summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/lib/leap_cli/commands/ca.rb
blob: 7c6fc4d974861a247b51784711e4fcac03381c43 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
require 'openssl'
require 'certificate_authority'
require 'date'
require 'digest/md5'

module LeapCli; module Commands

  desc "Manage X.509 certificates"
  command :cert do |cert|

    cert.desc 'Creates two Certificate Authorities (one for validating servers and one for validating clients).'
    cert.command :ca do |ca|
      ca.action do |global_options,options,args|
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.name'
        generate_new_certificate_authority(:ca_key, :ca_cert, provider.ca.name)
        generate_new_certificate_authority(:client_ca_key, :client_ca_cert, provider.ca.name + ' (client certificates only!)')
      end
    end

    cert.desc 'Creates or renews a X.509 certificate/key pair for a single node or all nodes, but only if needed'
    cert.long_desc 'This command will a generate new certificate for a node if some value in the node has changed ' +
                   'that is included in the certificate (like hostname or IP address), or if the old certificate will be expiring soon. ' +
                   'Sometimes, you might want to force the generation of a new certificate, ' +
                   'such as in the cases where you have changed a CA parameter for server certificates, like bit size or digest hash. ' +
                   'In this case, use --force. If <node-filter> is empty, this command will apply to all nodes.'
    cert.arg_name '<node-filter>'
    cert.command :update do |update|
      update.switch 'force', :desc => 'Always generate new certificates', :negatable => false
      update.action do |global_options,options,args|
        assert_files_exist! :ca_cert, :ca_key, :msg => 'Run `leap cert ca` to create them'
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size'
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.digest'
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.life_span'
        assert_config! 'common.x509.use'

        nodes = manager.filter!(args)
        nodes.each_node do |node|
          if options[:force] || cert_needs_updating?(node)
            generate_cert_for_node(node)
          elsif !node.x509.use
            remove_file!([:node_x509_key, node.name])
            remove_file!([:node_x509_cert, node.name])
          end
        end
      end
    end

    cert.desc 'Creates a Diffie-Hellman parameter file' # (needed for server-side of some TLS connections)
    cert.command :dh do |dh|
      dh.action do |global_options,options,args|
        long_running do
          if cmd_exists?('certtool')
            log 0, 'Generating DH parameters (takes a long time)...'
            output = assert_run!('certtool --generate-dh-params --sec-param high')
            output.sub! /.*(-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----.*-----END DH PARAMETERS-----).*/m, '\1'
            output << "\n"
            write_file!(:dh_params, output)
          else
            log 0, 'Generating DH parameters (takes a REALLY long time)...'
            output = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.generate(3248).to_pem
            write_file!(:dh_params, output)
          end
        end
      end
    end

    #
    # hints:
    #
    # inspect CSR:
    #   openssl req -noout -text -in files/cert/x.csr
    #
    # generate CSR with openssl to see how it compares:
    #   openssl req -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout example.key -out example.csr
    #
    # validate a CSR:
    #   http://certlogik.com/decoder/
    #
    # nice details about CSRs:
    #   http://www.redkestrel.co.uk/Articles/CSR.html
    #
    cert.desc 'Creates a CSR for use in buying a commercial X.509 certificate'
    cert.command :csr do |csr|
      #c.switch 'sign', :desc => 'additionally creates a cert that is signed by your own CA (recommended only for testing)', :negatable => false
      csr.action do |global_options,options,args|
        assert_config! 'provider.domain'
        assert_config! 'provider.name'
        assert_config! 'provider.default_language'
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size'
        assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.digest'
        assert_files_missing! [:commercial_key, provider.domain], [:commercial_csr, provider.domain], :msg => 'If you really want to create a new key and CSR, remove these files first.'
        #if options[:sign]
        #  assert_files_exist! :ca_cert, :ca_key, :msg => 'Run `leap cert ca` to create them'
        #end

        # RSA key
        keypair = CertificateAuthority::MemoryKeyMaterial.new
        log :generating, "%s bit RSA key" % provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size do
          keypair.generate_key(provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size)
          write_file! [:commercial_key, provider.domain], keypair.private_key.to_pem
        end

        # CSR
        dn  = CertificateAuthority::DistinguishedName.new
        csr = CertificateAuthority::SigningRequest.new
        dn.common_name = provider.domain
        dn.organization = provider.name[provider.default_language]
        log :generating, "CSR with commonName => '%s', organization => '%s'" % [dn.common_name, dn.organization] do
          csr.distinguished_name = dn
          csr.key_material = keypair
          csr.digest = provider.ca.server_certificates.digest
          request = csr.to_x509_csr
          write_file! [:commercial_csr, provider.domain], csr.to_pem
        end

        # Sign using our own CA, for use in testing but hopefully not production.
        # It is not that commerical CAs are so secure, it is just that signing your own certs is
        # a total drag for the user because they must click through dire warnings.
        #if options[:sign]
          log :generating, "self-signed x509 server certificate for testing purposes" do
            cert = csr.to_cert
            cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(provider.domain)
            cert.not_before = yesterday
            cert.not_after  = years_from_yesterday(1)
            cert.parent = ca_root
            cert.sign! domain_test_signing_profile
            write_file! [:commercial_cert, provider.domain], cert.to_pem
            log "please replace this file with the real certificate you get from a CA using #{Path.relative_path([:commercial_csr, provider.domain])}"
          end
        #end

        # FAKE CA
        unless file_exists? :commercial_ca_cert
          log :using, "generated CA in place of commercial CA for testing purposes" do
            write_file! :commercial_ca_cert, read_file!(:ca_cert)
            log "please also replace this file with the CA cert from the commercial authority you use."
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end

  private

  def generate_new_certificate_authority(key_file, cert_file, common_name)
    assert_files_missing! key_file, cert_file
    assert_config! 'provider.ca.name'
    assert_config! 'provider.ca.bit_size'
    assert_config! 'provider.ca.life_span'

    root = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new

    # set subject
    root.subject.common_name = common_name
    possible = ['country', 'state', 'locality', 'organization', 'organizational_unit', 'email_address']
    provider.ca.keys.each do |key|
      if possible.include?(key)
        root.subject.send(key + '=', provider.ca[key])
      end
    end

    # set expiration
    root.not_before = yesterday
    root.not_after = years_from_yesterday(provider.ca.life_span.to_i)

    # generate private key
    root.serial_number.number = 1
    root.key_material.generate_key(provider.ca.bit_size)

    # sign self
    root.signing_entity = true
    root.parent = root
    root.sign!(ca_root_signing_profile)

    # save
    write_file!(key_file, root.key_material.private_key.to_pem)
    write_file!(cert_file, root.to_pem)
  end

  def cert_needs_updating?(node)
    if !file_exists?([:node_x509_cert, node.name], [:node_x509_key, node.name])
      return true
    else
      cert = load_certificate_file([:node_x509_cert, node.name])
      if cert.not_after < months_from_yesterday(1)
        log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because it will expire soon"
        return true
      end
      if cert.subject.common_name != node.domain.full
        log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because domain.full has changed"
        return true
      end
      cert.openssl_body.extensions.each do |ext|
        if ext.oid == "subjectAltName"
          ips = []
          dns_names = []
          ext.value.split(",").each do |value|
            value.strip!
            ips << $1          if value =~ /^IP Address:(.*)$/
            dns_names << $1    if value =~ /^DNS:(.*)$/
          end
          if ips.first != node.ip_address
            log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because ip_address has changed (from #{ips} to #{node.ip_address})"
            return true
          elsif dns_names != dns_names_for_node(node)
            log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because domain name aliases have changed (from #{dns_names.inspect} to #{dns_names_for_node(node).inspect})"
            return true
          end
        end
      end
    end
    return false
  end

  def generate_cert_for_node(node)
    return if node.x509.use == false

    cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new

    # set subject
    cert.subject.common_name = node.domain.full
    cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(node.domain.full)

    # set expiration
    cert.not_before = yesterday
    cert.not_after = years_from_yesterday(provider.ca.server_certificates.life_span.to_i)

    # generate key
    cert.key_material.generate_key(provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size)

    # sign
    cert.parent = ca_root
    cert.sign!(server_signing_profile(node))

    # save
    write_file!([:node_x509_key, node.name], cert.key_material.private_key.to_pem)
    write_file!([:node_x509_cert, node.name], cert.to_pem)
  end

  def generate_test_client_cert
    cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new
    cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(provider.domain)
    cert.subject.common_name = random_common_name(provider.domain)
    cert.not_before = yesterday
    cert.not_after  = years_from_yesterday(1)
    cert.key_material.generate_key(1024) # just for testing, remember!
    cert.parent = client_ca_root
    cert.sign! client_test_signing_profile
    write_file! :test_client_key, cert.key_material.private_key.to_pem
    write_file! :test_client_cert, cert.to_pem
  end

  def ca_root
    @ca_root ||= begin
      load_certificate_file(:ca_cert, :ca_key)
    end
  end

  def client_ca_root
    @client_ca_root ||= begin
      load_certificate_file(:client_ca_cert, :client_ca_key)
    end
  end

  def load_certificate_file(crt_file, key_file=nil, password=nil)
    crt = read_file!(crt_file)
    openssl_cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(crt)
    cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.from_openssl(openssl_cert)
    if key_file
      key = read_file!(key_file)
      cert.key_material.private_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(key, password)
    end
    return cert
  end

  def ca_root_signing_profile
    {
      "extensions" => {
        "basicConstraints" => {"ca" => true},
        "keyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["critical", "keyCertSign"]
        },
        "extendedKeyUsage" => {
          "usage" => []
        }
      }
    }
  end

  #
  # For keyusage, openvpn server certs can have keyEncipherment or keyAgreement.
  # Web browsers seem to break without keyEncipherment.
  # For now, I am using digitalSignature + keyEncipherment
  #
  # * digitalSignature -- for (EC)DHE cipher suites
  #   "The digitalSignature bit is asserted when the subject public key is used
  #    with a digital signature mechanism to support security services other
  #    than certificate signing (bit 5), or CRL signing (bit 6). Digital
  #    signature mechanisms are often used for entity authentication and data
  #    origin authentication with integrity."
  #
  # * keyEncipherment  ==> for plain RSA cipher suites
  #   "The keyEncipherment bit is asserted when the subject public key is used for
  #    key transport. For example, when an RSA key is to be used for key management,
  #    then this bit is set."
  #
  # * keyAgreement     ==> for used with DH, not RSA.
  #   "The keyAgreement bit is asserted when the subject public key is used for key
  #    agreement. For example, when a Diffie-Hellman key is to be used for key
  #    management, then this bit is set."
  #
  # digest options: SHA512, SHA256, SHA1
  #
  def server_signing_profile(node)
    {
      "digest" => provider.ca.server_certificates.digest,
      "extensions" => {
        "keyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["digitalSignature", "keyEncipherment"]
        },
        "extendedKeyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["serverAuth", "clientAuth"]
        },
        "subjectAltName" => {
          "ips" => [node.ip_address],
          "dns_names" => dns_names_for_node(node)
        }
      }
    }
  end

  #
  # This is used when signing the main cert for the provider's domain
  # with our own CA (for testing purposes). Typically, this cert would
  # be purchased from a commercial CA, and not signed this way.
  #
  def domain_test_signing_profile
    {
      "digest" => "SHA256",
      "extensions" => {
        "keyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["digitalSignature", "keyEncipherment"]
        },
        "extendedKeyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["serverAuth"]
        }
      }
    }
  end

  #
  # This is used when signing a dummy client certificate that is only to be
  # used for testing.
  #
  def client_test_signing_profile
    {
      "digest" => "SHA256",
      "extensions" => {
        "keyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["digitalSignature"]
        },
        "extendedKeyUsage" => {
          "usage" => ["clientAuth"]
        }
      }
    }
  end

  def dns_names_for_node(node)
    names = [node.domain.internal]
    if node['dns'] && node.dns['aliases'] && node.dns.aliases.any?
      names += node.dns.aliases
      names.compact!
    end
    names.delete(node.domain.full) # already set to common name
    return names
  end

  #
  # For cert serial numbers, we need a non-colliding number less than 160 bits.
  # md5 will do nicely, since there is no need for a secure hash, just a short one.
  # (md5 is 128 bits)
  #
  def cert_serial_number(domain_name)
    Digest::MD5.hexdigest("#{domain_name} -- #{Time.now}").to_i(16)
  end

  #
  # for the random common name, we need a text string that will be unique across all certs.
  # ruby 1.8 doesn't have a built-in uuid generator, or we would use SecureRandom.uuid
  #
  def random_common_name(domain_name)
    cert_serial_number(domain_name).to_s(36)
  end

  ##
  ## TIME HELPERS
  ##
  ## note: we use 'yesterday' instead of 'today', because times are in UTC, and some people on the planet
  ## are behind UTC.
  ##

  def yesterday
    t = Time.now - 24*24*60
    Time.utc t.year, t.month, t.day
  end

  def years_from_yesterday(num)
    t = yesterday
    Time.utc t.year + num, t.month, t.day
  end

  def months_from_yesterday(num)
    t = yesterday
    date = Date.new t.year, t.month, t.day
    date = date >> num  # >> is months in the future operator
    Time.utc date.year, date.month, date.day
  end

end; end