[test] toxify tests

- move tests to root directory
- split tests in different subdirectories
- setup a small package with common test dependencies in /testing/test_soledad
- add tox.ini that will:
  - install the test_soledad package and other test dependencies
  - install soledad common, client, server from the repository
  - run tests contianed in /testing/tests directory using pytest

This commit also removes all oauth code from tests, as we have removed the
u1db dependency (by importing it into the repo and naming it l2db) and don't
neet oauth at all right now.

15 files changed, 3809 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/__init__.py b/testing/test_soledad/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c07c8b0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from test_soledad import util
+
+__all__ = [
+    'util',
+]
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/fixture_soledad.conf b/testing/test_soledad/fixture_soledad.conf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d8161c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/fixture_soledad.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[soledad-server]
+couch_url   = http://soledad:passwd@localhost:5984
+create_cmd  = sudo -u soledad-admin /usr/bin/create-user-db
+admin_netrc = /etc/couchdb/couchdb-soledad-admin.netrc
+batching    = 0
+
+[database-security]
+members       = user1, user2
+members_roles = role1, role2
+admins        = user3, user4
+admins_roles  = role3, role3
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/README b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..546dfdc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/README
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+General info
+------------
+
+Test files in this directory are derived from u1db-0.1.4 tests. The main
+difference is that:
+
+  (1) they include the test infrastructure packed with soledad; and
+  (2) they do not include c_backend_wrapper testing.
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+u1db tests depend on the following python packages:
+
+  unittest2
+  mercurial
+  hgtools
+  testtools
+  discover
+  testscenarios
+  paste
+  routes
+  cython
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/__init__.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ba776864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+Test infrastructure for U1DB
+"""
+
+import copy
+import shutil
+import socket
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import json
+
+from wsgiref import simple_server
+
+from pysqlcipher import dbapi2
+from StringIO import StringIO
+
+import testscenarios
+from twisted.trial import unittest
+from twisted.web.server import Site
+from twisted.web.wsgi import WSGIResource
+from twisted.internet import reactor
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import errors
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import Document
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.backends import inmemory
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.backends import sqlite_backend
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import server_state
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_app
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_target
+
+
+class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def createTempDir(self, prefix='u1db-tmp-'):
+        """Create a temporary directory to do some work in.
+
+        This directory will be scheduled for cleanup when the test ends.
+        """
+        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix)
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, tempdir)
+        return tempdir
+
+    def make_document(self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+        return self.make_document_for_test(
+            self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+
+    def make_document_for_test(self, test, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                               has_conflicts):
+        return make_document_for_test(
+            test, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+
+    def assertGetDoc(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts):
+        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
+        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id))
+
+    def assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                   has_conflicts):
+        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
+        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id, include_deleted=True))
+
+    def assertGetDocConflicts(self, db, doc_id, conflicts):
+        """Assert what conflicts are stored for a given doc_id.
+
+        :param conflicts: A list of (doc_rev, content) pairs.
+            The first item must match the first item returned from the
+            database, however the rest can be returned in any order.
+        """
+        if conflicts:
+            conflicts = [(rev,
+                          (json.loads(cont) if isinstance(cont, basestring)
+                           else cont)) for (rev, cont) in conflicts]
+            conflicts = conflicts[:1] + sorted(conflicts[1:])
+        actual = db.get_doc_conflicts(doc_id)
+        if actual:
+            actual = [
+                (doc.rev, (json.loads(doc.get_json())
+                           if doc.get_json() is not None else None))
+                for doc in actual]
+            actual = actual[:1] + sorted(actual[1:])
+        self.assertEqual(conflicts, actual)
+
+
+def multiply_scenarios(a_scenarios, b_scenarios):
+    """Create the cross-product of scenarios."""
+
+    all_scenarios = []
+    for a_name, a_attrs in a_scenarios:
+        for b_name, b_attrs in b_scenarios:
+            name = '%s,%s' % (a_name, b_name)
+            attrs = dict(a_attrs)
+            attrs.update(b_attrs)
+            all_scenarios.append((name, attrs))
+    return all_scenarios
+
+
+simple_doc = '{"key": "value"}'
+nested_doc = '{"key": "value", "sub": {"doc": "underneath"}}'
+
+
+def make_memory_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    return inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(replica_uid)
+
+
+def copy_memory_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._transaction_log = db._transaction_log[:]
+    new_db._docs = copy.deepcopy(db._docs)
+    new_db._conflicts = copy.deepcopy(db._conflicts)
+    new_db._indexes = copy.deepcopy(db._indexes)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+def make_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+    db._set_replica_uid(replica_uid)
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+    tmpfile = StringIO()
+    for line in db._db_handle.iterdump():
+        if 'sqlite_sequence' not in line:  # work around bug in iterdump
+            tmpfile.write('%s\n' % line)
+    tmpfile.seek(0)
+    new_db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(':memory:')
+    new_db._db_handle.cursor().executescript(tmpfile.read())
+    new_db._db_handle.commit()
+    new_db._set_replica_uid(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+def make_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    return Document(doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS = [
+    ('mem', {'make_database_for_test': make_memory_database_for_test,
+             'copy_database_for_test': copy_memory_database_for_test,
+             'make_document_for_test': make_document_for_test}),
+    ('sql', {'make_database_for_test':
+             make_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test,
+             'copy_database_for_test':
+             copy_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test,
+             'make_document_for_test': make_document_for_test}),
+]
+
+
+class DatabaseBaseTests(TestCase):
+
+    # set to True assertTransactionLog
+    # is happy with all trans ids = ''
+    accept_fixed_trans_id = False
+
+    scenarios = LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def make_database_for_test(self, replica_uid):
+        return make_memory_database_for_test(self, replica_uid)
+
+    def create_database(self, *args):
+        return self.make_database_for_test(self, *args)
+
+    def copy_database(self, db):
+        # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES
+        # IS THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST
+        # THAT WE CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS
+        # RATHER THAN CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND
+        # NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+        return self.copy_database_for_test(self, db)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(DatabaseBaseTests, self).setUp()
+        self.db = self.create_database('test')
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if hasattr(self, 'db') and self.db is not None:
+            self.db.close()
+        super(DatabaseBaseTests, self).tearDown()
+
+    def assertTransactionLog(self, doc_ids, db):
+        """Assert that the given docs are in the transaction log."""
+        log = db._get_transaction_log()
+        just_ids = []
+        seen_transactions = set()
+        for doc_id, transaction_id in log:
+            just_ids.append(doc_id)
+            self.assertIsNot(None, transaction_id,
+                             "Transaction id should not be None")
+            if transaction_id == '' and self.accept_fixed_trans_id:
+                continue
+            self.assertNotEqual('', transaction_id,
+                                "Transaction id should be a unique string")
+            self.assertTrue(transaction_id.startswith('T-'))
+            self.assertNotIn(transaction_id, seen_transactions)
+            seen_transactions.add(transaction_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc_ids, just_ids)
+
+    def getLastTransId(self, db):
+        """Return the transaction id for the last database update."""
+        return self.db._get_transaction_log()[-1][-1]
+
+
+class ServerStateForTests(server_state.ServerState):
+
+    """Used in the test suite, so we don't have to touch disk, etc."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(ServerStateForTests, self).__init__()
+        self._dbs = {}
+
+    def open_database(self, path):
+        try:
+            return self._dbs[path]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist
+
+    def check_database(self, path):
+        # cares only about the possible exception
+        self.open_database(path)
+
+    def ensure_database(self, path):
+        try:
+            db = self.open_database(path)
+        except errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist:
+            db = self._create_database(path)
+        return db, db._replica_uid
+
+    def _copy_database(self, db):
+        # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES
+        # IS THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST
+        # THAT WE CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS
+        # RATHER THAN CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND
+        # NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+        new_db = copy_memory_database_for_test(None, db)
+        path = db._replica_uid
+        while path in self._dbs:
+            path += 'copy'
+        self._dbs[path] = new_db
+        return new_db
+
+    def _create_database(self, path):
+        db = inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(path)
+        self._dbs[path] = db
+        return db
+
+    def delete_database(self, path):
+        del self._dbs[path]
+
+
+class ResponderForTests(object):
+
+    """Responder for tests."""
+    _started = False
+    sent_response = False
+    status = None
+
+    def start_response(self, status='success', **kwargs):
+        self._started = True
+        self.status = status
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def send_response(self, status='success', **kwargs):
+        self.start_response(status, **kwargs)
+        self.finish_response()
+
+    def finish_response(self):
+        self.sent_response = True
+
+
+class TestCaseWithServer(TestCase):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def server_def():
+        # hook point
+        # should return (ServerClass, "shutdown method name", "url_scheme")
+        class _RequestHandler(simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler):
+
+            def log_request(*args):
+                pass  # suppress
+
+        def make_server(host_port, application):
+            assert application, "forgot to override make_app(_with_state)?"
+            srv = simple_server.WSGIServer(host_port, _RequestHandler)
+            # patch the value in if it's None
+            if getattr(application, 'base_url', 1) is None:
+                application.base_url = "http://%s:%s" % srv.server_address
+            srv.set_app(application)
+            return srv
+
+        return make_server, "shutdown", "http"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_app_with_state(state):
+        # hook point
+        return None
+
+    def make_app(self):
+        # potential hook point
+        self.request_state = ServerStateForTests()
+        return self.make_app_with_state(self.request_state)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestCaseWithServer, self).setUp()
+        self.server = self.server_thread = self.port = None
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        if self.server is not None:
+            self.server.shutdown()
+            self.server_thread.join()
+            self.server.server_close()
+        if self.port:
+            self.port.stopListening()
+        super(TestCaseWithServer, self).tearDown()
+
+    @property
+    def url_scheme(self):
+        return 'http'
+
+    def startTwistedServer(self):
+        application = self.make_app()
+        resource = WSGIResource(reactor, reactor.getThreadPool(), application)
+        site = Site(resource)
+        self.port = reactor.listenTCP(0, site, interface='127.0.0.1')
+        host = self.port.getHost()
+        self.server_address = (host.host, host.port)
+        self.addCleanup(self.port.stopListening)
+
+    def startServer(self):
+        server_def = self.server_def()
+        server_class, shutdown_meth, _ = server_def
+        application = self.make_app()
+        self.server = server_class(('127.0.0.1', 0), application)
+        self.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.server.serve_forever,
+                                              kwargs=dict(poll_interval=0.01))
+        self.server_thread.start()
+        self.addCleanup(self.server_thread.join)
+        self.addCleanup(getattr(self.server, shutdown_meth))
+        self.server_address = self.server.server_address
+
+    def getURL(self, path=None):
+        host, port = self.server_address
+        if path is None:
+            path = ''
+        return '%s://%s:%s/%s' % (self.url_scheme, host, port, path)
+
+
+def socket_pair():
+    """Return a pair of TCP sockets connected to each other.
+
+    Unlike socket.socketpair, this should work on Windows.
+    """
+    sock_pair = getattr(socket, 'socket_pair', None)
+    if sock_pair:
+        return sock_pair(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    listen_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    listen_sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+    listen_sock.listen(1)
+    client_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    client_sock.connect(listen_sock.getsockname())
+    server_sock, addr = listen_sock.accept()
+    listen_sock.close()
+    return server_sock, client_sock
+
+
+def load_with_scenarios(loader, standard_tests, pattern):
+    """Load the tests in a given module.
+
+    This just applies testscenarios.generate_scenarios to all the tests that
+    are present. We do it at load time rather than at run time, because it
+    plays nicer with various tools.
+    """
+    suite = loader.suiteClass()
+    suite.addTests(testscenarios.generate_scenarios(standard_tests))
+    return suite
+
+
+# from u1db.tests.test_remote_sync_target
+
+def make_http_app(state):
+    return http_app.HTTPApp(state)
+
+
+def http_sync_target(test, path):
+    return http_target.HTTPSyncTarget(test.getURL(path))
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_backends.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_backends.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..10dcdff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_backends.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1888 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+# Copyright 2016 LEAP Encryption Access Project
+#
+# This file is part of leap.soledad.common
+#
+# leap.soledad.common is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""
+The backend class for L2DB. This deals with hiding storage details.
+"""
+
+import json
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import DocumentBase
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import errors
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import vectorclock
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_database
+
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from unittest import skip
+
+simple_doc = tests.simple_doc
+nested_doc = tests.nested_doc
+
+
+def make_http_database_for_test(test, replica_uid, path='test', *args):
+    test.startServer()
+    test.request_state._create_database(replica_uid)
+    return http_database.HTTPDatabase(test.getURL(path))
+
+
+def copy_http_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    return test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+
+
+class TestAlternativeDocument(DocumentBase):
+
+    """A (not very) alternative implementation of Document."""
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class AllDatabaseTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests, tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS + [
+        ('http', {'make_database_for_test': make_http_database_for_test,
+                  'copy_database_for_test': copy_http_database_for_test,
+                  'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                  'make_app_with_state': tests.make_http_app}),
+    ]
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        self.db.close()
+
+    def test_create_doc_allocating_doc_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_doc_different_ids_same_db(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id)
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my-id')
+        self.assertEqual('my-id', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_doc_existing_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        new_content = '{"something": "else"}'
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.create_doc_from_json,
+            new_content, doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_creating_initial(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIsNot(None, new_rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_space_in_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my doc id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_update(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        doc.set_json('{"updated": "stuff"}')
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(new_rev, orig_rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev,
+                          '{"updated": "stuff"}', False)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, new_rev)
+
+    def test_put_non_ascii_key(self):
+        content = json.dumps({u'key\xe5': u'val'})
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
+
+    def test_put_non_ascii_value(self):
+        content = json.dumps({'key': u'\xe5'})
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_no_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document(None, None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+        doc = self.make_document("", None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_slashes(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('a/b', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+        doc = self.make_document(r'\b', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_url_quoting_is_fine(self):
+        doc_id = "%2F%2Ffoo%2Fbar"
+        doc = self.make_document(doc_id, None, simple_doc)
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc_id, new_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_existing_old_rev(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'test:4', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_ascii_doc_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('d\xc3\xa5c-id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_fails_with_bad_old_rev(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        old_rev = doc.rev
+        bad_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'other:1',
+                                     '{"something": "else"}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, bad_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', old_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_succeeds_after_delete(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
+            "%s does not supersede %s" % (new_doc.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
+
+    def test_put_succeeds_after_delete(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
+        doc2 = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc2.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
+            "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc2.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
+
+    def test_get_doc_after_put(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_get_doc_nonexisting(self):
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('non-existing'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_include_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_get_docs(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_include_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc1, doc2],
+            list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id],
+                                  include_deleted=True)))
+
+    def test_get_docs_request_ordered(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+        self.assertEqual([doc2, doc1],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc2.doc_id, doc1.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], list(self.db.get_docs([])))
+
+    def test_handles_nested_content(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+    def test_handles_doc_with_null(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": null}')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, '{"key": null}', False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_rev, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_delete_doc_non_existent(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('non-existing', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentDoesNotExist, self.db.delete_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_already_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentAlreadyDeleted,
+                          self.db.delete_doc, doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_bad_rev(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.delete_doc, doc2)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_sets_content_to_None(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIs(None, doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_delete_doc_rev_supersedes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"fishy": "content"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        old_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        cur_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(old_rev)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(deleted_vc.is_newer(cur_vc),
+                        "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc.rev, old_rev))
+
+    def test_delete_then_put(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class DocumentSizeTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_oversized_documents(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1)
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentTooBig, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_create_doc_refuses_oversized_documents(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.DocumentTooBig, self.db.create_doc_from_json, simple_doc,
+            doc_id='my_doc_id')
+
+    def test_set_document_size_limit_zero(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(0)
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.db.document_size_limit)
+
+    def test_set_document_size_limit(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1000000)
+        self.assertEqual(1000000, self.db.document_size_limit)
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class LocalDatabaseTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        tests.DatabaseBaseTests.setUp(self)
+
+    def test_create_doc_different_ids_diff_db(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        db2 = self.create_database('other-uid')
+        doc2 = db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id)
+        db2.close()
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_slashes_picky(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('/a', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_empty(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1]))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]), sorted(list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1])))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_exclude_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1]))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_include_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]),
+            sorted(list(self.db.get_all_docs(include_deleted=True)[1])))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_generation(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(2, self.db.get_all_docs()[0])
+
+    def test_simple_put_doc_if_newer(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my-doc-id', 'test:1', simple_doc)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('inserted', 1), state_at_gen)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my-doc-id', 'test:1', simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_simple_put_doc_if_newer_deleted(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{}', doc_id='my-doc-id')
+        doc = self.make_document('my-doc-id', 'test:2', None)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('inserted', 2), state_at_gen)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, 'my-doc-id', 'test:2', None, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_already_superseded(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        doc1_rev1 = doc1.rev
+        doc1.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc1)
+        doc1_rev2 = doc1.rev
+        # Nothing is inserted, because the document is already superseded
+        doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1_rev1, orig_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1_rev2, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        rev = doc1.rev
+        doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, "whatever:1", doc1.get_json())
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+        doc2 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        v2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(v2.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev("whatever:1")))
+        self.assertTrue(v2.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev)))
+        # strictly newer locally
+        self.assertTrue(rev not in doc2.rev)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_already_converged(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc1, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('converged', 1), state_at_gen)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        # Nothing is inserted, the document id is returned as would-conflict
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted', state)
+        # The database wasn't altered
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_newer_generation(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:2', simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='T-irrelevant')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_same_generation_same_txid(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='T-sid')
+        self.assertEqual('converged', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_wrong_transaction_id(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer, doc, save_conflict=False,
+            replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1, replica_trans_id='T-sad')
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_old_generation_older_doc(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        doc_rev1 = doc.rev
+        doc.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 3, 'T-sid')
+        older_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, doc_rev1, simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            older_doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=8,
+            replica_trans_id='T-irrelevant')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_old_generation_newer_doc(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 5, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration,
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer, doc, save_conflict=False,
+            replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1, replica_trans_id='T-sad')
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_replica_uid(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|other:1',
+                                  nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('inserted',
+                         self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+                             doc2,
+                             save_conflict=False,
+                             replica_uid='other',
+                             replica_gen=2,
+                             replica_trans_id='T-id2')[0])
+        self.assertEqual((2, 'T-id2'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(
+            'other'))
+        # Compare to the old rev, should be superseded
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('superseded',
+                         self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+                             doc2,
+                             save_conflict=False,
+                             replica_uid='other',
+                             replica_gen=3,
+                             replica_trans_id='T-id3')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (3, 'T-id3'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+        # A conflict that isn't saved still records the sync gen, because we
+        # don't need to see it again
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|fourth:1',
+                                  '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted',
+                         self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+                             doc2,
+                             save_conflict=False,
+                             replica_uid='other',
+                             replica_gen=4,
+                             replica_trans_id='T-id4')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (4, 'T-id4'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+
+    def test__get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (0, ''), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db'))
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db', 2, 'T-transaction')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-transaction'),
+            self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_transaction_log(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        doc.set_json('{"something": "else"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_delete_updates_transaction_log(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        db_gen, _, _ = self.db.whats_changed()
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed(db_gen))
+
+    def test_whats_changed_initial_database(self):
+        self.assertEqual((0, '', []), self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_whats_changed_returns_one_id_for_multiple_changes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"new": "contents"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, []), self.db.whats_changed(2))
+
+    def test_whats_changed_returns_last_edits_ascending(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"new": "contents"}')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        delete_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        put_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((4, put_trans_id,
+                          [(doc1.doc_id, 3, delete_trans_id),
+                           (doc.doc_id, 4, put_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_whats_changed_doesnt_include_old_gen(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((3, last_trans_id, [(doc2.doc_id, 3, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed(2))
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class LocalDatabaseValidateGenNTransIdTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, trans_id = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id(gen, trans_id)
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id_invalid_txid(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, _ = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id, gen, 'wrong')
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id_invalid_gen(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, trans_id = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration,
+            self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id, gen + 1, trans_id)
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class LocalDatabaseValidateSourceGenTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_validate_source_gen_and_trans_id_same(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.db._validate_source('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+
+    def test_validate_source_gen_newer(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.db._validate_source('other', 2, 'T-whatevs')
+
+    def test_validate_source_wrong_txid(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db._validate_source, 'other', 1, 'T-sad')
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class LocalDatabaseWithConflictsTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+    # test supporting/functionality around storing conflicts
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicts_ignored(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        no_conflict_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1',
+                                             nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([no_conflict_doc, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id],
+                                               check_for_conflicts=False)))
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual([alt_doc, doc],
+                         self.db.get_doc_conflicts(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        _, docs = self.db.get_all_docs()
+        self.assertTrue(list(docs)[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts_unconflicted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_doc_conflicts(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts_no_such_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_doc_conflicts('doc-id'))
+
+    def test_resolve_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc.doc_id,
+                                   [('alternate:1', nested_doc),
+                                    (doc.rev, simple_doc)])
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc, [alt_doc.rev, doc.rev])
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_rev, doc.rev)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc.doc_id, [])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_picks_biggest_vcr(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+        orig_doc1_rev = doc1.rev
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc2.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertFalse(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_doc1_rev, doc1.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        vcr_1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(orig_doc1_rev)
+        vcr_2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        vcr_new = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(vcr_new.is_newer(vcr_1))
+        self.assertTrue(vcr_new.is_newer(vcr_2))
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_partial_not_winning(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+        content3 = '{"key": "valin3"}'
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'third:1', content3)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc3.rev, content3),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+                                    (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc2.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertTrue(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc3.rev, content3, True)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc3.rev, content3),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_partial_winning(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        content3 = '{"key": "valin3"}'
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'third:1', content3)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc3.rev, content3),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+                                    (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc3.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertTrue(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+                                    (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_with_delete_conflict(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, None)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc2, [doc1.rev, doc2.rev])
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_with_delete_to_delete(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, None)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc1.rev, doc2.rev])
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_save_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        # Document is inserted as a conflict
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted', state)
+        # The database was updated
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, True)
+
+    def test_force_doc_conflict_supersedes_properly(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', '{"b": 1}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altalt:1', '{"c": 1}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        doc22 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:2', '{"b": 2}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc22, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='zed')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [('alternate:2', doc22.get_json()),
+                                    ('altalt:1', doc3.get_json()),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_save_conflict_was_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertTrue(doc2.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(
+            self.db, doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc, True)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [('alternate:1', nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, None)])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_propagates_full_resolution(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        resolved_vcr = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        vcr_2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        resolved_vcr.maximize(vcr_2)
+        resolved_vcr.increment('alternate')
+        doc_resolved = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, resolved_vcr.as_str(),
+                                          '{"good": 1}')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_resolved, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+        self.assertFalse(doc_resolved.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        doc3 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        self.assertFalse(doc3.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_propagates_partial_resolution(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altalt:1', '{}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [('alternate:1', nested_doc),
+                                    ('test:1', simple_doc),
+                                    ('altalt:1', '{}')])
+        resolved_vcr = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        vcr_3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc3.rev)
+        resolved_vcr.maximize(vcr_3)
+        resolved_vcr.increment('alternate')
+        doc_resolved = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, resolved_vcr.as_str(),
+                                          '{"good": 1}')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_resolved, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_resolved.has_conflicts)
+        doc4 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        self.assertTrue(doc4.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [('alternate:2|test:1', '{"good": 1}'),
+                                    ('altalt:1', '{}')])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_replica_uid(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-id')
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|other:1',
+                                  nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=True,
+                                  replica_uid='other', replica_gen=2,
+                                  replica_trans_id='T-id2')
+        # Conflict vs the current update
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|third:3',
+                                  '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted',
+                         self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+                             doc2,
+                             save_conflict=True,
+                             replica_uid='other',
+                             replica_gen=3,
+                             replica_trans_id='T-id3')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (3, 'T-id3'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_2(self):
+        # this is an ordering variant of _3, but that already works
+        # adding the test explicitly to catch the regression easily
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2', "{}")
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1',
+                                      '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2|other:1', "{}")
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        self.assertFalse(self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id).has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_3(self):
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1', "{}")
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2', '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:3', "{}")
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'superseded')
+        doc = self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id, True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        rev = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        rev_a3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:3')
+        rev_a1b1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:1|other:1')
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a3))
+        self.assertTrue('test:4' in doc.rev)  # locally increased
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a1b1))
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_4(self):
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1', None)
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2', '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:3', None)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'superseded')
+        doc = self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id, True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        rev = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        rev_a3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:3')
+        rev_a1b1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:1|other:1')
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a3))
+        self.assertTrue('test:4' in doc.rev)  # locally increased
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a1b1))
+
+    def test_put_refuses_to_update_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        content2 = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altrev:1', content2)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc2.rev, content2, True)
+        content3 = '{"key": "local"}'
+        doc2.set_json(content3)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.ConflictedDoc, self.db.put_doc, doc2)
+
+    def test_delete_refuses_for_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altrev:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, True)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.ConflictedDoc, self.db.delete_doc, doc2)
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class DatabaseIndexTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def assertParseError(self, definition):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.IndexDefinitionParseError, self.db.create_index, 'idx',
+            definition)
+
+    def assertIndexCreatable(self, definition):
+        name = "idx"
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index(name, definition)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(name, [definition])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'name')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['name'])],
+                         self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_on_non_ascii_field_name(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({u'\xe5': 'value'}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', u'\xe5')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_list_indexes_with_non_ascii_field_names(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', u'\xe5')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('test-idx', [u'\xe5'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_evaluates_it(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_wildcard_matches_unicode_value(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({"key": u"valu\xe5"}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_retrieve_unicode_value_from_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({"key": u"valu\xe5"}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', u"valu\xe5"))
+
+    def test_create_index_fails_if_name_taken(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.IndexNameTakenError,
+                          self.db.create_index,
+                          'test-idx', 'stuff')
+
+    def test_create_index_does_not_fail_if_name_taken_with_same_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['key'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_does_not_duplicate_indexed_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+
+    def test_delete_index_does_not_remove_fields_from_other_indexes(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx2', 'key')
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx2', 'value')))
+
+    def test_create_index_after_deleting_document(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_delete_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['key'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_adds_to_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_unmatched(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'novalue'))
+
+    def test_create_index_multiple_exact_matches(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi(self):
+        content = '{"key": "value", "key2": "value2"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi_list(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value", "key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-1'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-2'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-3'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('value', 'value2-1'), ('value', 'value2-2'),
+             ('value', 'value2-3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(
+            doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1',
+            '{"key": "value", "key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        docs = self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-1')
+        self.assertTrue(docs[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_multi_list_list(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1-1 value1-2 value1-3", '
+            '"key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'split_words(key)', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(u'value1-1', u'value2-1'), (u'value1-1', u'value2-2'),
+             (u'value1-1', u'value2-3'), (u'value1-2', u'value2-1'),
+             (u'value1-2', u'value2-2'), (u'value1-2', u'value2-3'),
+             (u'value1-3', u'value2-1'), (u'value1-3', u'value2-2'),
+             (u'value1-3', u'value2-3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi_ordered(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'v*', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_start_end(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2', 'value3'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1, doc3],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(
+            doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', '{"key": "valuedepalue"}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        docs = self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'a')
+        self.assertTrue(docs[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value22"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc4, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2*'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value22"}')
+        doc5 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc5, doc3, doc4, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, 'value2*'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_start_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "a"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "boo3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "catalyst"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "whaever"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "zerg"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc4],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'cat*', 'zap*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_start_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', ('value2', 'value2'), ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', None, ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', 'value2*')))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', None, ('value2', 'value2*')))
+
+    def test_get_glob_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_glob_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, ('value2', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', ('*', 'v2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', ('*', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order_end(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', None, ('*', 'v2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard_end(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', None, ('*', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_fails_if_no_index(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.IndexDoesNotExist, self.db.get_from_index, 'foo')
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_fails_if_no_index(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.IndexDoesNotExist,
+                          self.db.get_index_keys,
+                          'foo')
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_works_if_no_docs(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        new_content = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc.set_json(new_content)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval'))
+
+    def test_delete_updates_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_number_of_entries(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex, self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v1')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v1', 'v2', 'v3')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', '*', 'v2')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', '*', 'v*')
+
+    def test_get_all_from_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        # This one should not be in the index
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"no": "key"}')
+        diff_value_doc = '{"key": "diff value"}'
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(diff_value_doc)
+        # This is essentially a 'prefix' match, but we match every entry.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc4]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_all_from_index_ordered(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value x"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value b"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value a"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value m"}')
+        # This is essentially a 'prefix' match, but we match every entry.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2, doc4, doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_when_adding_key(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json("{}")
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+        doc.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_empty_string(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        content2 = '{"key": ""}'
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', ''))
+        # Empty string matches the wildcard.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_not_null(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": null}')
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_partial_from_index(self):
+        content1 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}'
+        content2 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "x2"}'
+        content3 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "y2"}'
+        # doc4 has a different k1 value, so it doesn't match the prefix.
+        content4 = '{"k1": "NN", "k2": "v2"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc3]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', "v1", "*")))
+
+    def test_get_glob_match(self):
+        # Note: the exact glob syntax is probably subject to change
+        content1 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v1"}'
+        content2 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}'
+        content3 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v3"}'
+        # doc4 has a different k2 prefix value, so it doesn't match
+        content4 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "ZZ"}'
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc3]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', "v1", "v*")))
+
+    def test_nested_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.doc')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'underneath'))
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'underneath')))
+
+    def test_nested_nonexistent(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        # sub exists, but sub.foo does not:
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.foo')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_nested_nonexistent2(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.foo.bar.baz.qux.fnord')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_nested_traverses_lists(self):
+        # subpath finds dicts in list
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"foo": [{"zap": "bar"}, {"zap": "baz"}]}')
+        # subpath only finds dicts in list
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"foo": ["zap", "baz"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'foo.zap')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'bar'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'baz'))
+
+    def test_nested_list_traversal(self):
+        # subpath finds dicts in list
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"foo": [{"zap": [{"qux": "fnord"}, {"qux": "zombo"}]},'
+            '{"zap": "baz"}]}')
+        # subpath only finds dicts in list
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'foo.zap.qux')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'fnord'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'zombo'))
+
+    def test_index_list1(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": ["foo", "bar"]}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_list2(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": ["foo", "bar"]}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_case_sensitive(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'V*'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_before_value(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v*', 'v2')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_after_glob(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v*', 'v*')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_sql_wildcards(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        content1 = '{"key": "va%lue"}'
+        content2 = '{"key": "value"}'
+        content3 = '{"key": "va_lue"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        # The '%' in the search should be treated literally, not as a sql
+        # globbing character.
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'va%*'))
+        # Same for '_'
+        self.assertEqual([doc3], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'va_*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_lower(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_lower_matches_same_case(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_lower_doesnt_match_different_case(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "Foo")
+        self.assertEqual([], rows)
+
+    def test_index_lower_doesnt_match_other_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        self.db.create_index("other_index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "Foo")
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(rows))
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_first(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_second(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_both(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_double_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo  bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_leading_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": " foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_trailing_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar "}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_number(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 12}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "00012")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_number_bigger_than_padding(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 123456}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "123456")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_number_mapping_ignores_non_numbers(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 56}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        content = '{"foo": "this is not a maigret painting"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "*")
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_bool(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": true}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "1")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_bool_false(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": false}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "0")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_non_bool(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": 42}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "*")
+        self.assertEqual([], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_combine(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "combine(foo, bar)")
+        content = '{"foo": "value1", "bar": "value2"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "value1")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "value2")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_complex_combine(self):
+        self.db.create_index(
+            "index", "combine(number(foo, 5), lower(bar), split_words(baz))")
+        content = '{"foo": 12, "bar": "ALLCAPS", "baz": "qux nox"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        content = '{"foo": "not a number", "bar": "something"}'
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "00012")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "allcaps")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "nox")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "something")
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], rows)
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_from_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        content1 = '{"key": "value1"}'
+        content2 = '{"key": "value2"}'
+        content3 = '{"key": "value2"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('value1',), ('value2',)],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_from_multicolumn_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key1', 'key2')
+        content1 = '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "val2-1"}'
+        content2 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val2-2"}'
+        content3 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val2-2"}'
+        content4 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val3"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.assertEqual([
+            ('value1', 'val2-1'),
+            ('value2', 'val2-2'),
+            ('value2', 'val3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_empty_expr(self):
+        self.assertParseError('')
+
+    def test_nested_unknown_operation(self):
+        self.assertParseError('unknown_operation(field1)')
+
+    def test_parse_missing_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(a")
+
+    def test_parse_trailing_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(ab))")
+
+    def test_parse_trailing_chars(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(ab)adsf")
+
+    def test_parse_empty_op(self):
+        self.assertParseError("(ab)")
+
+    def test_parse_top_level_commas(self):
+        self.assertParseError("a, b")
+
+    def test_invalid_field_name(self):
+        self.assertParseError("a.")
+
+    def test_invalid_inner_field_name(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(a.)")
+
+    def test_gobbledigook(self):
+        self.assertParseError("(@#@cc   @#!*DFJSXV(()jccd")
+
+    def test_leading_space(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("  lower(a)")
+
+    def test_trailing_space(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(a)  ")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_open_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower  (a)")
+
+    def test_spaces_after_open_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(  a)")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(a  )")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_comma(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("combine(a  , b  , c)")
+
+    def test_spaces_after_comma(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("combine(a,  b,  c)")
+
+    def test_all_together_now(self):
+        self.assertParseError('    (a) ')
+
+    def test_all_together_now2(self):
+        self.assertParseError('combine(lower(x)x,foo)')
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class PythonBackendTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(PythonBackendTests, self).setUp()
+        self.simple_doc = json.loads(simple_doc)
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(doc, TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_doc_after_put_with_factory(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        result = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, TestAlternativeDocument))
+        self.assertEqual(doc.doc_id, result.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, result.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.get_json(), result.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(False, result.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_doc_nonexisting_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('non-existing'))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+            list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1])[0], TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicted_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            isinstance(
+                list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id]))[0],
+                TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            isinstance(
+                self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')[0],
+                TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_updates_indexes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        new_content = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        other_rev = 'test:1|z:2'
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+
+        def ignore(doc_id, doc_rev, doc):
+            pass
+
+        doc_other = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, other_rev, new_content)
+        docs_by_gen = [(doc_other, 10, 'T-sid')]
+        st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=ignore)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, other_rev, new_content, False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc_other], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval'))
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+
+# Use a custom loader to apply the scenarios at load time.
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_document.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_document.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7ead2d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_document.py
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+# Copyright 2016 LEAP Encryption Access Project
+#
+# This file is part of leap.soledad.common
+#
+# leap.soledad.common is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+from unittest import skip
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import errors
+
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestDocument(tests.TestCase):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'py', {'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test})])  # +
+    # tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS)
+
+    def test_create_doc(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-id', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('uid:1', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(tests.simple_doc, doc.get_json())
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test__repr__(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '%s(doc-id, uid:1, \'{"key": "value"}\')'
+            % (doc.__class__.__name__,),
+            repr(doc))
+
+    def test__repr__conflicted(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc,
+                                 has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '%s(doc-id, uid:1, conflicted, \'{"key": "value"}\')'
+            % (doc.__class__.__name__,),
+            repr(doc))
+
+    def test__lt__(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('b', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a < doc_b)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_b > doc_a)
+        doc_aa = self.make_document('a', 'a', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_aa < doc_a)
+
+    def test__eq__(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a == doc_b)
+        doc_b = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}', has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a == doc_b)
+
+    def test_non_json_dict(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidJSON, self.make_document, 'id', 'uid:1',
+            '"not a json dictionary"')
+
+    def test_non_json(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidJSON, self.make_document, 'id', 'uid:1',
+            'not a json dictionary')
+
+    def test_get_size(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{"some": "content"}')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len('a' + 'b' + '{"some": "content"}'), doc_a.get_size())
+
+    def test_get_size_empty_document(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', None)
+        self.assertEqual(len('a' + 'b'), doc_a.get_size())
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestPyDocument(tests.TestCase):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'py', {'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test})])
+
+    def test_get_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertEqual({"content": ""}, doc.content)
+        doc.set_json('{"content": "new"}')
+        self.assertEqual({"content": "new"}, doc.content)
+
+    def test_set_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        doc.content = {"content": "new"}
+        self.assertEqual('{"content": "new"}', doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_set_bad_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidContent, setattr, doc, 'content',
+            '{"content": "new"}')
+
+    def test_is_tombstone(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+        doc_a.set_json(None)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+
+    def test_make_tombstone(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+        doc_a.make_tombstone()
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+
+    def test_same_content_as(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('d', 'e', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+        doc_b = self.make_document('p', 'q', '{}', has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+        doc_b.content['key'] = 'value'
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+
+    def test_same_content_as_json_order(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document(
+            'a', 'b', '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document(
+            'c', 'd', '{"key2": "val2", "key1": "val1"}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+
+    def test_set_json(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        doc.set_json('{"content": "new"}')
+        self.assertEqual('{"content": "new"}', doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_set_json_non_dict(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidJSON, doc.set_json, '"is not a dict"')
+
+    def test_set_json_error(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidJSON, doc.set_json, 'is not json')
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9516236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+# Copyright 2016 LEAP Encryption Access Project
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""
+Tests for HTTPDatabase
+"""
+import json
+
+from unittest import skip
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import errors
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_client
+
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestEncoder(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_encode_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual("foo", http_client._encode_query_parameter("foo"))
+
+    def test_encode_true(self):
+        self.assertEqual("true", http_client._encode_query_parameter(True))
+
+    def test_encode_false(self):
+        self.assertEqual("false", http_client._encode_query_parameter(False))
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestHTTPClientBase(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPClientBase, self).setUp()
+        self.errors = 0
+
+    def app(self, environ, start_response):
+        if environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('echo'):
+            start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+            ret = {}
+            for name in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'PATH_INFO', 'QUERY_STRING'):
+                ret[name] = environ[name]
+            if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] in ('PUT', 'POST'):
+                ret['CONTENT_TYPE'] = environ['CONTENT_TYPE']
+                content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+                ret['body'] = environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length)
+            return [json.dumps(ret)]
+        elif environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('error_then_accept'):
+            if self.errors >= 3:
+                start_response(
+                    "200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                ret = {}
+                for name in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'PATH_INFO', 'QUERY_STRING'):
+                    ret[name] = environ[name]
+                if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] in ('PUT', 'POST'):
+                    ret['CONTENT_TYPE'] = environ['CONTENT_TYPE']
+                    content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+                    ret['body'] = '{"oki": "doki"}'
+                return [json.dumps(ret)]
+            self.errors += 1
+            content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+            error = json.loads(
+                environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length))
+            response = error['response']
+            # In debug mode, wsgiref has an assertion that the status parameter
+            # is a 'str' object. However error['status'] returns a unicode
+            # object.
+            status = str(error['status'])
+            if isinstance(response, unicode):
+                response = str(response)
+            if isinstance(response, str):
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+                return [str(response)]
+            else:
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                return [json.dumps(response)]
+        elif environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('error'):
+            self.errors += 1
+            content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+            error = json.loads(
+                environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length))
+            response = error['response']
+            # In debug mode, wsgiref has an assertion that the status parameter
+            # is a 'str' object. However error['status'] returns a unicode
+            # object.
+            status = str(error['status'])
+            if isinstance(response, unicode):
+                response = str(response)
+            if isinstance(response, str):
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+                return [str(response)]
+            else:
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                return [json.dumps(response)]
+
+    def make_app(self):
+        return self.app
+
+    def getClient(self, **kwds):
+        self.startServer()
+        return http_client.HTTPClientBase(self.getURL('dbase'), **kwds)
+
+    def test_construct(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        url = self.getURL()
+        cli = http_client.HTTPClientBase(url)
+        self.assertEqual(url, cli._url.geturl())
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+
+    def test_parse_url(self):
+        cli = http_client.HTTPClientBase(
+            '%s://127.0.0.1:12345/' % self.url_scheme)
+        self.assertEqual(self.url_scheme, cli._url.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1', cli._url.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(12345, cli._url.port)
+        self.assertEqual('/', cli._url.path)
+
+    def test__ensure_connection(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        self.assertIsNot(None, cli._conn)
+        conn = cli._conn
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        self.assertIs(conn, cli._conn)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        cli.close()
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+
+    def test__request(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        res, headers = cli._request('PUT', ['echo'], {}, {})
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': '',
+                          'body': '{}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', 'echo'], {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual({'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/doc/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', '%FFFF', 'echo'], {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual({'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/doc/%FFFF/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('POST', ['echo'], {'b': 2}, 'Body',
+                                    'application/x-test')
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-test',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': 'Body',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, json.loads(res))
+
+    def test__request_json(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        res, headers = cli._request_json(
+            'POST', ['echo'], {'b': 2}, {'a': 'x'})
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', headers['content-type'])
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': '{"a": "x"}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, res)
+
+    def test_unspecified_http_error(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "500 Internal Error",
+                           'response': "Crash."})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "500 Internal Error",
+                               'response': "Fail."})
+        except errors.HTTPError, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(500, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("Fail.", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+
+    def test_revision_conflict(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "409 Conflict",
+                           'response': {"error": "revision conflict"}})
+
+    def test_unavailable_proper(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.Unavailable,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+                           'response': {"error": "unavailable"}})
+        self.assertEqual(5, self.errors)
+
+    def test_unavailable_then_available(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        res, headers = cli._request_json(
+            'POST', ['error_then_accept'], {'b': 2},
+            {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+             'response': {"error": "unavailable"}})
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', headers['content-type'])
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/error_then_accept',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': '{"oki": "doki"}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, res)
+        self.assertEqual(3, self.errors)
+
+    def test_unavailable_random_source(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+                               'response': "random unavailable."})
+        except errors.Unavailable, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(503, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("random unavailable.", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+        self.assertEqual(5, self.errors)
+
+    def test_document_too_big(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentTooBig,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "document too big"}})
+
+    def test_user_quota_exceeded(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UserQuotaExceeded,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "user quota exceeded"}})
+
+    def test_user_needs_subscription(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.SubscriptionNeeded,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "user needs subscription"}})
+
+    def test_generic_u1db_error(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.U1DBError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                           'response': {"error": "error"}})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                               'response': {"error": "error"}})
+        except errors.U1DBError, e:
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(e.__class__, errors.U1DBError)
+
+    def test_unspecified_bad_request(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                           'response': "<Bad Request>"})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                               'response': "<Bad Request>"})
+        except errors.HTTPError, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(400, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("<Bad Request>", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+
+    def test_unknown_creds(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UnknownAuthMethod,
+                          self.getClient, creds={'foo': {}})
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UnknownAuthMethod,
+                          self.getClient, creds={})
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3ed9361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Tests for HTTPDatabase"""
+
+import inspect
+import json
+
+from unittest import skip
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import errors
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import Document
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_database
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_target
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+from test_soledad.u1db_tests import make_http_app
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations, self).setUp()
+        self.db = http_database.HTTPDatabase('dbase')
+        self.db._conn = object()  # crash if used
+        self.got = None
+        self.response_val = None
+
+        def _request(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                     content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        def _request_json(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                          content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        self.db._request = _request
+        self.db._request_json = _request_json
+
+    def test__sanity_same_signature(self):
+        my_request_sig = inspect.getargspec(self.db._request)
+        my_request_sig = (['self'] + my_request_sig[0],) + my_request_sig[1:]
+        self.assertEqual(
+            my_request_sig,
+            inspect.getargspec(http_database.HTTPDatabase._request))
+        my_request_json_sig = inspect.getargspec(self.db._request_json)
+        my_request_json_sig = ((['self'] + my_request_json_sig[0],) +
+                               my_request_json_sig[1:])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            my_request_json_sig,
+            inspect.getargspec(http_database.HTTPDatabase._request_json))
+
+    def test__ensure(self):
+        self.response_val = {'ok': True}, {}
+        self.db._ensure()
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', [], {}, {}, None), self.got)
+
+    def test__delete(self):
+        self.response_val = {'ok': True}, {}
+        self.db._delete()
+        self.assertEqual(('DELETE', [], {}, {}, None), self.got)
+
+    def test__check(self):
+        self.response_val = {}, {}
+        res = self.db._check()
+        self.assertEqual({}, res)
+        self.assertEqual(('GET', [], None, None, None), self.got)
+
+    def test_put_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev'}, {}
+        doc = Document('doc-id', None, '{"v": 1}')
+        res = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', res)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {},
+                          '{"v": 1}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-2'}, {}
+        doc.content = {"v": 2}
+        res = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', res)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'old_rev': 'doc-rev'},
+                          '{"v": 2}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = '{"v": 2}', {'x-u1db-rev': 'doc-rev',
+                                         'x-u1db-has-conflicts': 'false'}
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'doc-id', 'doc-rev', '{"v": 2}', False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'include_deleted': False}, None, None),
+            self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_non_existing(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.DocumentDoesNotExist()
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('not-there'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'not-there'], {'include_deleted': False}, None,
+             None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.DocumentDoesNotExist()
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('deleted'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'deleted'], {'include_deleted': False}, None,
+             None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted_include_deleted(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.HTTPError(
+            404,
+            json.dumps({"error": errors.DOCUMENT_DELETED}),
+            {'x-u1db-rev': 'doc-rev-gone',
+             'x-u1db-has-conflicts': 'false'})
+        doc = self.db.get_doc('deleted', include_deleted=True)
+        self.assertEqual('deleted', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-gone', doc.rev)
+        self.assertIs(None, doc.content)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'deleted'], {'include_deleted': True}, None, None),
+            self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_pass_through_errors(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.HTTPError(500, 'Crash.')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          self.db.get_doc, 'something-something')
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_id(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev'}, {}
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"v": 1}', doc_id='doc-id')
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-id', new_doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('{"v": 1}', new_doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {},
+                          '{"v": 1}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_create_doc_without_id(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-2'}, {}
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"v": 3}')
+        self.assertEqual('D-', new_doc.doc_id[:2])
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual('{"v": 3}', new_doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', new_doc.doc_id], {},
+                          '{"v": 3}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_delete_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-gone'}, {}
+        doc = Document('doc-id', 'doc-rev', None)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-gone', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('DELETE', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'old_rev': 'doc-rev'},
+                          None, None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_sync_target(self):
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+        self.assertIsInstance(st, http_target.HTTPSyncTarget)
+        self.assertEqual(st._url, self.db._url)
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestHTTPDatabaseIntegration(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    make_app_with_state = staticmethod(make_http_app)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPDatabaseIntegration, self).setUp()
+        self.startServer()
+
+    def test_non_existing_db(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('not-there'))
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist, db.get_doc, 'doc1')
+
+    def test__ensure(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('new'))
+        db._ensure()
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test__delete(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('db0'))
+        db._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_open_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_open_database_non_existing(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database,
+                          self.getURL('not-there'),
+                          create=False)
+
+    def test_open_database_create(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('new'),
+                                                      create=True)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_delete_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        http_database.HTTPDatabase.delete_database(self.getURL('db0'))
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_doc_ids_needing_quoting(self):
+        db0 = self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        doc = Document('%fff', None, '{}')
+        db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db0, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_https.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_https.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baffa723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_https.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+"""Test support for client-side https support."""
+
+import os
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+from paste import httpserver
+from unittest import skip
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_client
+
+from leap import soledad
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+
+
+def https_server_def():
+    def make_server(host_port, application):
+        from OpenSSL import SSL
+        cert_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testing-certs',
+                                 'testing.cert')
+        key_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testing-certs',
+                                'testing.key')
+        ssl_context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
+        ssl_context.use_privatekey_file(key_file)
+        ssl_context.use_certificate_chain_file(cert_file)
+        srv = httpserver.WSGIServerBase(application, host_port,
+                                        httpserver.WSGIHandler,
+                                        ssl_context=ssl_context
+                                        )
+
+        def shutdown_request(req):
+            req.shutdown()
+            srv.close_request(req)
+
+        srv.shutdown_request = shutdown_request
+        application.base_url = "https://localhost:%s" % srv.server_address[1]
+        return srv
+    return make_server, "shutdown", "https"
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestHttpSyncTargetHttpsSupport(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = []
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        try:
+            import OpenSSL  # noqa
+        except ImportError:
+            self.skipTest("Requires pyOpenSSL")
+        self.cacert_pem = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
+                                       'testing-certs', 'cacert.pem')
+        # The default u1db http_client class for doing HTTPS only does HTTPS
+        # if the platform is linux. Because of this, soledad replaces that
+        # class with one that will do HTTPS independent of the platform. In
+        # order to maintain the compatibility with u1db default tests, we undo
+        # that replacement here.
+        http_client._VerifiedHTTPSConnection = \
+            soledad.client.api.old__VerifiedHTTPSConnection
+        super(TestHttpSyncTargetHttpsSupport, self).setUp()
+
+    def getSyncTarget(self, host, path=None, cert_file=None):
+        if self.server is None:
+            self.startServer()
+        return self.sync_target(self, host, path, cert_file=cert_file)
+
+    def test_working(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        self.patch(http_client, 'CA_CERTS', self.cacert_pem)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('localhost', 'test')
+        remote_target.record_sync_info('other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-id'), db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id'))
+
+    def test_cannot_verify_cert(self):
+        if not sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            self.skipTest(
+                "XXX certificate verification happens on linux only for now")
+        self.startServer()
+        # don't print expected traceback server-side
+        self.server.handle_error = lambda req, cli_addr: None
+        self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('localhost', 'test')
+        try:
+            remote_target.record_sync_info('other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+        except ssl.SSLError, e:
+            self.assertIn("certificate verify failed", str(e))
+        else:
+            self.fail("certificate verification should have failed.")
+
+    def test_host_mismatch(self):
+        if not sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            self.skipTest(
+                "XXX certificate verification happens on linux only for now")
+        self.startServer()
+        self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        self.patch(http_client, 'CA_CERTS', self.cacert_pem)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('127.0.0.1', 'test')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            http_client.CertificateError, remote_target.record_sync_info,
+            'other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_open.py b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_open.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30d4de00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/test_open.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+# Copyright 2016 LEAP Encryption Access Project
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Test u1db.open"""
+
+import os
+from unittest import skip
+
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import (
+    errors, open as u1db_open,
+)
+from test_soledad import u1db_tests as tests
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.backends import sqlite_backend
+from test_soledad.u1db_tests.test_backends \
+    import TestAlternativeDocument
+
+
+@skip("Skiping tests imported from U1DB.")
+class TestU1DBOpen(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestU1DBOpen, self).setUp()
+        tmpdir = self.createTempDir()
+        self.db_path = tmpdir + '/test.db'
+
+    def test_open_no_create(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          u1db_open, self.db_path, create=False)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+
+    def test_open_create(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase)
+
+    def test_open_with_factory(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True,
+                       document_factory=TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        self.assertEqual(TestAlternativeDocument, db._factory)
+
+    def test_open_existing(self):
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.db_path)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        # Even though create=True, we shouldn't wipe the db
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        doc2 = db2.get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc, doc2)
+
+    def test_open_existing_no_create(self):
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.db_path)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=False)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/Makefile b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2385e75b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+CATOP=./demoCA
+ORIG_CONF=/usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
+ELEVEN_YEARS=-days 4015
+
+init:
+	cp $(ORIG_CONF) ca.conf
+	install -d $(CATOP)
+	install -d $(CATOP)/certs
+	install -d $(CATOP)/crl
+	install -d $(CATOP)/newcerts
+	install -d $(CATOP)/private
+	touch $(CATOP)/index.txt
+	echo 01>$(CATOP)/crlnumber
+	@echo '**** Making CA certificate ...'
+	openssl req -nodes -new \
+	 	-newkey rsa -keyout $(CATOP)/private/cakey.pem \
+		-out $(CATOP)/careq.pem \
+		-multivalue-rdn \
+        -subj "/C=UK/ST=-/O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NO TRUST/CN=u1db testing CA"
+	openssl ca -config ./ca.conf -create_serial \
+		-out $(CATOP)/cacert.pem $(ELEVEN_YEARS) -batch \
+		-keyfile $(CATOP)/private/cakey.pem -selfsign \
+		-extensions v3_ca -infiles $(CATOP)/careq.pem
+
+pems:
+	cp ./demoCA/cacert.pem .
+	openssl req -new -config ca.conf \
+		-multivalue-rdn \
+	-subj "/O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NOT TRUST/CN=localhost" \
+		-nodes -keyout testing.key -out newreq.pem $(ELEVEN_YEARS)
+	openssl ca -batch -config ./ca.conf $(ELEVEN_YEARS) \
+		-policy policy_anything \
+		-out testing.cert -infiles newreq.pem
+
+.PHONY: init pems
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/cacert.pem b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/cacert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c019a730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/cacert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number:
+            e4:de:01:76:c4:78:78:7e
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=UK, ST=-, O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NO TRUST, CN=u1db testing CA
+        Validity
+            Not Before: May  3 11:11:11 2012 GMT
+            Not After : May  1 11:11:11 2023 GMT
+        Subject: C=UK, ST=-, O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NO TRUST, CN=u1db testing CA
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:bc:91:a5:7f:7d:37:f7:06:c7:db:5b:83:6a:6b:
+                    63:c3:8b:5c:f7:84:4d:97:6d:d4:be:bf:e7:79:a8:
+                    c1:03:57:ec:90:d4:20:e7:02:95:d9:a6:49:e3:f9:
+                    9a:ea:37:b9:b2:02:62:ab:40:d3:42:bb:4a:4e:a2:
+                    47:71:0f:1d:a2:c5:94:a1:cf:35:d3:23:32:42:c0:
+                    1e:8d:cb:08:58:fb:8a:5c:3e:ea:eb:d5:2c:ed:d6:
+                    aa:09:b4:b5:7d:e3:45:c9:ae:c2:82:b2:ae:c0:81:
+                    bc:24:06:65:a9:e7:e0:61:ac:25:ee:53:d3:d7:be:
+                    22:f7:00:a2:ad:c6:0e:3a:39
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                DB:3D:93:51:6C:32:15:54:8F:10:50:FC:49:4F:36:15:28:BB:95:6D
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                keyid:DB:3D:93:51:6C:32:15:54:8F:10:50:FC:49:4F:36:15:28:BB:95:6D
+
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:TRUE
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         72:9b:c1:f7:07:65:83:36:25:4e:01:2f:b7:4a:f2:a4:00:28:
+         80:c7:56:2c:32:39:90:13:61:4b:bb:12:c5:44:9d:42:57:85:
+         28:19:70:69:e1:43:c8:bd:11:f6:94:df:91:2d:c3:ea:82:8d:
+         b4:8f:5d:47:a3:00:99:53:29:93:27:6c:c5:da:c1:20:6f:ab:
+         ec:4a:be:34:f3:8f:02:e5:0c:c0:03:ac:2b:33:41:71:4f:0a:
+         72:5a:b4:26:1a:7f:81:bc:c0:95:8a:06:87:a8:11:9f:5c:73:
+         38:df:5a:69:40:21:29:ad:46:23:56:75:e1:e9:8b:10:18:4c:
+         7b:54
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.cert b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.cert
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..985684fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.cert
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+Certificate:
+    Data:
+        Version: 3 (0x2)
+        Serial Number:
+            e4:de:01:76:c4:78:78:7f
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+        Issuer: C=UK, ST=-, O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NO TRUST, CN=u1db testing CA
+        Validity
+            Not Before: May  3 11:11:14 2012 GMT
+            Not After : May  1 11:11:14 2023 GMT
+        Subject: O=u1db LOCAL TESTING ONLY, DO NOT TRUST, CN=localhost
+        Subject Public Key Info:
+            Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
+                Public-Key: (1024 bit)
+                Modulus:
+                    00:c6:1d:72:d3:c5:e4:fc:d1:4c:d9:e4:08:3e:90:
+                    10:ce:3f:1f:87:4a:1d:4f:7f:2a:5a:52:c9:65:4f:
+                    d9:2c:bf:69:75:18:1a:b5:c9:09:32:00:47:f5:60:
+                    aa:c6:dd:3a:87:37:5f:16:be:de:29:b5:ea:fc:41:
+                    7e:eb:77:bb:df:63:c3:06:1e:ed:e9:a0:67:1a:f1:
+                    ec:e1:9d:f7:9c:8f:1c:fa:c3:66:7b:39:dc:70:ae:
+                    09:1b:9c:c0:9a:c4:90:77:45:8e:39:95:a9:2f:92:
+                    43:bd:27:07:5a:99:51:6e:76:a0:af:dd:b1:2c:8f:
+                    ca:8b:8c:47:0d:f6:6e:fc:69
+                Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
+        X509v3 extensions:
+            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
+                CA:FALSE
+            Netscape Comment: 
+                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
+            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
+                1C:63:85:E1:1D:F3:89:2E:6C:4E:3F:FB:D0:10:64:5A:C1:22:6A:2A
+            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
+                keyid:DB:3D:93:51:6C:32:15:54:8F:10:50:FC:49:4F:36:15:28:BB:95:6D
+
+    Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption
+         1d:6d:3e:bd:93:fd:bd:3e:17:b8:9f:f0:99:7f:db:50:5c:b2:
+         01:42:03:b5:d5:94:05:d3:f6:8e:80:82:55:47:1f:58:f2:18:
+         6c:ab:ef:43:2c:2f:10:e1:7c:c4:5c:cc:ac:50:50:22:42:aa:
+         35:33:f5:b9:f3:a6:66:55:d9:36:f4:f2:e4:d4:d9:b5:2c:52:
+         66:d4:21:17:97:22:b8:9b:d7:0e:7c:3d:ce:85:19:ca:c4:d2:
+         58:62:31:c6:18:3e:44:fc:f4:30:b6:95:87:ee:21:4a:08:f0:
+         af:3c:8f:c4:ba:5e:a1:5c:37:1a:7d:7b:fe:66:ae:62:50:17:
+         31:ca
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.key b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.key
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d83d4920
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/u1db_tests/testing-certs/testing.key
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/testing/test_soledad/util.py b/testing/test_soledad/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f81001b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/testing/test_soledad/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+# -*- CODING: UTF-8 -*-
+# util.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+Utilities used by multiple test suites.
+"""
+
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+import shutil
+import random
+import string
+import couchdb
+
+from uuid import uuid4
+from mock import Mock
+from urlparse import urljoin
+from StringIO import StringIO
+from pysqlcipher import dbapi2
+
+from twisted.trial import unittest
+
+from leap.common.testing.basetest import BaseLeapTest
+
+from leap.soledad.common import l2db
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db import sync
+from leap.soledad.common.l2db.remote import http_database
+
+from leap.soledad.common import soledad_assert
+from leap.soledad.common.document import SoledadDocument
+from leap.soledad.common.couch import CouchDatabase
+from leap.soledad.common.couch.state import CouchServerState
+
+from leap.soledad.common.crypto import ENC_SCHEME_KEY
+
+from leap.soledad.client import Soledad
+from leap.soledad.client import http_target
+from leap.soledad.client import auth
+from leap.soledad.client.crypto import decrypt_doc_dict
+from leap.soledad.client.sqlcipher import SQLCipherDatabase
+from leap.soledad.client.sqlcipher import SQLCipherOptions
+
+from leap.soledad.server import SoledadApp
+from leap.soledad.server.auth import SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware
+
+
+PASSWORD = '123456'
+ADDRESS = 'leap@leap.se'
+
+
+def make_local_db_and_target(test):
+    db = test.create_database('test')
+    st = db.get_sync_target()
+    return db, st
+
+
+def make_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    return SoledadDocument(doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+def make_sqlcipher_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    db = SQLCipherDatabase(
+        SQLCipherOptions(':memory:', PASSWORD))
+    db._set_replica_uid(replica_uid)
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_sqlcipher_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = make_sqlcipher_database_for_test(test, None)
+    tmpfile = StringIO()
+    for line in db._db_handle.iterdump():
+        if 'sqlite_sequence' not in line:  # work around bug in iterdump
+            tmpfile.write('%s\n' % line)
+    tmpfile.seek(0)
+    new_db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(':memory:')
+    new_db._db_handle.cursor().executescript(tmpfile.read())
+    new_db._db_handle.commit()
+    new_db._set_replica_uid(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS = [
+    ('sqlcipher', {'make_database_for_test': make_sqlcipher_database_for_test,
+                   'copy_database_for_test': copy_sqlcipher_database_for_test,
+                   'make_document_for_test': make_document_for_test, }),
+]
+
+
+def make_soledad_app(state):
+    return SoledadApp(state)
+
+
+def make_token_soledad_app(state):
+    app = SoledadApp(state)
+
+    def _verify_authentication_data(uuid, auth_data):
+        if uuid.startswith('user-') and auth_data == 'auth-token':
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    # we test for action authorization in leap.soledad.common.tests.test_server
+    def _verify_authorization(uuid, environ):
+        return True
+
+    application = SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware(app)
+    application._verify_authentication_data = _verify_authentication_data
+    application._verify_authorization = _verify_authorization
+    return application
+
+
+def make_soledad_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content,
+                                   has_conflicts=False):
+    return SoledadDocument(
+        doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+def make_token_http_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    test.startServer()
+    test.request_state._create_database(replica_uid)
+
+    class _HTTPDatabaseWithToken(
+            http_database.HTTPDatabase, auth.TokenBasedAuth):
+
+        def set_token_credentials(self, uuid, token):
+            auth.TokenBasedAuth.set_token_credentials(self, uuid, token)
+
+        def _sign_request(self, method, url_query, params):
+            return auth.TokenBasedAuth._sign_request(
+                self, method, url_query, params)
+
+    http_db = _HTTPDatabaseWithToken(test.getURL('test'))
+    http_db.set_token_credentials('user-uuid', 'auth-token')
+    return http_db
+
+
+def copy_token_http_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    http_db = test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+    http_db.set_token_credentials(http_db, 'user-uuid', 'auth-token')
+    return http_db
+
+
+def sync_via_synchronizer(test, db_source, db_target, trace_hook=None,
+                          trace_hook_shallow=None):
+    target = db_target.get_sync_target()
+    trace_hook = trace_hook or trace_hook_shallow
+    if trace_hook:
+        target._set_trace_hook(trace_hook)
+    return sync.Synchronizer(db_source, target).sync()
+
+
+class MockedSharedDBTest(object):
+
+    def get_default_shared_mock(self, put_doc_side_effect=None,
+                                get_doc_return_value=None):
+        """
+        Get a default class for mocking the shared DB
+        """
+        class defaultMockSharedDB(object):
+            get_doc = Mock(return_value=get_doc_return_value)
+            put_doc = Mock(side_effect=put_doc_side_effect)
+            open = Mock(return_value=None)
+            close = Mock(return_value=None)
+            syncable = True
+
+            def __call__(self):
+                return self
+        return defaultMockSharedDB
+
+
+def soledad_sync_target(
+        test, path, source_replica_uid=uuid4().hex,
+        sync_db=None, sync_enc_pool=None):
+    creds = {'token': {
+        'uuid': 'user-uuid',
+        'token': 'auth-token',
+    }}
+    return http_target.SoledadHTTPSyncTarget(
+        test.getURL(path),
+        source_replica_uid,
+        creds,
+        test._soledad._crypto,
+        None,  # cert_file
+        sync_db=sync_db,
+        sync_enc_pool=sync_enc_pool)
+
+
+# redefine the base leap test class so it inherits from twisted trial's
+# TestCase. This is needed so trial knows that it has to manage a reactor and
+# wait for deferreds returned by tests to be fired.
+BaseLeapTest = type(
+    'BaseLeapTest', (unittest.TestCase,), dict(BaseLeapTest.__dict__))
+
+
+class BaseSoledadTest(BaseLeapTest, MockedSharedDBTest):
+
+    """
+    Instantiates Soledad for usage in tests.
+    """
+    defer_sync_encryption = False
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # The following snippet comes from BaseLeapTest.setUpClass, but we
+        # repeat it here because twisted.trial does not work with
+        # setUpClass/tearDownClass.
+
+        self.old_path = os.environ['PATH']
+        self.old_home = os.environ['HOME']
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="leap_tests-")
+        self.home = self.tempdir
+        bin_tdir = os.path.join(
+            self.tempdir,
+            'bin')
+        os.environ["PATH"] = bin_tdir
+        os.environ["HOME"] = self.tempdir
+
+        # config info
+        self.db1_file = os.path.join(self.tempdir, "db1.u1db")
+        self.db2_file = os.path.join(self.tempdir, "db2.u1db")
+        self.email = ADDRESS
+        # open test dbs
+        self._db1 = l2db.open(self.db1_file, create=True,
+                              document_factory=SoledadDocument)
+        self._db2 = l2db.open(self.db2_file, create=True,
+                              document_factory=SoledadDocument)
+        # get a random prefix for each test, so we do not mess with
+        # concurrency during initialization and shutting down of
+        # each local db.
+        self.rand_prefix = ''.join(
+            map(lambda x: random.choice(string.ascii_letters), range(6)))
+
+        # initialize soledad by hand so we can control keys
+        # XXX check if this soledad is actually used
+        self._soledad = self._soledad_instance(
+            prefix=self.rand_prefix, user=self.email)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self._db1.close()
+        self._db2.close()
+        self._soledad.close()
+
+        # restore paths
+        os.environ["PATH"] = self.old_path
+        os.environ["HOME"] = self.old_home
+
+        def _delete_temporary_dirs():
+            # XXX should not access "private" attrs
+            for f in [self._soledad.local_db_path,
+                      self._soledad.secrets.secrets_path]:
+                if os.path.isfile(f):
+                    os.unlink(f)
+            # The following snippet comes from BaseLeapTest.setUpClass, but we
+            # repeat it here because twisted.trial does not work with
+            # setUpClass/tearDownClass.
+            soledad_assert(
+                self.tempdir.startswith('/tmp/leap_tests-'),
+                "beware! tried to remove a dir which does not "
+                "live in temporal folder!")
+            shutil.rmtree(self.tempdir)
+
+        from twisted.internet import reactor
+        reactor.addSystemEventTrigger(
+            "after", "shutdown", _delete_temporary_dirs)
+
+    def _soledad_instance(self, user=ADDRESS, passphrase=u'123',
+                          prefix='',
+                          secrets_path='secrets.json',
+                          local_db_path='soledad.u1db',
+                          server_url='https://127.0.0.1/',
+                          cert_file=None,
+                          shared_db_class=None,
+                          auth_token='auth-token'):
+
+        def _put_doc_side_effect(doc):
+            self._doc_put = doc
+
+        if shared_db_class is not None:
+            MockSharedDB = shared_db_class
+        else:
+            MockSharedDB = self.get_default_shared_mock(
+                _put_doc_side_effect)
+
+        soledad = Soledad(
+            user,
+            passphrase,
+            secrets_path=os.path.join(
+                self.tempdir, prefix, secrets_path),
+            local_db_path=os.path.join(
+                self.tempdir, prefix, local_db_path),
+            server_url=server_url,  # Soledad will fail if not given an url.
+            cert_file=cert_file,
+            defer_encryption=self.defer_sync_encryption,
+            shared_db=MockSharedDB(),
+            auth_token=auth_token)
+        self.addCleanup(soledad.close)
+        return soledad
+
+    def assertGetEncryptedDoc(
+            self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts):
+        """
+        Assert that the document in the database looks correct.
+        """
+        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+        doc = db.get_doc(doc_id)
+
+        if ENC_SCHEME_KEY in doc.content:
+            # XXX check for SYM_KEY too
+            key = self._soledad._crypto.doc_passphrase(doc.doc_id)
+            secret = self._soledad._crypto.secret
+            decrypted = decrypt_doc_dict(
+                doc.content, doc.doc_id, doc.rev,
+                key, secret)
+            doc.set_json(decrypted)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc.rev, doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc.has_conflicts, doc.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc.content, doc.content)
+
+
+class CouchDBTestCase(unittest.TestCase, MockedSharedDBTest):
+
+    """
+    TestCase base class for tests against a real CouchDB server.
+    """
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """
+        Make sure we have a CouchDB instance for a test.
+        """
+        self.couch_port = 5984
+        self.couch_url = 'http://localhost:%d' % self.couch_port
+        self.couch_server = couchdb.Server(self.couch_url)
+
+    def delete_db(self, name):
+        try:
+            self.couch_server.delete(name)
+        except:
+            # ignore if already missing
+            pass
+
+
+class CouchServerStateForTests(CouchServerState):
+
+    """
+    This is a slightly modified CouchDB server state that allows for creating
+    a database.
+
+    Ordinarily, the CouchDB server state does not allow some operations,
+    because for security purposes the Soledad Server should not even have
+    enough permissions to perform them. For tests, we allow database creation,
+    otherwise we'd have to create those databases in setUp/tearDown methods,
+    which is less pleasant than allowing the db to be automatically created.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.dbs = []
+        super(CouchServerStateForTests, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _create_database(self, replica_uid=None, dbname=None):
+        """
+        Create db and append to a list, allowing test to close it later
+        """
+        dbname = dbname or ('test-%s' % uuid4().hex)
+        db = CouchDatabase.open_database(
+            urljoin(self.couch_url, dbname),
+            True,
+            replica_uid=replica_uid or 'test',
+            ensure_ddocs=True)
+        self.dbs.append(db)
+        return db
+
+    def ensure_database(self, dbname):
+        db = self._create_database(dbname=dbname)
+        return db, db.replica_uid
+
+
+class SoledadWithCouchServerMixin(
+        BaseSoledadTest,
+        CouchDBTestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        CouchDBTestCase.setUp(self)
+        BaseSoledadTest.setUp(self)
+        main_test_class = getattr(self, 'main_test_class', None)
+        if main_test_class is not None:
+            main_test_class.setUp(self)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        main_test_class = getattr(self, 'main_test_class', None)
+        if main_test_class is not None:
+            main_test_class.tearDown(self)
+        # delete the test database
+        BaseSoledadTest.tearDown(self)
+        CouchDBTestCase.tearDown(self)
+
+    def make_app(self):
+        self.request_state = CouchServerStateForTests(self.couch_url)
+        self.addCleanup(self.delete_dbs)
+        return self.make_app_with_state(self.request_state)
+
+    def delete_dbs(self):
+        for db in self.request_state.dbs:
+            self.delete_db(db._dbname)