[test] add speed tests for gpg/wrapper init/enc/dec

this is a port of commit 2d9bec78f in the legacy keymanager repo.

Additionally, I'm here separating benchmarking tests from the main tox
run.

In my machine several of these benchmarking tests seem to be broken, due
to issue https://github.com/isislovecruft/python-gnupg/issues/157

5 files changed, 685 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/bench/keymanager/Makefile b/bench/keymanager/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a3db77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/keymanager/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# This makefile is currently intended to make it easy to generate the
+# benchmarking graphs.
+
+RESULTS_FILE = tests/results.json
+GRAPH_PREFIX = benchmark
+
+GRAPH_FILE = $(GRAPH_PREFIX)-test_gpg_init.svg
+
+all: $(GRAPH_FILE)
+
+#
+# rules for generating one graph with the results of all speed tests
+#
+
+$(RESULTS_FILE):
+	tox -v test_gpg_speed.py -- -v --pdb -s \
+	    --benchmark-max-time=2.0 \
+	    --benchmark-json=$(subst tests/,,$@)
+
+$(GRAPH_FILE): $(RESULTS_FILE)
+	py.test-benchmark compare $< --histogram $(GRAPH_PREFIX)
+
+
+#
+# rule for generating one graph for each graph
+#
+
+test:
+	tox -v test_gpg_speed.py -- -v --pdb -s \
+	    --benchmark-histogram=gpg_speed \
+	    --benchmark-storage=./graphs/ \
+	    --benchmark-save=keymanager_gpg_speed \
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(RESULTS_FILE) $(GRAPH_PREFIX)*.svg
+
+.PHONY: all test graph
diff --git a/bench/keymanager/TODO b/bench/keymanager/TODO
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f596a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/keymanager/TODO
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+- tune test params (max time, number of iterations, etc)
diff --git a/bench/keymanager/common.py b/bench/keymanager/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e906fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/keymanager/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+ADDRESS = 'leap@leap.se'
+ADDRESS_2 = 'anotheruser@leap.se'
+
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+ZNOp24BlFzRp+FCF/pptDW9HjPdiV09x0DgICmeZS4Gq/4vFFIahWctg52NGebT0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+=JTFu
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+
+# key 7FEE575A: public key "anotheruser <anotheruser@leap.se>"
+KEY_FINGERPRINT_2 = "F6E2B572ADB84EA58BD2E9A57F9DFA687FEE575A"
+PUBLIC_KEY_2 = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+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=
+=Thdu
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+
+PRIVATE_KEY_2 = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+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+=a5gs
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
diff --git a/bench/keymanager/conftest.py b/bench/keymanager/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7d8b50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/keymanager/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# conftest.py
+# Copyright (C) 2016 LEAP Encryption Acess Project
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""
+Fixtures for the benchmarks for leap.bitmask.keymanager
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from leap.bitmask.keymanager.keys import build_key_from_dict
+from leap.bitmask.keymanager.wrapper import TempGPGWrapper
+
+from common import ADDRESS
+from common import KEY_FINGERPRINT
+from common import PUBLIC_KEY
+from common import PRIVATE_KEY
+from common import ADDRESS_2
+from common import KEY_FINGERPRINT_2
+from common import PUBLIC_KEY_2
+from common import PRIVATE_KEY_2
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def wrapper(keys=None):
+    return TempGPGWrapper(keys=keys)
+
+
+def _get_key(address, key_fingerprint, key_data, private):
+    kdict = {
+        'uids': [address],
+        'fingerprint': key_fingerprint,
+        'key_data': key_data,
+        'private': private,
+        'length': 4096,
+        'expiry_date': 0,
+        'refreshed_at': 1311239602,
+    }
+    key = build_key_from_dict(kdict)
+    return key
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def public_key():
+    return _get_key(ADDRESS, KEY_FINGERPRINT, PUBLIC_KEY, False)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def public_key_2():
+    return _get_key(ADDRESS_2, KEY_FINGERPRINT_2, PUBLIC_KEY_2, False)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def openpgp_keys():
+    return [
+        _get_key(ADDRESS, KEY_FINGERPRINT, PUBLIC_KEY, False),
+        _get_key(ADDRESS_2, KEY_FINGERPRINT_2, PUBLIC_KEY_2, False),
+        _get_key(ADDRESS, KEY_FINGERPRINT, PRIVATE_KEY, True),
+        _get_key(ADDRESS_2, KEY_FINGERPRINT_2, PRIVATE_KEY_2, True),
+    ]
diff --git a/bench/keymanager/test_openpgp_speed.py b/bench/keymanager/test_openpgp_speed.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3368f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bench/keymanager/test_openpgp_speed.py
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# test_opengpg_speed.py
+# Copyright (C) 2016 LEAP Encryption Acess Project
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""
+Benchmarking for the leap.bitmask.keymanager.openpgp module
+"""
+
+import commands
+import pytest
+
+from functools import partial
+
+from gnupg import GPG
+from leap.bitmask.keymanager.wrapper import TempGPGWrapper
+
+from common import CIPHERTEXT
+from common import SIGNEDTEXT
+
+
+GROUP_INIT = 'initialization only'
+GROUP_CRYPTO = 'crypto only'
+GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO = 'initialization and crypto'
+
+
+# the gnupg module gets the binary version each time the GPG object is
+# initialized. In some platforms this takes hundreds of milliseconds, and
+# sometimes more than a second. This is currently a known bug. For making it
+# evident, we provide a way to bypass the version check by monkeypatching the
+# actual function that does the job.
+
+def get_gpg_version():
+    output = commands.getoutput(
+        'gpg --list-config --with-colons | grep version')
+    version = output.split(':').pop()
+    return version
+
+
+GPG_VERSION = get_gpg_version()
+
+
+def mock_gpg_get_version(monkeypatch):
+    def _setver(self):
+        self.binary_version = GPG_VERSION
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        GPG, '_check_sane_and_get_gpg_version', _setver)
+
+
+#
+# generic speed test creator
+#
+
+def create_test(fun, num_keys=0, mock_get_version=True, init=None, group=None):
+
+    @pytest.mark.benchmark(group=group)
+    def test(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch):
+
+        if mock_get_version:
+            mock_gpg_get_version(monkeypatch)
+
+        if init:
+            res = init(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, num_keys)
+            benchmark(fun, res)
+        else:
+            benchmark(
+                fun, tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, num_keys)
+
+    return test
+
+
+#
+# gpg initializarion: 0, 1 and 2 keys
+#
+
+def gpg_init_only(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, num_keys):
+    keys = openpgp_keys[0:num_keys]
+    gpg = GPG(homedir=tmpdir.dirname)
+    for key in keys:
+        gpg.import_keys(key.key_data)
+
+
+test_gpg_init_nokey_slow = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=0,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_gpg_init_1key_slow = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=1,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_gpg_init_2keys_slow = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=2,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+
+test_gpg_init_nokey = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=0,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_gpg_init_1key = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=1,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_gpg_init_2keys = create_test(
+    gpg_init_only, num_keys=2,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+
+
+#
+# wrapper initialization: 0, 1 and 2 keys
+#
+
+def wrapper_init_only(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, num_keys):
+    keys = openpgp_keys[0:num_keys]
+    wrapper = TempGPGWrapper(keys=keys)
+    with wrapper as gpg:
+        assert GPG == type(gpg)
+
+
+test_wrapper_init_nokey_slow = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=0,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_wrapper_init_1key_slow = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=1,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_wrapper_init_2keys_slow = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=2,
+    mock_get_version=False,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+
+test_wrapper_init_nokey = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=0,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_wrapper_init_1key = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=1,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+test_wrapper_init_2keys = create_test(
+    wrapper_init_only, num_keys=2,
+    group=GROUP_INIT)
+
+
+#
+# initialization + encryption
+#
+
+PLAINTEXT = ' ' * 10000  # 10 KB
+
+
+def gpg_init_exec(fun, tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, _):
+    pubkey = openpgp_keys[0]
+    privkey = openpgp_keys[2]  # this is PRIVATE_KEY
+    gpg = GPG(homedir=tmpdir.dirname)
+    gpg.import_keys(pubkey.key_data)
+    gpg.import_keys(privkey.key_data)
+    fun((gpg, pubkey, privkey))
+
+
+def wrapper_init_exec(fun, tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, _):
+    pubkey = openpgp_keys[0]
+    privkey = openpgp_keys[2]
+    wrapper = TempGPGWrapper(keys=[pubkey, privkey])
+    wrapper._build_keyring()
+    fun((wrapper._gpg, pubkey, privkey))
+
+
+def gpg_enc(res):
+    gpg, pubkey, _ = res
+    ciphertext = gpg.encrypt(PLAINTEXT, pubkey.fingerprint)
+    assert ciphertext.ok
+    assert len(ciphertext.data)
+
+
+test_gpg_init_enc = create_test(
+    partial(gpg_init_exec, gpg_enc),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_init_enc = create_test(
+    partial(wrapper_init_exec, gpg_enc),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# initialization + decryption
+#
+
+def gpg_dec(res):
+    gpg, _, _ = res
+    plaintext = gpg.decrypt(CIPHERTEXT)
+    assert plaintext.ok
+    assert len(plaintext.data)
+
+
+test_gpg_init_dec = create_test(
+    partial(gpg_init_exec, gpg_dec),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_init_dec = create_test(
+    partial(wrapper_init_exec, gpg_dec),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# initialization + sign
+#
+
+def gpg_sign(res):
+    gpg, _, privkey = res
+    gpg.import_keys(privkey.key_data)
+    signed = gpg.sign(PLAINTEXT, default_key=privkey.fingerprint)
+    assert signed.status == 'begin signing'
+    assert len(signed.data) > len(PLAINTEXT)
+    assert '-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----' in signed.data
+    assert '-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----' in signed.data
+
+
+test_gpg_init_sign = create_test(
+    partial(gpg_init_exec, gpg_sign),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_init_sign = create_test(
+    partial(wrapper_init_exec, gpg_sign),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# initialization + verify
+#
+
+def gpg_verify(res):
+    gpg, _, privkey = res
+    signed = gpg.verify(SIGNEDTEXT)
+    assert signed.valid
+
+
+test_gpg_init_verify = create_test(
+    partial(gpg_init_exec, gpg_verify),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_init_verify = create_test(
+    partial(wrapper_init_exec, gpg_verify),
+    group=GROUP_INIT_AND_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# encryption only
+#
+
+def gpg_init(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, _):
+    pubkey = openpgp_keys[0]
+    privkey = openpgp_keys[2]  # this is PRIVATE_KEY
+    gpg = GPG(homedir=tmpdir.dirname)
+    gpg.import_keys(pubkey.key_data)
+    gpg.import_keys(privkey.key_data)
+    return gpg, pubkey, privkey
+
+
+def wrapper_init(tmpdir, benchmark, openpgp_keys, monkeypatch, _):
+    pubkey = openpgp_keys[0]
+    privkey = openpgp_keys[2]
+    wrapper = TempGPGWrapper(keys=[pubkey, privkey])
+    wrapper._build_keyring()
+    return wrapper._gpg, pubkey, privkey
+
+
+test_gpg_enc = create_test(
+    gpg_enc, init=gpg_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_enc = create_test(
+    gpg_enc, init=wrapper_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# decryption only
+#
+
+test_gpg_dec = create_test(
+    gpg_dec,
+    init=gpg_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_dec = create_test(
+    gpg_dec,
+    init=wrapper_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# sign only
+#
+
+test_gpg_sign = create_test(
+    gpg_sign, init=gpg_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_sign = create_test(
+    gpg_sign, init=wrapper_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+
+
+#
+# verify only
+#
+
+test_gpg_verify = create_test(
+    gpg_verify, init=gpg_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)
+test_wrapper_verify = create_test(
+    gpg_verify, init=wrapper_init, group=GROUP_CRYPTO)