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#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
A pure python ping implementation using raw socket.
Note that ICMP messages can only be sent from processes running as root.
Derived from ping.c distributed in Linux's netkit. That code is
copyright (c) 1989 by The Regents of the University of California.
That code is in turn derived from code written by Mike Muuss of the
US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory in December, 1983 and
placed in the public domain. They have my thanks.
Bugs are naturally mine. I'd be glad to hear about them. There are
certainly word - size dependenceies here.
Copyright (c) Matthew Dixon Cowles, <http://www.visi.com/~mdc/>.
Distributable under the terms of the GNU General Public License
version 2. Provided with no warranties of any sort.
Original Version from Matthew Dixon Cowles:
-> ftp://ftp.visi.com/users/mdc/ping.py
Rewrite by Jens Diemer:
-> http://www.python-forum.de/post-69122.html#69122
Rewrite by George Notaras:
-> http://www.g-loaded.eu/2009/10/30/python-ping/
Fork by Pierre Bourdon:
-> http://bitbucket.org/delroth/python-ping/
Revision history
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
November 22, 1997
-----------------
Initial hack. Doesn't do much, but rather than try to guess
what features I (or others) will want in the future, I've only
put in what I need now.
December 16, 1997
-----------------
For some reason, the checksum bytes are in the wrong order when
this is run under Solaris 2.X for SPARC but it works right under
Linux x86. Since I don't know just what's wrong, I'll swap the
bytes always and then do an htons().
December 4, 2000
----------------
Changed the struct.pack() calls to pack the checksum and ID as
unsigned. My thanks to Jerome Poincheval for the fix.
May 30, 2007
------------
little rewrite by Jens Diemer:
- change socket asterisk import to a normal import
- replace time.time() with time.clock()
- delete "return None" (or change to "return" only)
- in checksum() rename "str" to "source_string"
November 8, 2009
----------------
Improved compatibility with GNU/Linux systems.
Fixes by:
* George Notaras -- http://www.g-loaded.eu
Reported by:
* Chris Hallman -- http://cdhallman.blogspot.com
Changes in this release:
- Re-use time.time() instead of time.clock(). The 2007 implementation
worked only under Microsoft Windows. Failed on GNU/Linux.
time.clock() behaves differently under the two OSes[1].
[1] http://docs.python.org/library/time.html#time.clock
September 25, 2010
------------------
Little modifications by Georgi Kolev:
- Added quiet_ping function.
- returns percent lost packages, max round trip time, avrg round trip
time
- Added packet size to verbose_ping & quiet_ping functions.
- Bump up version to 0.2
"""
__version__ = "0.2"
import os
import select
import socket
import struct
import sys
import time
# From /usr/include/linux/icmp.h; your milage may vary.
ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST = 8 # Seems to be the same on Solaris.
def checksum(source_string):
"""
I'm not too confident that this is right but testing seems
to suggest that it gives the same answers as in_cksum in ping.c
"""
sum = 0
count_to = (len(source_string) / 2) * 2
for count in xrange(0, count_to, 2):
this = ord(source_string[count + 1]) * 256 + ord(source_string[count])
sum = sum + this
sum = sum & 0xffffffff # Necessary?
if count_to < len(source_string):
sum = sum + ord(source_string[len(source_string) - 1])
sum = sum & 0xffffffff # Necessary?
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff)
sum = sum + (sum >> 16)
answer = ~sum
answer = answer & 0xffff
# Swap bytes. Bugger me if I know why.
answer = answer >> 8 | (answer << 8 & 0xff00)
return answer
def receive_one_ping(my_socket, id, timeout):
"""
Receive the ping from the socket.
"""
time_left = timeout
while True:
started_select = time.time()
what_ready = select.select([my_socket], [], [], time_left)
how_long_in_select = (time.time() - started_select)
if what_ready[0] == []: # Timeout
return
time_received = time.time()
received_packet, addr = my_socket.recvfrom(1024)
icmpHeader = received_packet[20:28]
type, code, checksum, packet_id, sequence = struct.unpack(
"bbHHh", icmpHeader
)
if packet_id == id:
bytes = struct.calcsize("d")
time_sent = struct.unpack("d", received_packet[28:28 + bytes])[0]
return time_received - time_sent
time_left = time_left - how_long_in_select
if time_left <= 0:
return
def send_one_ping(my_socket, dest_addr, id, psize):
"""
Send one ping to the given >dest_addr<.
"""
dest_addr = socket.gethostbyname(dest_addr)
# Remove header size from packet size
psize = psize - 8
# Header is type (8), code (8), checksum (16), id (16), sequence (16)
my_checksum = 0
# Make a dummy heder with a 0 checksum.
header = struct.pack("bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, my_checksum, id, 1)
bytes = struct.calcsize("d")
data = (psize - bytes) * "Q"
data = struct.pack("d", time.time()) + data
# Calculate the checksum on the data and the dummy header.
my_checksum = checksum(header + data)
# Now that we have the right checksum, we put that in. It's just easier
# to make up a new header than to stuff it into the dummy.
header = struct.pack(
"bbHHh", ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST, 0, socket.htons(my_checksum), id, 1
)
packet = header + data
my_socket.sendto(packet, (dest_addr, 1)) # Don't know about the 1
def do_one(dest_addr, timeout, psize):
"""
Returns either the delay (in seconds) or none on timeout.
"""
icmp = socket.getprotobyname("icmp")
try:
my_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_RAW, icmp)
except socket.error, (errno, msg):
if errno == 1:
# Operation not permitted
msg = msg + (
" - Note that ICMP messages can only be sent from processes"
" running as root."
)
raise socket.error(msg)
raise # raise the original error
my_id = os.getpid() & 0xFFFF
send_one_ping(my_socket, dest_addr, my_id, psize)
delay = receive_one_ping(my_socket, my_id, timeout)
my_socket.close()
return delay
def verbose_ping(dest_addr, timeout = 2, count = 4, psize = 64):
"""
Send `count' ping with `psize' size to `dest_addr' with
the given `timeout' and display the result.
"""
for i in xrange(count):
print "ping %s with ..." % dest_addr,
try:
delay = do_one(dest_addr, timeout, psize)
except socket.gaierror, e:
print "failed. (socket error: '%s')" % e[1]
break
if delay == None:
print "failed. (timeout within %ssec.)" % timeout
else:
delay = delay * 1000
print "get ping in %0.4fms" % delay
print
def quiet_ping(dest_addr, timeout = 2, count = 4, psize = 64):
"""
Send `count' ping with `psize' size to `dest_addr' with
the given `timeout' and display the result.
Returns `percent' lost packages, `max' round trip time
and `avrg' round trip time.
"""
mrtt = None
artt = None
lost = 0
plist = []
for i in xrange(count):
try:
delay = do_one(dest_addr, timeout, psize)
except socket.gaierror, e:
print "failed. (socket error: '%s')" % e[1]
break
if delay != None:
delay = delay * 1000
plist.append(delay)
# Find lost package percent
percent_lost = 100 - (len(plist) * 100 / count)
# Find max and avg round trip time
if plist:
mrtt = max(plist)
artt = sum(plist) / len(plist)
return percent_lost, mrtt, artt
if __name__ == '__main__':
verbose_ping("heise.de")
verbose_ping("google.com")
verbose_ping("a-test-url-taht-is-not-available.com")
verbose_ping("192.168.1.1")
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