be called with the same - parameters as Document.__init__. - @type document_factory: callable - @param crypto: An instance of SoledadCrypto so we can encrypt/decrypt - document contents when syncing. - @type crypto: soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto - @param raw_key: Whether C{password} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - - @return: The database object. - @rtype: SQLCipherDatabase - """ - try: - return cls._open_database( - sqlcipher_file, password, document_factory=document_factory, - crypto=crypto, raw_key=raw_key, cipher=cipher, - kdf_iter=kdf_iter, cipher_page_size=cipher_page_size) - except errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist: - if not create: - raise - # TODO: remove backend class from here. - if backend_cls is None: - # default is SQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase - backend_cls = SQLCipherDatabase - return backend_cls( - sqlcipher_file, password, document_factory=document_factory, - crypto=crypto, raw_key=raw_key, cipher=cipher, - kdf_iter=kdf_iter, cipher_page_size=cipher_page_size) - - def sync(self, url, creds=None, autocreate=True): - """ - Synchronize documents with remote replica exposed at url. - - @param url: The url of the target replica to sync with. - @type url: str - @param creds: optional dictionary giving credentials. - to authorize the operation with the server. - @type creds: dict - @param autocreate: Ask the target to create the db if non-existent. - @type autocreate: bool - - @return: The local generation before the synchronisation was performed. - @rtype: int - """ - from u1db.sync import Synchronizer - from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapSyncTarget - return Synchronizer( - self, - LeapSyncTarget(url, - creds=creds, - crypto=self._crypto)).sync(autocreate=autocreate) - - def _extra_schema_init(self, c): - """ - Add any extra fields, etc to the basic table definitions. - - @param c: The cursor for querying the database. - @type c: dbapi2.cursor - """ - c.execute( - 'ALTER TABLE document ' - 'ADD COLUMN syncable BOOL NOT NULL DEFAULT TRUE') - - def _put_and_update_indexes(self, old_doc, doc): - """ - Update a document and all indexes related to it. - - @param old_doc: The old version of the document. - @type old_doc: u1db.Document - @param doc: The new version of the document. - @type doc: u1db.Document - """ - sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase._put_and_update_indexes( - self, old_doc, doc) - c = self._db_handle.cursor() - c.execute('UPDATE document SET syncable=? ' - 'WHERE doc_id=?', - (doc.syncable, doc.doc_id)) - - def _get_doc(self, doc_id, check_for_conflicts=False): - """ - Get just the document content, without fancy handling. - - @param doc_id: The unique document identifier - @type doc_id: str - @param include_deleted: If set to True, deleted documents will be - returned with empty content. Otherwise asking for a deleted - document will return None. - @type include_deleted: bool - - @return: a Document object. - @type: u1db.Document - """ - doc = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase._get_doc( - self, doc_id, check_for_conflicts) - if doc: - c = self._db_handle.cursor() - c.execute('SELECT syncable FROM document ' - 'WHERE doc_id=?', - (doc.doc_id,)) - result = c.fetchone() - doc.syncable = bool(result[0]) - return doc - - # - # SQLCipher API methods - # - - @classmethod - def assert_db_is_encrypted(cls, sqlcipher_file, key, raw_key, cipher, - kdf_iter, cipher_page_size): - """ - Assert that C{sqlcipher_file} contains an encrypted database. - - When opening an existing database, PRAGMA key will not immediately - throw an error if the key provided is incorrect. To test that the - database can be successfully opened with the provided key, it is - necessary to perform some operation on the database (i.e. read from - it) and confirm it is success. - - The easiest way to do this is select off the sqlite_master table, - which will attempt to read the first page of the database and will - parse the schema. - - @param sqlcipher_file: The path for the SQLCipher file. - @type sqlcipher_file: str - @param key: The key that protects the SQLCipher db. - @type key: str - @param raw_key: Whether C{key} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - """ - try: - # try to open an encrypted database with the regular u1db - # backend should raise a DatabaseError exception. - sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(sqlcipher_file) - raise DatabaseIsNotEncrypted() - except dbapi2.DatabaseError: - # assert that we can access it using SQLCipher with the given - # key - db_handle = dbapi2.connect(sqlcipher_file) - cls._set_crypto_pragmas( - db_handle, key, raw_key, cipher, kdf_iter, cipher_page_size) - db_handle.cursor().execute('SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master') - - @classmethod - def _set_crypto_pragmas(cls, db_handle, key, raw_key, cipher, kdf_iter, - cipher_page_size): - """ - Set cryptographic params (key, cipher, KDF number of iterations and - cipher page size). - """ - cls._pragma_key(db_handle, key, raw_key) - cls._pragma_cipher(db_handle, cipher) - cls._pragma_kdf_iter(db_handle, kdf_iter) - cls._pragma_cipher_page_size(db_handle, cipher_page_size) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_key(cls, db_handle, key, raw_key): - """ - Set the C{key} for use with the database. - - The process of creating a new, encrypted database is called 'keying' - the database. SQLCipher uses just-in-time key derivation at the point - it is first needed for an operation. This means that the key (and any - options) must be set before the first operation on the database. As - soon as the database is touched (e.g. SELECT, CREATE TABLE, UPDATE, - etc.) and pages need to be read or written, the key is prepared for - use. - - Implementation Notes: - - * PRAGMA key should generally be called as the first operation on a - database. - - @param key: The key for use with the database. - @type key: str - @param raw_key: Whether C{key} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - """ - if raw_key: - cls._pragma_key_raw(db_handle, key) - else: - cls._pragma_key_passphrase(db_handle, key) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_key_passphrase(cls, db_handle, passphrase): - """ - Set a passphrase for encryption key derivation. - - The key itself can be a passphrase, which is converted to a key using - PBKDF2 key derivation. The result is used as the encryption key for - the database. By using this method, there is no way to alter the KDF; - if you want to do so you should use a raw key instead and derive the - key using your own KDF. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param passphrase: The passphrase used to derive the encryption key. - @type passphrase: str - """ - db_handle.cursor().execute("PRAGMA key = '%s'" % passphrase) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_key_raw(cls, db_handle, key): - """ - Set a raw hexadecimal encryption key. - - It is possible to specify an exact byte sequence using a blob literal. - With this method, it is the calling application's responsibility to - ensure that the data provided is a 64 character hex string, which will - be converted directly to 32 bytes (256 bits) of key data. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param key: A 64 character hex string. - @type key: str - """ - if not all(c in string.hexdigits for c in key): - raise NotAnHexString(key) - db_handle.cursor().execute('PRAGMA key = "x\'%s"' % key) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_cipher(cls, db_handle, cipher='aes-256-cbc'): - """ - Set the cipher and mode to use for symmetric encryption. - - SQLCipher uses aes-256-cbc as the default cipher and mode of - operation. It is possible to change this, though not generally - recommended, using PRAGMA cipher. - - SQLCipher makes direct use of libssl, so all cipher options available - to libssl are also available for use with SQLCipher. See `man enc` for - OpenSSL's supported ciphers. - - Implementation Notes: - - * PRAGMA cipher must be called after PRAGMA key and before the first - actual database operation or it will have no effect. - - * If a non-default value is used PRAGMA cipher to create a database, - it must also be called every time that database is opened. - - * SQLCipher does not implement its own encryption. Instead it uses the - widely available and peer-reviewed OpenSSL libcrypto for all - cryptographic functions. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param cipher: The cipher and mode to use. - @type cipher: str - """ - db_handle.cursor().execute("PRAGMA cipher = '%s'" % cipher) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_kdf_iter(cls, db_handle, kdf_iter=4000): - """ - Set the number of iterations for the key derivation function. - - SQLCipher uses PBKDF2 key derivation to strengthen the key and make it - resistent to brute force and dictionary attacks. The default - configuration uses 4000 PBKDF2 iterations (effectively 16,000 SHA1 - operations). PRAGMA kdf_iter can be used to increase or decrease the - number of iterations used. - - Implementation Notes: - - * PRAGMA kdf_iter must be called after PRAGMA key and before the first - actual database operation or it will have no effect. - - * If a non-default value is used PRAGMA kdf_iter to create a database, - it must also be called every time that database is opened. - - * It is not recommended to reduce the number of iterations if a - passphrase is in use. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param kdf_iter: The number of iterations to use. - @type kdf_iter: int - """ - db_handle.cursor().execute("PRAGMA kdf_iter = '%d'" % kdf_iter) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_cipher_page_size(cls, db_handle, cipher_page_size=1024): - """ - Set the page size of the encrypted database. - - SQLCipher 2 introduced the new PRAGMA cipher_page_size that can be - used to adjust the page size for the encrypted database. The default - page size is 1024 bytes, but it can be desirable for some applications - to use a larger page size for increased performance. For instance, - some recent testing shows that increasing the page size can noticeably - improve performance (5-30%) for certain queries that manipulate a - large number of pages (e.g. selects without an index, large inserts in - a transaction, big deletes). - - To adjust the page size, call the pragma immediately after setting the - key for the first time and each subsequent time that you open the - database. - - Implementation Notes: - - * PRAGMA cipher_page_size must be called after PRAGMA key and before - the first actual database operation or it will have no effect. - - * If a non-default value is used PRAGMA cipher_page_size to create a - database, it must also be called every time that database is opened. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param cipher_page_size: The page size. - @type cipher_page_size: int - """ - db_handle.cursor().execute( - "PRAGMA cipher_page_size = '%d'" % cipher_page_size) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_rekey(cls, db_handle, new_key, raw_key): - """ - Change the key of an existing encrypted database. - - To change the key on an existing encrypted database, it must first be - unlocked with the current encryption key. Once the database is - readable and writeable, PRAGMA rekey can be used to re-encrypt every - page in the database with a new key. - - * PRAGMA rekey must be called after PRAGMA key. It can be called at any - time once the database is readable. - - * PRAGMA rekey can not be used to encrypted a standard SQLite - database! It is only useful for changing the key on an existing - database. - - * Previous versions of SQLCipher provided a PRAGMA rekey_cipher and - code>PRAGMA rekey_kdf_iter. These are deprecated and should not be - used. Instead, use sqlcipher_export(). - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param new_key: The new key. - @type new_key: str - @param raw_key: Whether C{password} is a raw 64-char hex string or a - passphrase that should be hashed to obtain the encyrption key. - @type raw_key: bool - """ - if raw_key: - cls._pragma_rekey_raw(db_handle, key) - else: - cls._pragma_rekey_passphrase(db_handle, key) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_rekey_passphrase(cls, db_handle, passphrase): - """ - Change the passphrase for encryption key derivation. - - The key itself can be a passphrase, which is converted to a key using - PBKDF2 key derivation. The result is used as the encryption key for - the database. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param passphrase: The passphrase used to derive the encryption key. - @type passphrase: str - """ - db_handle.cursor().execute("PRAGMA rekey = '%s'" % passphrase) - - @classmethod - def _pragma_rekey_raw(cls, db_handle, key): - """ - Change the raw hexadecimal encryption key. - - It is possible to specify an exact byte sequence using a blob literal. - With this method, it is the calling application's responsibility to - ensure that the data provided is a 64 character hex string, which will - be converted directly to 32 bytes (256 bits) of key data. - - @param db_handle: A handle to the SQLCipher database. - @type db_handle: pysqlcipher.Connection - @param key: A 64 character hex string. - @type key: str - """ - if not all(c in string.hexdigits for c in key): - raise NotAnHexString(key) - db_handle.cursor().execute('PRAGMA rekey = "x\'%s"' % passphrase) - - -sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.register_implementation(SQLCipherDatabase) |