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# urllib3/util.py
# Copyright 2008-2012 Andrey Petrov and contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.txt)
#
# This module is part of urllib3 and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
from base64 import b64encode
from collections import namedtuple
from socket import error as SocketError
try:
from select import poll, POLLIN
except ImportError: # `poll` doesn't exist on OSX and other platforms
poll = False
try:
from select import select
except ImportError: # `select` doesn't exist on AppEngine.
select = False
from .packages import six
from .exceptions import LocationParseError
class Url(namedtuple('Url', ['scheme', 'auth', 'host', 'port', 'path', 'query', 'fragment'])):
"""
Datastructure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
:func:`parse_url`.
"""
slots = ()
def __new__(cls, scheme=None, auth=None, host=None, port=None, path=None, query=None, fragment=None):
return super(Url, cls).__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
@property
def hostname(self):
"""For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
return self.host
@property
def request_uri(self):
"""Absolute path including the query string."""
uri = self.path or '/'
if self.query is not None:
uri += '?' + self.query
return uri
def split_first(s, delims):
"""
Given a string and an iterable of delimiters, split on the first found
delimiter. Return two split parts and the matched delimiter.
If not found, then the first part is the full input string.
Example: ::
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '?/=')
('foo', 'bar?baz', '/')
>>> split_first('foo/bar?baz', '123')
('foo/bar?baz', '', None)
Scales linearly with number of delims. Not ideal for large number of delims.
"""
min_idx = None
min_delim = None
for d in delims:
idx = s.find(d)
if idx < 0:
continue
if min_idx is None or idx < min_idx:
min_idx = idx
min_delim = d
if min_idx is None or min_idx < 0:
return s, '', None
return s[:min_idx], s[min_idx+1:], min_delim
def parse_url(url):
"""
Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urlparse`.
Example: ::
>>> parse_url('http://google.com/mail/')
Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/', ...)
>>> prase_url('google.com:80')
Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
>>> prase_url('/foo?bar')
Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
"""
# While this code has overlap with stdlib's urlparse, it is much
# simplified for our needs and less annoying.
# Additionally, this imeplementations does silly things to be optimal
# on CPython.
scheme = None
auth = None
host = None
port = None
path = None
fragment = None
query = None
# Scheme
if '://' in url:
scheme, url = url.split('://', 1)
# Find the earliest Authority Terminator
# (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-3.2)
url, path_, delim = split_first(url, ['/', '?', '#'])
if delim:
# Reassemble the path
path = delim + path_
# Auth
if '@' in url:
auth, url = url.split('@', 1)
# IPv6
if url and url[0] == '[':
host, url = url[1:].split(']', 1)
# Port
if ':' in url:
_host, port = url.split(':', 1)
if not host:
host = _host
if not port.isdigit():
raise LocationParseError("Failed to parse: %s" % url)
port = int(port)
elif not host and url:
host = url
if not path:
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
# Fragment
if '#' in path:
path, fragment = path.split('#', 1)
# Query
if '?' in path:
path, query = path.split('?', 1)
return Url(scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
def get_host(url):
"""
Deprecated. Use :func:`.parse_url` instead.
"""
p = parse_url(url)
return p.scheme or 'http', p.hostname, p.port
def make_headers(keep_alive=None, accept_encoding=None, user_agent=None,
basic_auth=None):
"""
Shortcuts for generating request headers.
:param keep_alive:
If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
:param accept_encoding:
Can be a boolean, list, or string.
``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'.
List will get joined by comma.
String will be used as provided.
:param user_agent:
String representing the user-agent you want, such as
"python-urllib3/0.6"
:param basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
Example: ::
>>> make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0")
{'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
>>> make_headers(accept_encoding=True)
{'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
"""
headers = {}
if accept_encoding:
if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
pass
elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
accept_encoding = ','.join(accept_encoding)
else:
accept_encoding = 'gzip,deflate'
headers['accept-encoding'] = accept_encoding
if user_agent:
headers['user-agent'] = user_agent
if keep_alive:
headers['connection'] = 'keep-alive'
if basic_auth:
headers['authorization'] = 'Basic ' + \
b64encode(six.b(basic_auth)).decode('utf-8')
return headers
def is_connection_dropped(conn):
"""
Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
:param conn:
:class:`httplib.HTTPConnection` object.
Note: For platforms like AppEngine, this will always return ``False`` to
let the platform handle connection recycling transparently for us.
"""
sock = getattr(conn, 'sock', False)
if not sock: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
if not poll: # Platform-specific
if not select: # Platform-specific: AppEngine
return False
try:
return select([sock], [], [], 0.0)[0]
except SocketError:
return True
# This version is better on platforms that support it.
p = poll()
p.register(sock, POLLIN)
for (fno, ev) in p.poll(0.0):
if fno == sock.fileno():
# Either data is buffered (bad), or the connection is dropped.
return True
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