# 2014 January 11 # # The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of # a legal notice, here is a blessing: # # May you do good and not evil. # May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others. # May you share freely, never taking more than you give. # #*********************************************************************** # This file implements regression tests for SQLite library. The # focus of this file is testing the WITH clause. # set testdir [file dirname $argv0] source $testdir/tester.tcl set ::testprefix with1 ifcapable {!cte} { finish_test return } do_execsql_test 1.0 { CREATE TABLE t1(x INTEGER, y INTEGER); WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) SELECT 10 } {10} do_execsql_test 1.1 { SELECT * FROM ( WITH x AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) SELECT 10 ); } {10} do_execsql_test 1.2 { WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2); } {} do_execsql_test 1.3 { WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) DELETE FROM t1; } {} do_execsql_test 1.4 { WITH x(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1) UPDATE t1 SET x = y; } {} #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- do_execsql_test 2.1 { DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1; CREATE TABLE t1(x); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2); WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT x FROM tmp; } {1 2} do_execsql_test 2.2 { WITH tmp(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT a FROM tmp; } {1 2} do_execsql_test 2.3 { SELECT * FROM ( WITH tmp(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT a FROM tmp ); } {1 2} do_execsql_test 2.4 { WITH tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ), tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1) SELECT * FROM tmp2; } {1 2} do_execsql_test 2.5 { WITH tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1), tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM t1 ) SELECT * FROM tmp2; } {1 2} #------------------------------------------------------------------------- do_catchsql_test 3.1 { WITH tmp2(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp1 ), tmp1(a) AS ( SELECT * FROM tmp2 ) SELECT * FROM tmp1; } {1 {circular reference: tmp1}} do_catchsql_test 3.2 { CREATE TABLE t2(x INTEGER); WITH tmp(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t1), tmp(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t1) SELECT * FROM tmp; } {1 {duplicate WITH table name: tmp}} do_execsql_test 3.3 { CREATE TABLE t3(x); CREATE TABLE t4(x); INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('T3'); INSERT INTO t4 VALUES('T4'); WITH t3(a) AS (SELECT * FROM t4) SELECT * FROM t3; } {T4} do_execsql_test 3.4 { WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ), tmp2 AS ( WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t4 ) SELECT * FROM tmp ) SELECT * FROM tmp2; } {T4} do_execsql_test 3.5 { WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ), tmp2 AS ( WITH xxxx AS ( SELECT * FROM t4 ) SELECT * FROM tmp ) SELECT * FROM tmp2; } {T3} do_catchsql_test 3.6 { WITH tmp AS ( SELECT * FROM t3 ), SELECT * FROM tmp; } {1 {near "SELECT": syntax error}} #------------------------------------------------------------------------- do_execsql_test 4.1 { DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1; CREATE TABLE t1(x); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(3); INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(4); WITH dset AS ( SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 4 ) DELETE FROM t1 WHERE x IN dset; SELECT * FROM t1; } {1 3} do_execsql_test 4.2 { WITH iset AS ( SELECT 2 UNION ALL SELECT 4 ) INSERT INTO t1 SELECT * FROM iset; SELECT * FROM t1; } {1 3 2 4} do_execsql_test 4.3 { WITH uset(a, b) AS ( SELECT 2, 8 UNION ALL SELECT 4, 9 ) UPDATE t1 SET x = COALESCE( (SELECT b FROM uset WHERE a=x), x ); SELECT * FROM t1; } {1 3 8 9} #------------------------------------------------------------------------- # do_execsql_test 5.1 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i) SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 10; } {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10} do_catchsql_test 5.2 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i ORDER BY 1) SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 10; } {0 {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10}} do_execsql_test 5.2.1 { CREATE TABLE edge(xfrom, xto, seq, PRIMARY KEY(xfrom, xto)) WITHOUT ROWID; INSERT INTO edge VALUES(0, 1, 10); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(1, 2, 20); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(0, 3, 30); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(2, 4, 40); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 4, 40); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(2, 5, 50); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 6, 60); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(5, 7, 70); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(3, 7, 70); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(4, 8, 80); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(7, 8, 80); INSERT INTO edge VALUES(8, 9, 90); WITH RECURSIVE ancest(id, mtime) AS (VALUES(0, 0) UNION SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id ORDER BY 2 ) SELECT * FROM ancest; } {0 0 1 10 2 20 3 30 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 70 8 80 9 90} do_execsql_test 5.2.2 { WITH RECURSIVE ancest(id, mtime) AS (VALUES(0, 0) UNION ALL SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id ORDER BY 2 ) SELECT * FROM ancest; } {0 0 1 10 2 20 3 30 4 40 4 40 5 50 6 60 7 70 7 70 8 80 8 80 8 80 8 80 9 90 9 90 9 90 9 90} do_execsql_test 5.2.3 { WITH RECURSIVE ancest(id, mtime) AS (VALUES(0, 0) UNION ALL SELECT edge.xto, edge.seq FROM edge, ancest WHERE edge.xfrom=ancest.id ORDER BY 2 LIMIT 4 OFFSET 2 ) SELECT * FROM ancest; } {2 20 3 30 4 40 4 40} do_catchsql_test 5.3 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM i LIMIT 5) SELECT x FROM i; } {0 {1 2 3 4 5}} do_execsql_test 5.4 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT (x+1)%10 FROM i) SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 20; } {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0} do_execsql_test 5.5 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION SELECT (x+1)%10 FROM i) SELECT x FROM i LIMIT 20; } {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0} do_catchsql_test 5.6.1 { WITH i(x, y) AS ( VALUES(1) ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {table i has 1 values for 2 columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.2 { WITH i(x) AS ( VALUES(1,2) ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.3 { CREATE TABLE t5(a, b); WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT * FROM t5 ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.4 { WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1, 2 UNION ALL SELECT 1 ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.5 { WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT 1, 2 ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION ALL do not have the same number of result columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.6 { WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT x+1, x*2 FROM i ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {SELECTs to the left and right of UNION ALL do not have the same number of result columns}} do_catchsql_test 5.6.7 { WITH i(x) AS ( SELECT 1, 2 UNION SELECT x+1 FROM i ) SELECT * FROM i; } {1 {table i has 2 values for 1 columns}} #------------------------------------------------------------------------- # do_execsql_test 6.1 { CREATE TABLE f( id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentid REFERENCES f, name TEXT ); INSERT INTO f VALUES(0, NULL, ''); INSERT INTO f VALUES(1, 0, 'bin'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(2, 1, 'true'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(3, 1, 'false'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(4, 1, 'ls'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(5, 1, 'grep'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(6, 0, 'etc'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(7, 6, 'rc.d'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(8, 7, 'rc.apache'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(9, 7, 'rc.samba'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(10, 0, 'home'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(11, 10, 'dan'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(12, 11, 'public_html'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(13, 12, 'index.html'); INSERT INTO f VALUES(14, 13, 'logo.gif'); } do_execsql_test 6.2 { WITH flat(fid, fpath) AS ( SELECT id, '' FROM f WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, fpath || '/' || name FROM f, flat WHERE parentid=fid ) SELECT fpath FROM flat WHERE fpath!='' ORDER BY 1; } { /bin /bin/false /bin/grep /bin/ls /bin/true /etc /etc/rc.d /etc/rc.d/rc.apache /etc/rc.d/rc.samba /home /home/dan /home/dan/public_html /home/dan/public_html/index.html /home/dan/public_html/index.html/logo.gif } do_execsql_test 6.3 { WITH flat(fid, fpath) AS ( SELECT id, '' FROM f WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, fpath || '/' || name FROM f, flat WHERE parentid=fid ) SELECT count(*) FROM flat; } {15} do_execsql_test 6.4 { WITH x(i) AS ( SELECT 1 UNION ALL SELECT i+1 FROM x WHERE i<10 ) SELECT count(*) FROM x } {10} #------------------------------------------------------------------------- do_execsql_test 7.1 { CREATE TABLE tree(i, p); INSERT INTO tree VALUES(1, NULL); INSERT INTO tree VALUES(2, 1); INSERT INTO tree VALUES(3, 1); INSERT INTO tree VALUES(4, 2); INSERT INTO tree VALUES(5, 4); } do_execsql_test 7.2 { WITH t(id, path) AS ( SELECT i, '' FROM tree WHERE p IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT i, path || '/' || i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id ) SELECT path FROM t; } {{} /2 /3 /2/4 /2/4/5} do_execsql_test 7.3 { WITH t(id) AS ( VALUES(2) UNION ALL SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id ) SELECT id FROM t; } {2 4 5} do_catchsql_test 7.4 { WITH t(id) AS ( VALUES(2) UNION ALL SELECT i FROM tree WHERE p IN (SELECT id FROM t) ) SELECT id FROM t; } {1 {recursive reference in a subquery: t}} do_catchsql_test 7.5 { WITH t(id) AS ( VALUES(2) UNION ALL SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id AND p IN (SELECT id FROM t) ) SELECT id FROM t; } {1 {multiple recursive references: t}} do_catchsql_test 7.6 { WITH t(id) AS ( SELECT i FROM tree WHERE 2 IN (SELECT id FROM t) UNION ALL SELECT i FROM tree, t WHERE p = id ) SELECT id FROM t; } {1 {circular reference: t}} # Compute the mandelbrot set using a recursive query # do_execsql_test 8.1-mandelbrot { WITH RECURSIVE xaxis(x) AS (VALUES(-2.0) UNION ALL SELECT x+0.05 FROM xaxis WHERE x<1.2), yaxis(y) AS (VALUES(-1.0) UNION ALL SELECT y+0.1 FROM yaxis WHERE y<1.0), m(iter, cx, cy, x, y) AS ( SELECT 0, x, y, 0.0, 0.0 FROM xaxis, yaxis UNION ALL SELECT iter+1, cx, cy, x*x-y*y + cx, 2.0*x*y + cy FROM m WHERE (x*x + y*y) < 4.0 AND iter<28 ), m2(iter, cx, cy) AS ( SELECT max(iter), cx, cy FROM m GROUP BY cx, cy ), a(t) AS ( SELECT group_concat( substr(' .+*#', 1+min(iter/7,4), 1), '') FROM m2 GROUP BY cy ) SELECT group_concat(rtrim(t),x'0a') FROM a; } {{ ....# ..#*.. ..+####+. .......+####.... + ..##+*##########+.++++ .+.##################+. .............+###################+.+ ..++..#.....*#####################+. ...+#######++#######################. ....+*################################. #############################################... ....+*################################. ...+#######++#######################. ..++..#.....*#####################+. .............+###################+.+ .+.##################+. ..##+*##########+.++++ .......+####.... + ..+####+. ..#*.. ....# +.}} # Solve a sudoku puzzle using a recursive query # do_execsql_test 8.2-soduko { WITH RECURSIVE input(sud) AS ( VALUES('53..7....6..195....98....6.8...6...34..8.3..17...2...6.6....28....419..5....8..79') ), /* A table filled with digits 1..9, inclusive. */ digits(z, lp) AS ( VALUES('1', 1) UNION ALL SELECT CAST(lp+1 AS TEXT), lp+1 FROM digits WHERE lp<9 ), /* The tricky bit. */ x(s, ind) AS ( SELECT sud, instr(sud, '.') FROM input UNION ALL SELECT substr(s, 1, ind-1) || z || substr(s, ind+1), instr( substr(s, 1, ind-1) || z || substr(s, ind+1), '.' ) FROM x, digits AS z WHERE ind>0 AND NOT EXISTS ( SELECT 1 FROM digits AS lp WHERE z.z = substr(s, ((ind-1)/9)*9 + lp, 1) OR z.z = substr(s, ((ind-1)%9) + (lp-1)*9 + 1, 1) OR z.z = substr(s, (((ind-1)/3) % 3) * 3 + ((ind-1)/27) * 27 + lp + ((lp-1) / 3) * 6, 1) ) ) SELECT s FROM x WHERE ind=0; } {534678912672195348198342567859761423426853791713924856961537284287419635345286179} #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Some tests that use LIMIT and OFFSET in the definition of recursive CTEs. # set I [list 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20] proc limit_test {tn iLimit iOffset} { if {$iOffset < 0} { set iOffset 0 } if {$iLimit < 0 } { set result [lrange $::I $iOffset end] } else { set result [lrange $::I $iOffset [expr $iLimit+$iOffset-1]] } uplevel [list do_execsql_test $tn [subst -nocommands { WITH ii(a) AS ( VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT a+1 FROM ii WHERE a<20 LIMIT $iLimit OFFSET $iOffset ) SELECT * FROM ii }] $result] } limit_test 9.1 20 0 limit_test 9.2 0 0 limit_test 9.3 19 1 limit_test 9.4 20 -1 limit_test 9.5 5 5 limit_test 9.6 0 -1 limit_test 9.7 40 -1 limit_test 9.8 -1 -1 limit_test 9.9 -1 -1 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Test the ORDER BY clause on recursive tables. # do_execsql_test 10.1 { DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tree; CREATE TABLE tree(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentid, payload); } proc insert_into_tree {L} { db eval { DELETE FROM tree } foreach key $L { unset -nocomplain parentid foreach seg [split $key /] { if {$seg==""} continue set id [db one { SELECT id FROM tree WHERE parentid IS $parentid AND payload=$seg }] if {$id==""} { db eval { INSERT INTO tree VALUES(NULL, $parentid, $seg) } set parentid [db last_insert_rowid] } else { set parentid $id } } } } insert_into_tree { /a/a/a /a/b/c /a/b/c/d /a/b/d } do_execsql_test 10.2 { WITH flat(fid, p) AS ( SELECT id, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, p || '/' || payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid ) SELECT p FROM flat ORDER BY p; } { /a /a/a /a/a/a /a/b /a/b/c /a/b/c/d /a/b/d } # Scan the tree-structure currently stored in table tree. Return a list # of nodes visited. # proc scan_tree {bDepthFirst bReverse} { set order "ORDER BY " if {$bDepthFirst==0} { append order "2 ASC," } if {$bReverse==0} { append order " 3 ASC" } else { append order " 3 DESC" } db eval " WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS ( SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid $order ) SELECT p FROM flat; " } insert_into_tree { /a/b /a/b/c /a/d /a/d/e /a/d/f /g/h } # Breadth first, siblings in ascending order. # do_test 10.3 { scan_tree 0 0 } [list {*}{ /a /g /a/b /a/d /g/h /a/b/c /a/d/e /a/d/f }] # Depth first, siblings in ascending order. # do_test 10.4 { scan_tree 1 0 } [list {*}{ /a /a/b /a/b/c /a/d /a/d/e /a/d/f /g /g/h }] # Breadth first, siblings in descending order. # do_test 10.5 { scan_tree 0 1 } [list {*}{ /g /a /g/h /a/d /a/b /a/d/f /a/d/e /a/b/c }] # Depth first, siblings in ascending order. # do_test 10.6 { scan_tree 1 1 } [list {*}{ /g /g/h /a /a/d /a/d/f /a/d/e /a/b /a/b/c }] # Test name resolution in ORDER BY clauses. # do_catchsql_test 10.7.1 { WITH t(a) AS ( SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY a ) SELECT * FROM t } {1 {1st ORDER BY term does not match any column in the result set}} do_execsql_test 10.7.2 { WITH t(a) AS ( SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY b ) SELECT * FROM t } {1 2 3 4 5} do_execsql_test 10.7.3 { WITH t(a) AS ( SELECT 1 AS b UNION ALL SELECT a+1 AS c FROM t WHERE a<5 ORDER BY c ) SELECT * FROM t } {1 2 3 4 5} # Test COLLATE clauses attached to ORDER BY. # insert_into_tree { /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j } do_execsql_test 10.8.1 { WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS ( SELECT id, 1, '/' || payload FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, depth+1, p||'/'||payload FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid ORDER BY 2, 3 COLLATE nocase ) SELECT p FROM flat; } { /a /B /c /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j } do_execsql_test 10.8.2 { WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS ( SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload) COLLATE nocase FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload) FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid ORDER BY 2, 3 ) SELECT p FROM flat; } { /a /B /c /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j } do_execsql_test 10.8.3 { WITH flat(fid, depth, p) AS ( SELECT id, 1, ('/' || payload) FROM tree WHERE parentid IS NULL UNION ALL SELECT id, depth+1, (p||'/'||payload) COLLATE nocase FROM flat, tree WHERE parentid=fid ORDER BY 2, 3 ) SELECT p FROM flat; } { /a /B /c /a/b /a/C /a/d /B/e /B/F /B/g /c/h /c/I /c/j } do_execsql_test 10.8.4.1 { CREATE TABLE tst(a,b); INSERT INTO tst VALUES('a', 'A'); INSERT INTO tst VALUES('b', 'B'); INSERT INTO tst VALUES('c', 'C'); SELECT a COLLATE nocase FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b FROM tst ORDER BY 1; } {a A b B c C} do_execsql_test 10.8.4.2 { SELECT a FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1; } {A B C a b c} do_execsql_test 10.8.4.3 { SELECT a||'' FROM tst UNION ALL SELECT b COLLATE nocase FROM tst ORDER BY 1; } {a A b B c C} # Test cases to illustrate on the ORDER BY clause on a recursive query can be # used to control depth-first versus breath-first search in a tree. # do_execsql_test 11.1 { CREATE TABLE org( name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, boss TEXT REFERENCES org ) WITHOUT ROWID; INSERT INTO org VALUES('Alice',NULL); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Bob','Alice'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Cindy','Alice'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Dave','Bob'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Emma','Bob'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Fred','Cindy'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Gail','Cindy'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Harry','Dave'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Ingrid','Dave'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Jim','Emma'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Kate','Emma'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Lanny','Fred'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Mary','Fred'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Noland','Gail'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Olivia','Gail'); -- The above are all under Alice. Add a few more records for people -- not in Alice's group, just to prove that they won't be selected. INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xaviar',NULL); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xia','Xaviar'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xerxes','Xaviar'); INSERT INTO org VALUES('Xena','Xia'); -- Find all members of Alice's group, breath-first order WITH RECURSIVE under_alice(name,level) AS ( VALUES('Alice','0') UNION ALL SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1 FROM org, under_alice WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name ORDER BY 2 ) SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a') FROM under_alice; } {{Alice ...Bob ...Cindy ......Dave ......Emma ......Fred ......Gail .........Harry .........Ingrid .........Jim .........Kate .........Lanny .........Mary .........Noland .........Olivia}} # The previous query used "ORDER BY level" to yield a breath-first search. # Change that to "ORDER BY level DESC" for a depth-first search. # do_execsql_test 11.2 { WITH RECURSIVE under_alice(name,level) AS ( VALUES('Alice','0') UNION ALL SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1 FROM org, under_alice WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name ORDER BY 2 DESC ) SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a') FROM under_alice; } {{Alice ...Bob ......Dave .........Harry .........Ingrid ......Emma .........Jim .........Kate ...Cindy ......Fred .........Lanny .........Mary ......Gail .........Noland .........Olivia}} # Without an ORDER BY clause, the recursive query should use a FIFO, # resulting in a breath-first search. # do_execsql_test 11.3 { WITH RECURSIVE under_alice(name,level) AS ( VALUES('Alice','0') UNION ALL SELECT org.name, under_alice.level+1 FROM org, under_alice WHERE org.boss=under_alice.name ) SELECT group_concat(substr('...............',1,level*3) || name,x'0a') FROM under_alice; } {{Alice ...Bob ...Cindy ......Dave ......Emma ......Fred ......Gail .........Harry .........Ingrid .........Jim .........Kate .........Lanny .........Mary .........Noland .........Olivia}} #-------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Ticket [31a19d11b97088296ac104aaff113a9790394927] (2014-02-09) # Name resolution issue with compound SELECTs and Common Table Expressions # do_execsql_test 12.1 { WITH RECURSIVE t1(x) AS (VALUES(2) UNION ALL SELECT x+2 FROM t1 WHERE x<20), t2(y) AS (VALUES(3) UNION ALL SELECT y+3 FROM t2 WHERE y<20) SELECT x FROM t1 EXCEPT SELECT y FROM t2 ORDER BY 1; } {2 4 8 10 14 16 20} finish_test