# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# target.py
# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see .
"""
A U1DB backend for encrypting data before sending to server and decrypting
after receiving.
"""
import simplejson as json
import hashlib
import hmac
import binascii
from u1db.remote import utils
from u1db.errors import BrokenSyncStream
from u1db.remote.http_target import HTTPSyncTarget
from leap.soledad.common import soledad_assert
from leap.soledad.common.crypto import (
EncryptionSchemes,
MacMethods,
ENC_JSON_KEY,
ENC_SCHEME_KEY,
ENC_METHOD_KEY,
ENC_IV_KEY,
MAC_KEY,
MAC_METHOD_KEY,
)
from leap.soledad.common.document import SoledadDocument
from leap.soledad.client.auth import TokenBasedAuth
from leap.soledad.client.crypto import (
EncryptionMethods,
UnknownEncryptionMethod,
)
#
# Exceptions
#
class DocumentNotEncrypted(Exception):
"""
Raised for failures in document encryption.
"""
pass
class UnknownEncryptionScheme(Exception):
"""
Raised when trying to decrypt from unknown encryption schemes.
"""
pass
class UnknownMacMethod(Exception):
"""
Raised when trying to authenticate document's content with unknown MAC
mehtod.
"""
pass
class WrongMac(Exception):
"""
Raised when failing to authenticate document's contents based on MAC.
"""
#
# Crypto utilities for a SoledadDocument.
#
def mac_doc(crypto, doc_id, doc_rev, ciphertext, mac_method):
"""
Calculate a MAC for C{doc} using C{ciphertext}.
Current MAC method used is HMAC, with the following parameters:
* key: sha256(storage_secret, doc_id)
* msg: doc_id + doc_rev + ciphertext
* digestmod: sha256
:param crypto: A SoledadCryto instance used to perform the encryption.
:type crypto: leap.soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto
:param doc_id: The id of the document.
:type doc_id: str
:param doc_rev: The revision of the document.
:type doc_rev: str
:param ciphertext: The content of the document.
:type ciphertext: str
:param mac_method: The MAC method to use.
:type mac_method: str
:return: The calculated MAC.
:rtype: str
"""
if mac_method == MacMethods.HMAC:
return hmac.new(
crypto.doc_mac_key(doc_id),
str(doc_id) + str(doc_rev) + ciphertext,
hashlib.sha256).digest()
# raise if we do not know how to handle this MAC method
raise UnknownMacMethod('Unknown MAC method: %s.' % mac_method)
def encrypt_doc(crypto, doc):
"""
Encrypt C{doc}'s content.
Encrypt doc's contents using AES-256 CTR mode and return a valid JSON
string representing the following:
{
ENC_JSON_KEY: '',
ENC_SCHEME_KEY: 'symkey',
ENC_METHOD_KEY: EncryptionMethods.AES_256_CTR,
ENC_IV_KEY: '',
MAC_KEY: ''
MAC_METHOD_KEY: 'hmac'
}
:param crypto: A SoledadCryto instance used to perform the encryption.
:type crypto: leap.soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto
:param doc: The document with contents to be encrypted.
:type doc: SoledadDocument
:return: The JSON serialization of the dict representing the encrypted
content.
:rtype: str
"""
soledad_assert(doc.is_tombstone() is False)
# encrypt content using AES-256 CTR mode
iv, ciphertext = crypto.encrypt_sym(
str(doc.get_json()), # encryption/decryption routines expect str
crypto.doc_passphrase(doc.doc_id),
method=EncryptionMethods.AES_256_CTR)
# Return a representation for the encrypted content. In the following, we
# convert binary data to hexadecimal representation so the JSON
# serialization does not complain about what it tries to serialize.
hex_ciphertext = binascii.b2a_hex(ciphertext)
return json.dumps({
ENC_JSON_KEY: hex_ciphertext,
ENC_SCHEME_KEY: EncryptionSchemes.SYMKEY,
ENC_METHOD_KEY: EncryptionMethods.AES_256_CTR,
ENC_IV_KEY: iv,
MAC_KEY: binascii.b2a_hex(mac_doc( # store the mac as hex.
crypto, doc.doc_id, doc.rev,
ciphertext,
MacMethods.HMAC)),
MAC_METHOD_KEY: MacMethods.HMAC,
})
def decrypt_doc(crypto, doc):
"""
Decrypt C{doc}'s content.
Return the JSON string representation of the document's decrypted content.
The content of the document should have the following structure:
{
ENC_JSON_KEY: '',
ENC_SCHEME_KEY: '',
ENC_METHOD_KEY: '',
ENC_IV_KEY: '', # (optional)
MAC_KEY: ''
MAC_METHOD_KEY: 'hmac'
}
C{enc_blob} is the encryption of the JSON serialization of the document's
content. For now Soledad just deals with documents whose C{enc_scheme} is
EncryptionSchemes.SYMKEY and C{enc_method} is
EncryptionMethods.AES_256_CTR.
:param crypto: A SoledadCryto instance to perform the encryption.
:type crypto: leap.soledad.crypto.SoledadCrypto
:param doc: The document to be decrypted.
:type doc: SoledadDocument
:return: The JSON serialization of the decrypted content.
:rtype: str
"""
soledad_assert(doc.is_tombstone() is False)
soledad_assert(ENC_JSON_KEY in doc.content)
soledad_assert(ENC_SCHEME_KEY in doc.content)
soledad_assert(ENC_METHOD_KEY in doc.content)
soledad_assert(MAC_KEY in doc.content)
soledad_assert(MAC_METHOD_KEY in doc.content)
# verify MAC
ciphertext = binascii.a2b_hex( # content is stored as hex.
doc.content[ENC_JSON_KEY])
mac = mac_doc(
crypto, doc.doc_id, doc.rev,
ciphertext,
doc.content[MAC_METHOD_KEY])
# we compare mac's hashes to avoid possible timing attacks that might
# exploit python's builtin comparison operator behaviour, which fails
# immediatelly when non-matching bytes are found.
doc_mac_hash = hashlib.sha256(
binascii.a2b_hex( # the mac is stored as hex
doc.content[MAC_KEY])).digest()
calculated_mac_hash = hashlib.sha256(mac).digest()
if doc_mac_hash != calculated_mac_hash:
raise WrongMac('Could not authenticate document\'s contents.')
# decrypt doc's content
enc_scheme = doc.content[ENC_SCHEME_KEY]
plainjson = None
if enc_scheme == EncryptionSchemes.SYMKEY:
enc_method = doc.content[ENC_METHOD_KEY]
if enc_method == EncryptionMethods.AES_256_CTR:
soledad_assert(ENC_IV_KEY in doc.content)
plainjson = crypto.decrypt_sym(
ciphertext,
crypto.doc_passphrase(doc.doc_id),
method=enc_method,
iv=doc.content[ENC_IV_KEY])
else:
raise UnknownEncryptionMethod(enc_method)
else:
raise UnknownEncryptionScheme(enc_scheme)
return plainjson
#
# SoledadSyncTarget
#
class SoledadSyncTarget(HTTPSyncTarget, TokenBasedAuth):
"""
A SyncTarget that encrypts data before sending and decrypts data after
receiving.
"""
#
# Token auth methods.
#
def set_token_credentials(self, uuid, token):
"""
Store given credentials so we can sign the request later.
:param uuid: The user's uuid.
:type uuid: str
:param token: The authentication token.
:type token: str
"""
TokenBasedAuth.set_token_credentials(self, uuid, token)
def _sign_request(self, method, url_query, params):
"""
Return an authorization header to be included in the HTTP request.
:param method: The HTTP method.
:type method: str
:param url_query: The URL query string.
:type url_query: str
:param params: A list with encoded query parameters.
:type param: list
:return: The Authorization header.
:rtype: list of tuple
"""
return TokenBasedAuth._sign_request(self, method, url_query, params)
#
# Modified HTTPSyncTarget methods.
#
@staticmethod
def connect(url, crypto=None):
return SoledadSyncTarget(url, crypto=crypto)
def __init__(self, url, creds=None, crypto=None):
"""
Initialize the SoledadSyncTarget.
:param url: The url of the target replica to sync with.
:type url: str
:param creds: optional dictionary giving credentials.
to authorize the operation with the server.
:type creds: dict
:param soledad: An instance of Soledad so we can encrypt/decrypt
document contents when syncing.
:type soledad: soledad.Soledad
"""
HTTPSyncTarget.__init__(self, url, creds)
self._crypto = crypto
def _parse_sync_stream(self, data, return_doc_cb, ensure_callback=None):
"""
Parse incoming synchronization stream and insert documents in the
local database.
If an incoming document's encryption scheme is equal to
EncryptionSchemes.SYMKEY, then this method will decrypt it with
Soledad's symmetric key.
:param data: The body of the HTTP response.
:type data: str
:param return_doc_cb: A callback to insert docs from target.
:type return_doc_cb: function
:param ensure_callback: A callback to ensure we have the correct
target_replica_uid, if it was just created.
:type ensure_callback: function
:raise BrokenSyncStream: If C{data} is malformed.
:return: A dictionary representing the first line of the response got
from remote replica.
:rtype: list of str
"""
parts = data.splitlines() # one at a time
if not parts or parts[0] != '[':
raise BrokenSyncStream
data = parts[1:-1]
comma = False
if data:
line, comma = utils.check_and_strip_comma(data[0])
res = json.loads(line)
if ensure_callback and 'replica_uid' in res:
ensure_callback(res['replica_uid'])
for entry in data[1:]:
if not comma: # missing in between comma
raise BrokenSyncStream
line, comma = utils.check_and_strip_comma(entry)
entry = json.loads(line)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# symmetric decryption of document's contents
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# if arriving content was symmetrically encrypted, we decrypt
# it.
doc = SoledadDocument(
entry['id'], entry['rev'], entry['content'])
if doc.content and ENC_SCHEME_KEY in doc.content:
if doc.content[ENC_SCHEME_KEY] == \
EncryptionSchemes.SYMKEY:
doc.set_json(decrypt_doc(self._crypto, doc))
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# end of symmetric decryption
#-------------------------------------------------------------
return_doc_cb(doc, entry['gen'], entry['trans_id'])
if parts[-1] != ']':
try:
partdic = json.loads(parts[-1])
except ValueError:
pass
else:
if isinstance(partdic, dict):
self._error(partdic)
raise BrokenSyncStream
if not data or comma: # no entries or bad extra comma
raise BrokenSyncStream
return res
def sync_exchange(self, docs_by_generations, source_replica_uid,
last_known_generation, last_known_trans_id,
return_doc_cb, ensure_callback=None):
"""
Find out which documents the remote database does not know about,
encrypt and send them.
This does the same as the parent's method but encrypts content before
syncing.
:param docs_by_generations: A list of (doc_id, generation, trans_id)
of local documents that were changed since the last local
generation the remote replica knows about.
:type docs_by_generations: list of tuples
:param source_replica_uid: The uid of the source replica.
:type source_replica_uid: str
:param last_known_generation: Target's last known generation.
:type last_known_generation: int
:param last_known_trans_id: Target's last known transaction id.
:type last_known_trans_id: str
:param return_doc_cb: A callback for inserting received documents from
target.
:type return_doc_cb: function
:param ensure_callback: A callback that ensures we know the target
replica uid if the target replica was just created.
:type ensure_callback: function
:return: The new generation and transaction id of the target replica.
:rtype: tuple
"""
self._ensure_connection()
if self._trace_hook: # for tests
self._trace_hook('sync_exchange')
url = '%s/sync-from/%s' % (self._url.path, source_replica_uid)
self._conn.putrequest('POST', url)
self._conn.putheader('content-type', 'application/x-u1db-sync-stream')
for header_name, header_value in self._sign_request('POST', url, {}):
self._conn.putheader(header_name, header_value)
entries = ['[']
size = 1
def prepare(**dic):
entry = comma + '\r\n' + json.dumps(dic)
entries.append(entry)
return len(entry)
comma = ''
size += prepare(
last_known_generation=last_known_generation,
last_known_trans_id=last_known_trans_id,
ensure=ensure_callback is not None)
comma = ','
for doc, gen, trans_id in docs_by_generations:
# skip non-syncable docs
if isinstance(doc, SoledadDocument) and not doc.syncable:
continue
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# symmetric encryption of document's contents
#-------------------------------------------------------------
doc_json = doc.get_json()
if not doc.is_tombstone():
doc_json = encrypt_doc(self._crypto, doc)
#-------------------------------------------------------------
# end of symmetric encryption
#-------------------------------------------------------------
size += prepare(id=doc.doc_id, rev=doc.rev,
content=doc_json,
gen=gen, trans_id=trans_id)
entries.append('\r\n]')
size += len(entries[-1])
self._conn.putheader('content-length', str(size))
self._conn.endheaders()
for entry in entries:
self._conn.send(entry)
entries = None
data, _ = self._response()
res = self._parse_sync_stream(data, return_doc_cb, ensure_callback)
data = None
return res['new_generation'], res['new_transaction_id']