Merge tag '0.8.0' into debian/experimental

Tag soledad version 0.8.0

14 files changed, 2447 insertions, 779 deletions

diff --git a/server/MANIFEST.in b/server/MANIFEST.in
index 7f6148ef..f047f3ee 100644
--- a/server/MANIFEST.in
+++ b/server/MANIFEST.in
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ include pkg/*
 include versioneer.py
 include LICENSE
 include CHANGELOG
+include src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py
diff --git a/server/changes/next-changelog.rst b/server/changes/next-changelog.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdc9f893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/changes/next-changelog.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+0.8.1 - ...
+++++++++++++++++++++
+
+Please add lines to this file, they will be moved to the CHANGELOG.rst during
+the next release.
+
+There are two template lines for each category, use them as reference.
+
+I've added a new category `Misc` so we can track doc/style/packaging stuff.
+
+Features
+~~~~~~~~
+- `#1234 <https://leap.se/code/issues/1234>`_: Description of the new feature corresponding with issue #1234.
+- New feature without related issue number.
+
+Bugfixes
+~~~~~~~~
+- `#1235 <https://leap.se/code/issues/1235>`_: Description for the fixed stuff corresponding with issue #1235.
+- Bugfix without related issue number.
+
+Misc
+~~~~
+- `#1236 <https://leap.se/code/issues/1236>`_: Description of the new feature corresponding with issue #1236.
+- Some change without issue number.
+
+Known Issues
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+- `#1236 <https://leap.se/code/issues/1236>`_: Description of the known issue corresponding with issue #1236.
diff --git a/server/pkg/create-user-db b/server/pkg/create-user-db
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..54856643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/pkg/create-user-db
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# create-user-db
+# Copyright (C) 2015 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+import os
+import sys
+import netrc
+import argparse
+from leap.soledad.common.couch import CouchDatabase
+from leap.soledad.common.couch.state import is_db_name_valid
+from leap.soledad.common.couch import list_users_dbs
+from leap.soledad.server import load_configuration
+
+
+description = """
+Creates a user database.
+This is meant to be used by Soledad Server.
+"""
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=description)
+parser.add_argument('dbname', metavar='user-d34db33f', type=str,
+                    default='', nargs='?',
+                    help='database name on the format user-{uuid4}')
+parser.add_argument('--migrate-all', action='store_true',
+                    help="recreate all design docs for all existing account")
+CONF = load_configuration('/etc/soledad/soledad-server.conf')
+NETRC_PATH = CONF['soledad-server']['admin_netrc']
+
+
+def url_for_db(dbname):
+    if not os.path.exists(NETRC_PATH):
+        print ('netrc not found in %s' % NETRC_PATH)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    parsed_netrc = netrc.netrc(NETRC_PATH)
+    host, (login, _, password) = parsed_netrc.hosts.items()[0]
+    url = ('http://%(login)s:%(password)s@%(host)s:5984/%(dbname)s' % {
+           'login': login,
+           'password': password,
+           'host': host,
+           'dbname': dbname})
+    return url
+
+
+def ensure_database(dbname):
+    """
+    This method will ensure that a database named `dbname` will exist
+    or created if it doesn't. Calling it twice will ensure that design
+    documents are present and updated.
+    The database name has to match this criteria to be considered valid:
+    user-[a-f0-9]+
+
+    :param dbname: name of the user database
+    :type dbname: str
+    """
+    if not is_db_name_valid(dbname):
+        print ("Invalid name! %s" % dbname)
+        sys.exit(1)
+    url = url_for_db(dbname)
+    db_security = CONF['database-security']
+    db = CouchDatabase.open_database(url=url, create=True,
+                                     replica_uid=None, ensure_ddocs=True,
+                                     database_security=db_security)
+    print ('success! Ensured that database %s exists, with replica_uid: %s' %
+           (db._dbname, db.replica_uid))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.migrate_all:
+        couch_url = url_for_db('')
+        for dbname in list_users_dbs(couch_url):
+            ensure_database(dbname)
+    else:
+        ensure_database(args.dbname)
diff --git a/server/pkg/requirements.pip b/server/pkg/requirements.pip
index ca8ba42a..c99b2715 100644
--- a/server/pkg/requirements.pip
+++ b/server/pkg/requirements.pip
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 configparser
-couchdb
 u1db
 routes
 PyOpenSSL
-twisted
-# XXX -- fix me!
-# oauth is not strictly needed by us, but we need it until u1db adds it to its
-# release as a dep.
+twisted>=12.3.0
+Beaker
+couchdb
+
 oauth
diff --git a/server/pkg/soledad-server b/server/pkg/soledad-server
index d127c5c5..da00e06b 100644
--- a/server/pkg/soledad-server
+++ b/server/pkg/soledad-server
@@ -11,12 +11,12 @@
 
 PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
 PIDFILE=/var/run/soledad.pid
-RUNDIR=/var/lib/soledad/
 OBJ=leap.soledad.server.application
 LOGFILE=/var/log/soledad.log
 HTTPS_PORT=2424
-CERT_PATH=/etc/leap/soledad-server.pem
-PRIVKEY_PATH=/etc/leap/soledad-server.key
+CONFDIR=/etc/soledad
+CERT_PATH="${CONFDIR}/soledad-server.pem"
+PRIVKEY_PATH="${CONFDIR}/soledad-server.key"
 TWISTD_PATH=/usr/bin/twistd
 HOME=/var/lib/soledad/
 SSL_METHOD=SSLv23_METHOD
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ GROUP=soledad
 
 [ -r /etc/default/soledad ] && . /etc/default/soledad
 
-test -r /etc/leap/ || exit 0
+test -r ${CONFDIR} || exit 0
 
 . /lib/lsb/init-functions
 
diff --git a/server/setup.cfg b/server/setup.cfg
index 6b530888..af7c5280 100644
--- a/server/setup.cfg
+++ b/server/setup.cfg
@@ -5,3 +5,10 @@ ignore = E731
 [flake8]
 exclude = versioneer.py,_version.py,ddocs.py,*.egg,build
 ignore = E731
+
+[versioneer]
+VCS = git
+style = pep440
+versionfile_source = src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py
+versionfile_build = leap/soledad/server/_version.py
+tag_prefix = 
diff --git a/server/setup.py b/server/setup.py
index b3942551..8a7fbe45 100644
--- a/server/setup.py
+++ b/server/setup.py
@@ -22,14 +22,10 @@ import re
 from setuptools import setup
 from setuptools import find_packages
 from setuptools import Command
+import versioneer
 
 from pkg import utils
 
-import versioneer
-versioneer.versionfile_source = 'src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py'
-versioneer.versionfile_build = 'leap/soledad/server/_version.py'
-versioneer.tag_prefix = ''  # tags are like 1.2.0
-versioneer.parentdir_prefix = 'leap.soledad.server-'
 
 isset = lambda var: os.environ.get(var, None)
 if isset('VIRTUAL_ENV') or isset('LEAP_SKIP_INIT'):
@@ -53,11 +49,11 @@ trove_classifiers = (
     "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"
 )
 
-DOWNLOAD_BASE = ('https://github.com/leapcode/soledad/'
+DOWNLOAD_BASE = ('https://github.com/leapcode/bitmask_client/'
                  'archive/%s.tar.gz')
 _versions = versioneer.get_versions()
 VERSION = _versions['version']
-VERSION_FULL = _versions['full']
+VERSION_REVISION = _versions['full-revisionid']
 DOWNLOAD_URL = ""
 
 # get the short version for the download url
@@ -66,15 +62,30 @@ if len(_version_short) > 0:
     VERSION_SHORT = _version_short[0]
     DOWNLOAD_URL = DOWNLOAD_BASE % VERSION_SHORT
 
-cmdclass = versioneer.get_cmdclass()
-
 
 class freeze_debianver(Command):
+
     """
     Freezes the version in a debian branch.
     To be used after merging the development branch onto the debian one.
     """
     user_options = []
+    template = r"""
+# This file was generated by the `freeze_debianver` command in setup.py
+# Using 'versioneer.py' (0.16) from
+# revision-control system data, or from the parent directory name of an
+# unpacked source archive. Distribution tarballs contain a pre-generated copy
+# of this file.
+
+version_version = '{version}'
+full_revisionid = '{full_revisionid}'
+"""
+    templatefun = r"""
+
+def get_versions(default={}, verbose=False):
+        return {'version': version_version,
+                'full-revisionid': full_revisionid}
+"""
 
     def initialize_options(self):
         pass
@@ -88,28 +99,15 @@ class freeze_debianver(Command):
         if proceed != "y":
             print("He. You scared. Aborting.")
             return
-        template = r"""
-# This file was generated by the `freeze_debianver` command in setup.py
-# Using 'versioneer.py' (0.7+) from
-# revision-control system data, or from the parent directory name of an
-# unpacked source archive. Distribution tarballs contain a pre-generated copy
-# of this file.
-
-version_version = '{version}'
-version_full = '{version_full}'
-"""
-        templatefun = r"""
-
-def get_versions(default={}, verbose=False):
-        return {'version': version_version, 'full': version_full}
-"""
-        subst_template = template.format(
+        subst_template = self.template.format(
             version=VERSION_SHORT,
-            version_full=VERSION_FULL) + templatefun
-        with open(versioneer.versionfile_source, 'w') as f:
+            full_revisionid=VERSION_REVISION) + self.templatefun
+        versioneer_cfg = versioneer.get_config_from_root('.')
+        with open(versioneer_cfg.versionfile_source, 'w') as f:
             f.write(subst_template)
 
 
+cmdclass = versioneer.get_cmdclass()
 cmdclass["freeze_debianver"] = freeze_debianver
 
 # XXX add ref to docs
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/__init__.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/__init__.py
index 1b795016..22894dac 100644
--- a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/__init__.py
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/__init__.py
@@ -94,12 +94,6 @@ from u1db.remote import http_app, utils
 
 from ._version import get_versions
 
-# Keep OpenSSL's tsafe before importing Twisted submodules so we can put
-# it back if Twisted==12.0.0 messes with it.
-from OpenSSL import tsafe
-
-from twisted import version
-
 from leap.soledad.server.auth import SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware
 from leap.soledad.server.gzip_middleware import GzipMiddleware
 from leap.soledad.server.lock_resource import LockResource
@@ -110,14 +104,8 @@ from leap.soledad.server.sync import (
 )
 
 from leap.soledad.common import SHARED_DB_NAME
-from leap.soledad.common.couch import CouchServerState
-
-old_tsafe = tsafe
-
-if version.base() == "12.0.0":
-    # Put OpenSSL's tsafe back into place. This can probably be removed if we
-    # come to use Twisted>=12.3.0.
-    sys.modules['OpenSSL.tsafe'] = old_tsafe
+from leap.soledad.common.backend import SoledadBackend
+from leap.soledad.common.couch.state import CouchServerState
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Soledad WSGI application
@@ -272,6 +260,21 @@ http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody = HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Auxiliary functions
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CONFIG_DEFAULTS = {
+    'soledad-server': {
+        'couch_url': 'http://localhost:5984',
+        'create_cmd': None,
+        'admin_netrc': '/etc/couchdb/couchdb-admin.netrc',
+        'batching': False
+    },
+    'database-security': {
+        'members': ['soledad'],
+        'members_roles': [],
+        'admins': [],
+        'admins_roles': []
+    }
+}
+
 
 def load_configuration(file_path):
     """
@@ -283,18 +286,26 @@ def load_configuration(file_path):
     @return: A dictionary with the configuration.
     @rtype: dict
     """
-    conf = {
-        'couch_url': 'http://localhost:5984',
-    }
-    config = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    defaults = dict(CONFIG_DEFAULTS)
+    config = configparser.SafeConfigParser()
     config.read(file_path)
-    if 'soledad-server' in config:
-        for key in conf:
-            if key in config['soledad-server']:
-                conf[key] = config['soledad-server'][key]
+    for section in defaults:
+        if not config.has_section(section):
+            continue
+        for key, value in defaults[section].items():
+            if not config.has_option(section, key):
+                continue
+            elif type(value) == bool:
+                defaults[section][key] = config.getboolean(section, key)
+            elif type(value) == list:
+                values = config.get(section, key).split(',')
+                values = [v.strip() for v in values]
+                defaults[section][key] = values
+            else:
+                defaults[section][key] = config.get(section, key)
     # TODO: implement basic parsing/sanitization of options comming from
     # config file.
-    return conf
+    return defaults
 
 
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -302,8 +313,10 @@ def load_configuration(file_path):
 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 def application(environ, start_response):
-    conf = load_configuration('/etc/leap/soledad-server.conf')
-    state = CouchServerState(conf['couch_url'])
+    conf = load_configuration('/etc/soledad/soledad-server.conf')
+    conf = conf['soledad-server']
+    state = CouchServerState(conf['couch_url'], create_cmd=conf['create_cmd'])
+    SoledadBackend.BATCH_SUPPORT = conf['batching']
     # WSGI application that may be used by `twistd -web`
     application = GzipMiddleware(
         SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware(SoledadApp(state)))
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py
index 62315c76..8c27440f 100644
--- a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py
@@ -1,13 +1,484 @@
 
-# This file was generated by the `freeze_debianver` command in setup.py
-# Using 'versioneer.py' (0.7+) from
-# revision-control system data, or from the parent directory name of an
-# unpacked source archive. Distribution tarballs contain a pre-generated copy
-# of this file.
+# This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
+# git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
+# feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
+# directories (produced by setup.py build) will contain a much shorter file
+# that just contains the computed version number.
 
-version_version = '0.7.4'
-version_full = '49fd07cde3b1f50dcce85d4e9fcdfc6196f484c4'
+# This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
+# versioneer-0.16 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
 
+"""Git implementation of _version.py."""
 
-def get_versions(default={}, verbose=False):
-        return {'version': version_version, 'full': version_full}
+import errno
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+def get_keywords():
+    """Get the keywords needed to look up the version information."""
+    # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
+    # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
+    # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
+    # get_keywords().
+    git_refnames = "$Format:%d$"
+    git_full = "$Format:%H$"
+    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full}
+    return keywords
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_config():
+    """Create, populate and return the VersioneerConfig() object."""
+    # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
+    # _version.py
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = "git"
+    cfg.style = "pep440"
+    cfg.tag_prefix = ""
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = "None"
+    cfg.versionfile_source = "src/leap/soledad/server/_version.py"
+    cfg.verbose = False
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None
+    else:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,))
+        return None
+    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        stdout = stdout.decode()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
+        return None
+    return stdout
+
+
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
+    both the project name and a version string.
+    """
+    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+        if verbose:
+            print("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with "
+                  "prefix '%s'" % (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
+        raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+            "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": False, "error": None}
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
+    # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
+    # _version.py.
+    keywords = {}
+    try:
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+            if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
+                mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
+                if mo:
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
+        f.close()
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    return keywords
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
+    if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
+        if verbose:
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
+    refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
+    # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
+    # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
+    TAG = "tag: "
+    tags = set([r[len(TAG):] for r in refs if r.startswith(TAG)])
+    if not tags:
+        # Either we're using git < 1.8.3, or there really are no tags. We use
+        # a heuristic: assume all version tags have a digit. The old git %d
+        # expansion behaves like git log --decorate=short and strips out the
+        # refs/heads/ and refs/tags/ prefixes that would let us distinguish
+        # between branches and tags. By ignoring refnames without digits, we
+        # filter out many common branch names like "release" and
+        # "stabilization", as well as "HEAD" and "master".
+        tags = set([r for r in refs if re.search(r'\d', r)])
+        if verbose:
+            print("discarding '%s', no digits" % ",".join(refs-tags))
+    if verbose:
+        print("likely tags: %s" % ",".join(sorted(tags)))
+    for ref in sorted(tags):
+        # sorting will prefer e.g. "2.0" over "2.0rc1"
+        if ref.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
+            if verbose:
+                print("picking %s" % r)
+            return {"version": r,
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None
+                    }
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
+    if verbose:
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags"}
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
+
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
+        if verbose:
+            print("no .git in %s" % root)
+        raise NotThisMethod("no .git directory")
+
+    GITS = ["git"]
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                      "--always", "--long",
+                                      "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
+                               cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
+                               % describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
+    else:
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
+
+    return pieces
+
+
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
+
+
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
+
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"]}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None}
+
+
+def get_versions():
+    """Get version information or return default if unable to do so."""
+    # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
+    # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
+    # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
+    # case we can only use expanded keywords.
+
+    cfg = get_config()
+    verbose = cfg.verbose
+
+    try:
+        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
+                                          verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        root = os.path.realpath(__file__)
+        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
+        # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
+        # this to find the root from __file__.
+        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)
+    except NameError:
+        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": "unable to find root of source tree"}
+
+    try:
+        pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
+        return render(pieces, cfg.style)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
+            return versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": "unable to compute version"}
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/auth.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/auth.py
index 02b54cca..ccbd6fbd 100644
--- a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/auth.py
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/auth.py
@@ -21,20 +21,16 @@ Authentication facilities for Soledad Server.
 """
 
 
-import time
 import httplib
 import json
 
 from u1db import DBNAME_CONSTRAINTS, errors as u1db_errors
 from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
 from routes.mapper import Mapper
-from couchdb.client import Server
 from twisted.python import log
-from hashlib import sha512
 
 from leap.soledad.common import SHARED_DB_NAME
 from leap.soledad.common import USER_DB_PREFIX
-from leap.soledad.common.errors import InvalidAuthTokenError
 
 
 class URLToAuthorization(object):
@@ -351,14 +347,12 @@ class SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware(SoledadAuthMiddleware):
     Token based authentication.
     """
 
-    TOKENS_DB_PREFIX = "tokens_"
-    TOKENS_DB_EXPIRE = 30 * 24 * 3600  # 30 days in seconds
-    TOKENS_TYPE_KEY = "type"
-    TOKENS_TYPE_DEF = "Token"
-    TOKENS_USER_ID_KEY = "user_id"
-
     TOKEN_AUTH_ERROR_STRING = "Incorrect address or token."
 
+    def __init__(self, app):
+        self._state = app.state
+        super(SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware, self).__init__(app)
+
     def _verify_authentication_scheme(self, scheme):
         """
         Verify if authentication scheme is valid.
@@ -391,50 +385,11 @@ class SoledadTokenAuthMiddleware(SoledadAuthMiddleware):
         """
         token = auth_data  # we expect a cleartext token at this point
         try:
-            return self._verify_token_in_couch(uuid, token)
-        except InvalidAuthTokenError:
-            raise
+            return self._state.verify_token(uuid, token)
         except Exception as e:
             log.err(e)
             return False
 
-    def _verify_token_in_couch(self, uuid, token):
-        """
-        Query couchdb to decide if C{token} is valid for C{uuid}.
-
-        @param uuid: The user uuid.
-        @type uuid: str
-        @param token: The token.
-        @type token: str
-
-        @raise InvalidAuthTokenError: Raised when token received from user is
-                                      either missing in the tokens db or is
-                                      invalid.
-        """
-        server = Server(url=self._app.state.couch_url)
-        # the tokens db rotates every 30 days, and the current db name is
-        # "tokens_NNN", where NNN is the number of seconds since epoch divided
-        # by the rotate period in seconds. When rotating, old and new tokens
-        # db coexist during a certain window of time and valid tokens are
-        # replicated from the old db to the new one. See:
-        # https://leap.se/code/issues/6785
-        dbname = self.TOKENS_DB_PREFIX + \
-            str(int(time.time() / self.TOKENS_DB_EXPIRE))
-        db = server[dbname]
-        # lookup key is a hash of the token to prevent timing attacks.
-        token = db.get(sha512(token).hexdigest())
-        if token is None:
-            raise InvalidAuthTokenError()
-        # we compare uuid hashes to avoid possible timing attacks that
-        # might exploit python's builtin comparison operator behaviour,
-        # which fails immediatelly when non-matching bytes are found.
-        couch_uuid_hash = sha512(token[self.TOKENS_USER_ID_KEY]).digest()
-        req_uuid_hash = sha512(uuid).digest()
-        if token[self.TOKENS_TYPE_KEY] != self.TOKENS_TYPE_DEF \
-                or couch_uuid_hash != req_uuid_hash:
-            raise InvalidAuthTokenError()
-        return True
-
     def _get_auth_error_string(self):
         """
         Get the error string for token auth.
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/caching.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/caching.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9a049a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/caching.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# caching.py
+# Copyright (C) 2015 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+Server side caching. Using beaker for now.
+"""
+from beaker.cache import CacheManager
+
+
+def setup_caching():
+    _cache_manager = CacheManager(type='memory')
+    return _cache_manager
+
+
+_cache_manager = setup_caching()
+
+
+def get_cache_for(key, expire=3600):
+    return _cache_manager.get_cache(key, expire=expire)
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/state.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/state.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f269b77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/state.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# state.py
+# Copyright (C) 2015 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+"""
+Server side synchronization infrastructure.
+"""
+from leap.soledad.server import caching
+
+
+class ServerSyncState(object):
+    """
+    The state of one sync session, as stored on backend server.
+
+    On server side, the ongoing syncs metadata is maintained in
+    a caching layer.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, source_replica_uid, sync_id):
+        """
+        Initialize the sync state object.
+
+        :param sync_id: The id of current sync
+        :type sync_id: str
+        :param source_replica_uid: The source replica uid
+        :type source_replica_uid: str
+        """
+        self._source_replica_uid = source_replica_uid
+        self._sync_id = sync_id
+        caching_key = source_replica_uid + sync_id
+        self._storage = caching.get_cache_for(caching_key)
+
+    def _put_dict_info(self, key, value):
+        """
+        Put some information about the sync state.
+
+        :param key: The key for the info to be put.
+        :type key: str
+        :param value: The value for the info to be put.
+        :type value: str
+        """
+        if key not in self._storage:
+            self._storage[key] = []
+        info_list = self._storage.get(key)
+        info_list.append(value)
+        self._storage[key] = info_list
+
+    def put_seen_id(self, seen_id, gen):
+        """
+        Put one seen id on the sync state.
+
+        :param seen_id: The doc_id of a document seen during sync.
+        :type seen_id: str
+        :param gen: The corresponding db generation.
+        :type gen: int
+        """
+        self._put_dict_info(
+            'seen_id',
+            (seen_id, gen))
+
+    def seen_ids(self):
+        """
+        Return all document ids seen during the sync.
+
+        :return: A dict with doc ids seen during the sync.
+        :rtype: dict
+        """
+        if 'seen_id' in self._storage:
+            seen_ids = self._storage.get('seen_id')
+        else:
+            seen_ids = []
+        return dict(seen_ids)
+
+    def put_changes_to_return(self, gen, trans_id, changes_to_return):
+        """
+        Put the calculated changes to return in the backend sync state.
+
+        :param gen: The target database generation that will be synced.
+        :type gen: int
+        :param trans_id: The target database transaction id that will be
+                         synced.
+        :type trans_id: str
+        :param changes_to_return: A list of tuples with the changes to be
+                                  returned during the sync process.
+        :type changes_to_return: list
+        """
+        self._put_dict_info(
+            'changes_to_return',
+            {
+                'gen': gen,
+                'trans_id': trans_id,
+                'changes_to_return': changes_to_return,
+            }
+        )
+
+    def sync_info(self):
+        """
+        Return information about the current sync state.
+
+        :return: The generation and transaction id of the target database
+                 which will be synced, and the number of documents to return,
+                 or a tuple of Nones if those have not already been sent to
+                 server.
+        :rtype: tuple
+        """
+        gen = trans_id = number_of_changes = None
+        if 'changes_to_return' in self._storage:
+            info = self._storage.get('changes_to_return')[0]
+            gen = info['gen']
+            trans_id = info['trans_id']
+            number_of_changes = len(info['changes_to_return'])
+        return gen, trans_id, number_of_changes
+
+    def next_change_to_return(self, received):
+        """
+        Return the next change to be returned to the source syncing replica.
+
+        :param received: How many documents the source replica has already
+                         received during the current sync process.
+        :type received: int
+        """
+        gen = trans_id = next_change_to_return = None
+        if 'changes_to_return' in self._storage:
+            info = self._storage.get('changes_to_return')[0]
+            gen = info['gen']
+            trans_id = info['trans_id']
+            if received < len(info['changes_to_return']):
+                next_change_to_return = (info['changes_to_return'][received])
+        return gen, trans_id, next_change_to_return
diff --git a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/sync.py b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/sync.py
index 18c4ee40..96f65912 100644
--- a/server/src/leap/soledad/server/sync.py
+++ b/server/src/leap/soledad/server/sync.py
@@ -17,189 +17,22 @@
 """
 Server side synchronization infrastructure.
 """
-import json
-
-from leap.soledad.common.couch import CouchDatabase
 from u1db import sync, Document
 from u1db.remote import http_app
+from leap.soledad.server.state import ServerSyncState
+from leap.soledad.server.caching import get_cache_for
 
 
 MAX_REQUEST_SIZE = 200  # in Mb
 MAX_ENTRY_SIZE = 200  # in Mb
 
 
-class ServerSyncState(object):
-    """
-    The state of one sync session, as stored on backend server.
-
-    This object performes queries to distinct design documents:
-
-        _design/syncs/_update/state
-        _design/syncs/_view/state
-        _design/syncs/_view/seen_ids
-        _design/syncs/_view/changes_to_return
-
-    On server side, the ongoing syncs metadata is maintained in a document
-    called 'u1db_sync_state'.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, db, source_replica_uid, sync_id):
-        """
-        Initialize the sync state object.
-
-        :param db: The target syncing database.
-        :type db: CouchDatabase.
-        :param source_replica_uid: CouchDatabase
-        :type source_replica_uid: str
-        """
-        self._db = db
-        self._source_replica_uid = source_replica_uid
-        self._sync_id = sync_id
-
-    def _key(self, key):
-        """
-        Format a key to be used on couch views.
-
-        :param key: The lookup key.
-        :type key: json serializable object
-
-        :return: The properly formatted key.
-        :rtype: str
-        """
-        return json.dumps(key, separators=(',', ':'))
-
-    def _put_info(self, key, value):
-        """
-        Put some information on the sync state document.
-
-        This method works in conjunction with the
-        _design/syncs/_update/state update handler couch backend.
-
-        :param key: The key for the info to be put.
-        :type key: str
-        :param value: The value for the info to be put.
-        :type value: str
-        """
-        ddoc_path = [
-            '_design', 'syncs', '_update', 'state',
-            'u1db_sync_state']
-        res = self._db._database.resource(*ddoc_path)
-        with CouchDatabase.sync_info_lock[self._db.replica_uid]:
-            res.put_json(
-                body={
-                    'sync_id': self._sync_id,
-                    'source_replica_uid': self._source_replica_uid,
-                    key: value,
-                },
-                headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
-
-    def put_seen_id(self, seen_id, gen):
-        """
-        Put one seen id on the sync state document.
-
-        :param seen_id: The doc_id of a document seen during sync.
-        :type seen_id: str
-        :param gen: The corresponding db generation for that document.
-        :type gen: int
-        """
-        self._put_info(
-            'seen_id',
-            [seen_id, gen])
-
-    def seen_ids(self):
-        """
-        Return all document ids seen during the sync.
-
-        :return: A list with doc ids seen during the sync.
-        :rtype: list
-        """
-        ddoc_path = ['_design', 'syncs', '_view', 'seen_ids']
-        resource = self._db._database.resource(*ddoc_path)
-        response = resource.get_json(
-            key=self._key([self._source_replica_uid, self._sync_id]))
-        data = response[2]
-        if data['rows']:
-            entry = data['rows'].pop()
-            return entry['value']['seen_ids']
-        return []
-
-    def put_changes_to_return(self, gen, trans_id, changes_to_return):
-        """
-        Put the calculated changes to return in the backend sync state
-        document.
-
-        :param gen: The target database generation that will be synced.
-        :type gen: int
-        :param trans_id: The target database transaction id that will be
-                         synced.
-        :type trans_id: str
-        :param changes_to_return: A list of tuples with the changes to be
-                                  returned during the sync process.
-        :type changes_to_return: list
-        """
-        self._put_info(
-            'changes_to_return',
-            {
-                'gen': gen,
-                'trans_id': trans_id,
-                'changes_to_return': changes_to_return,
-            }
-        )
-
-    def sync_info(self):
-        """
-        Return information about the current sync state.
-
-        :return: The generation and transaction id of the target database
-                 which will be synced, and the number of documents to return,
-                 or a tuple of Nones if those have not already been sent to
-                 server.
-        :rtype: tuple
-        """
-        ddoc_path = ['_design', 'syncs', '_view', 'state']
-        resource = self._db._database.resource(*ddoc_path)
-        response = resource.get_json(
-            key=self._key([self._source_replica_uid, self._sync_id]))
-        data = response[2]
-        gen = None
-        trans_id = None
-        number_of_changes = None
-        if data['rows'] and data['rows'][0]['value'] is not None:
-            value = data['rows'][0]['value']
-            gen = value['gen']
-            trans_id = value['trans_id']
-            number_of_changes = value['number_of_changes']
-        return gen, trans_id, number_of_changes
-
-    def next_change_to_return(self, received):
-        """
-        Return the next change to be returned to the source syncing replica.
-
-        :param received: How many documents the source replica has already
-                         received during the current sync process.
-        :type received: int
-        """
-        ddoc_path = ['_design', 'syncs', '_view', 'changes_to_return']
-        resource = self._db._database.resource(*ddoc_path)
-        response = resource.get_json(
-            key=self._key(
-                [self._source_replica_uid, self._sync_id, received]))
-        data = response[2]
-        if not data['rows']:
-            return None, None, None
-        value = data['rows'][0]['value']
-        gen = value['gen']
-        trans_id = value['trans_id']
-        next_change_to_return = value['next_change_to_return']
-        return gen, trans_id, tuple(next_change_to_return)
-
-
 class SyncExchange(sync.SyncExchange):
 
     def __init__(self, db, source_replica_uid, last_known_generation, sync_id):
         """
         :param db: The target syncing database.
-        :type db: CouchDatabase
+        :type db: SoledadBackend
         :param source_replica_uid: The uid of the source syncing replica.
         :type source_replica_uid: str
         :param last_known_generation: The last target replica generation the
@@ -216,8 +49,7 @@ class SyncExchange(sync.SyncExchange):
         self.new_trans_id = None
         self._trace_hook = None
         # recover sync state
-        self._sync_state = ServerSyncState(
-            self._db, self.source_replica_uid, sync_id)
+        self._sync_state = ServerSyncState(self.source_replica_uid, sync_id)
 
     def find_changes_to_return(self, received):
         """
@@ -280,6 +112,14 @@ class SyncExchange(sync.SyncExchange):
             doc = self._db.get_doc(changed_doc_id, include_deleted=True)
             return_doc_cb(doc, gen, trans_id)
 
+    def batched_insert_from_source(self, entries, sync_id):
+        self._db.batch_start()
+        for entry in entries:
+            doc, gen, trans_id, number_of_docs, doc_idx = entry
+            self.insert_doc_from_source(doc, gen, trans_id, number_of_docs,
+                                        doc_idx, sync_id)
+        self._db.batch_end()
+
     def insert_doc_from_source(
             self, doc, source_gen, trans_id,
             number_of_docs=None, doc_idx=None, sync_id=None):
@@ -353,10 +193,12 @@ class SyncResource(http_app.SyncResource):
         :type ensure: bool
         """
         # create or open the database
+        cache = get_cache_for('db-' + sync_id + self.dbname, expire=120)
         if ensure:
             db, self.replica_uid = self.state.ensure_database(self.dbname)
         else:
             db = self.state.open_database(self.dbname)
+        db.init_caching(cache)
         # validate the information the client has about server replica
         db.validate_gen_and_trans_id(
             last_known_generation, last_known_trans_id)
@@ -364,6 +206,7 @@ class SyncResource(http_app.SyncResource):
         self.sync_exch = self.sync_exchange_class(
             db, self.source_replica_uid, last_known_generation, sync_id)
         self._sync_id = sync_id
+        self._staging = []
 
     @http_app.http_method(content_as_args=True)
     def post_put(
@@ -391,9 +234,7 @@ class SyncResource(http_app.SyncResource):
         :type doc_idx: int
         """
         doc = Document(id, rev, content)
-        self.sync_exch.insert_doc_from_source(
-            doc, gen, trans_id, number_of_docs=number_of_docs,
-            doc_idx=doc_idx, sync_id=self._sync_id)
+        self._staging.append((doc, gen, trans_id, number_of_docs, doc_idx))
 
     @http_app.http_method(received=int, content_as_args=True)
     def post_get(self, received):
@@ -432,6 +273,7 @@ class SyncResource(http_app.SyncResource):
         Return the current generation and transaction_id after inserting one
         incoming document.
         """
+        self.sync_exch.batched_insert_from_source(self._staging, self._sync_id)
         self.responder.content_type = 'application/x-soledad-sync-response'
         self.responder.start_response(200)
         self.responder.start_stream(),
diff --git a/server/versioneer.py b/server/versioneer.py
index 18dfd923..58339251 100644
--- a/server/versioneer.py
+++ b/server/versioneer.py
@@ -1,170 +1,641 @@
-#! /usr/bin/python
 
-"""versioneer.py
+# Version: 0.16
 
-(like a rocketeer, but for versions)
+"""The Versioneer - like a rocketeer, but for versions.
 
+The Versioneer
+==============
+
+* like a rocketeer, but for versions!
 * https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer
 * Brian Warner
 * License: Public Domain
-* Version: 0.7+
-
-This file helps distutils-based projects manage their version number by just
-creating version-control tags.
-
-For developers who work from a VCS-generated tree (e.g. 'git clone' etc),
-each 'setup.py version', 'setup.py build', 'setup.py sdist' will compute a
-version number by asking your version-control tool about the current
-checkout. The version number will be written into a generated _version.py
-file of your choosing, where it can be included by your __init__.py
-
-For users who work from a VCS-generated tarball (e.g. 'git archive'), it will
-compute a version number by looking at the name of the directory created when
-te tarball is unpacked. This conventionally includes both the name of the
-project and a version number.
-
-For users who work from a tarball built by 'setup.py sdist', it will get a
-version number from a previously-generated _version.py file.
-
-As a result, loading code directly from the source tree will not result in a
-real version. If you want real versions from VCS trees (where you frequently
-update from the upstream repository, or do new development), you will need to
-do a 'setup.py version' after each update, and load code from the build/
-directory.
-
-You need to provide this code with a few configuration values:
-
- versionfile_source:
-    A project-relative pathname into which the generated version strings
-    should be written. This is usually a _version.py next to your project's
-    main __init__.py file. If your project uses src/myproject/__init__.py,
-    this should be 'src/myproject/_version.py'. This file should be checked
-    in to your VCS as usual: the copy created below by 'setup.py
-    update_files' will include code that parses expanded VCS keywords in
-    generated tarballs. The 'build' and 'sdist' commands will replace it with
-    a copy that has just the calculated version string.
-
- versionfile_build:
-    Like versionfile_source, but relative to the build directory instead of
-    the source directory. These will differ when your setup.py uses
-    'package_dir='. If you have package_dir={'myproject': 'src/myproject'},
-    then you will probably have versionfile_build='myproject/_version.py' and
-    versionfile_source='src/myproject/_version.py'.
-
- tag_prefix: a string, like 'PROJECTNAME-', which appears at the start of all
-             VCS tags. If your tags look like 'myproject-1.2.0', then you
-             should use tag_prefix='myproject-'. If you use unprefixed tags
-             like '1.2.0', this should be an empty string.
-
- parentdir_prefix: a string, frequently the same as tag_prefix, which
-                   appears at the start of all unpacked tarball filenames. If
-                   your tarball unpacks into 'myproject-1.2.0', this should
-                   be 'myproject-'.
-
-To use it:
-
- 1: include this file in the top level of your project
- 2: make the following changes to the top of your setup.py:
-     import versioneer
-     versioneer.versionfile_source = 'src/myproject/_version.py'
-     versioneer.versionfile_build = 'myproject/_version.py'
-     versioneer.tag_prefix = '' # tags are like 1.2.0
-     versioneer.parentdir_prefix = 'myproject-' # dirname like 'myproject-1.2.0'
- 3: add the following arguments to the setup() call in your setup.py:
-     version=versioneer.get_version(),
-     cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),
- 4: run 'setup.py update_files', which will create _version.py, and will
-    modify your __init__.py to define __version__ (by calling a function
-    from _version.py)
- 5: modify your MANIFEST.in to include versioneer.py
- 6: add both versioneer.py and the generated _version.py to your VCS
-"""
+* Compatible With: python2.6, 2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, and pypy
+* [![Latest Version]
+(https://pypip.in/version/versioneer/badge.svg?style=flat)
+](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/versioneer/)
+* [![Build Status]
+(https://travis-ci.org/warner/python-versioneer.png?branch=master)
+](https://travis-ci.org/warner/python-versioneer)
+
+This is a tool for managing a recorded version number in distutils-based
+python projects. The goal is to remove the tedious and error-prone "update
+the embedded version string" step from your release process. Making a new
+release should be as easy as recording a new tag in your version-control
+system, and maybe making new tarballs.
+
+
+## Quick Install
+
+* `pip install versioneer` to somewhere to your $PATH
+* add a `[versioneer]` section to your setup.cfg (see below)
+* run `versioneer install` in your source tree, commit the results
+
+## Version Identifiers
+
+Source trees come from a variety of places:
+
+* a version-control system checkout (mostly used by developers)
+* a nightly tarball, produced by build automation
+* a snapshot tarball, produced by a web-based VCS browser, like github's
+  "tarball from tag" feature
+* a release tarball, produced by "setup.py sdist", distributed through PyPI
+
+Within each source tree, the version identifier (either a string or a number,
+this tool is format-agnostic) can come from a variety of places:
+
+* ask the VCS tool itself, e.g. "git describe" (for checkouts), which knows
+  about recent "tags" and an absolute revision-id
+* the name of the directory into which the tarball was unpacked
+* an expanded VCS keyword ($Id$, etc)
+* a `_version.py` created by some earlier build step
+
+For released software, the version identifier is closely related to a VCS
+tag. Some projects use tag names that include more than just the version
+string (e.g. "myproject-1.2" instead of just "1.2"), in which case the tool
+needs to strip the tag prefix to extract the version identifier. For
+unreleased software (between tags), the version identifier should provide
+enough information to help developers recreate the same tree, while also
+giving them an idea of roughly how old the tree is (after version 1.2, before
+version 1.3). Many VCS systems can report a description that captures this,
+for example `git describe --tags --dirty --always` reports things like
+"0.7-1-g574ab98-dirty" to indicate that the checkout is one revision past the
+0.7 tag, has a unique revision id of "574ab98", and is "dirty" (it has
+uncommitted changes.
+
+The version identifier is used for multiple purposes:
+
+* to allow the module to self-identify its version: `myproject.__version__`
+* to choose a name and prefix for a 'setup.py sdist' tarball
+
+## Theory of Operation
+
+Versioneer works by adding a special `_version.py` file into your source
+tree, where your `__init__.py` can import it. This `_version.py` knows how to
+dynamically ask the VCS tool for version information at import time.
+
+`_version.py` also contains `$Revision$` markers, and the installation
+process marks `_version.py` to have this marker rewritten with a tag name
+during the `git archive` command. As a result, generated tarballs will
+contain enough information to get the proper version.
+
+To allow `setup.py` to compute a version too, a `versioneer.py` is added to
+the top level of your source tree, next to `setup.py` and the `setup.cfg`
+that configures it. This overrides several distutils/setuptools commands to
+compute the version when invoked, and changes `setup.py build` and `setup.py
+sdist` to replace `_version.py` with a small static file that contains just
+the generated version data.
+
+## Installation
+
+First, decide on values for the following configuration variables:
+
+* `VCS`: the version control system you use. Currently accepts "git".
+
+* `style`: the style of version string to be produced. See "Styles" below for
+  details. Defaults to "pep440", which looks like
+  `TAG[+DISTANCE.gSHORTHASH[.dirty]]`.
+
+* `versionfile_source`:
+
+  A project-relative pathname into which the generated version strings should
+  be written. This is usually a `_version.py` next to your project's main
+  `__init__.py` file, so it can be imported at runtime. If your project uses
+  `src/myproject/__init__.py`, this should be `src/myproject/_version.py`.
+  This file should be checked in to your VCS as usual: the copy created below
+  by `setup.py setup_versioneer` will include code that parses expanded VCS
+  keywords in generated tarballs. The 'build' and 'sdist' commands will
+  replace it with a copy that has just the calculated version string.
+
+  This must be set even if your project does not have any modules (and will
+  therefore never import `_version.py`), since "setup.py sdist" -based trees
+  still need somewhere to record the pre-calculated version strings. Anywhere
+  in the source tree should do. If there is a `__init__.py` next to your
+  `_version.py`, the `setup.py setup_versioneer` command (described below)
+  will append some `__version__`-setting assignments, if they aren't already
+  present.
+
+* `versionfile_build`:
+
+  Like `versionfile_source`, but relative to the build directory instead of
+  the source directory. These will differ when your setup.py uses
+  'package_dir='. If you have `package_dir={'myproject': 'src/myproject'}`,
+  then you will probably have `versionfile_build='myproject/_version.py'` and
+  `versionfile_source='src/myproject/_version.py'`.
+
+  If this is set to None, then `setup.py build` will not attempt to rewrite
+  any `_version.py` in the built tree. If your project does not have any
+  libraries (e.g. if it only builds a script), then you should use
+  `versionfile_build = None`. To actually use the computed version string,
+  your `setup.py` will need to override `distutils.command.build_scripts`
+  with a subclass that explicitly inserts a copy of
+  `versioneer.get_version()` into your script file. See
+  `test/demoapp-script-only/setup.py` for an example.
+
+* `tag_prefix`:
+
+  a string, like 'PROJECTNAME-', which appears at the start of all VCS tags.
+  If your tags look like 'myproject-1.2.0', then you should use
+  tag_prefix='myproject-'. If you use unprefixed tags like '1.2.0', this
+  should be an empty string, using either `tag_prefix=` or `tag_prefix=''`.
+
+* `parentdir_prefix`:
+
+  a optional string, frequently the same as tag_prefix, which appears at the
+  start of all unpacked tarball filenames. If your tarball unpacks into
+  'myproject-1.2.0', this should be 'myproject-'. To disable this feature,
+  just omit the field from your `setup.cfg`.
+
+This tool provides one script, named `versioneer`. That script has one mode,
+"install", which writes a copy of `versioneer.py` into the current directory
+and runs `versioneer.py setup` to finish the installation.
+
+To versioneer-enable your project:
+
+* 1: Modify your `setup.cfg`, adding a section named `[versioneer]` and
+  populating it with the configuration values you decided earlier (note that
+  the option names are not case-sensitive):
+
+  ````
+  [versioneer]
+  VCS = git
+  style = pep440
+  versionfile_source = src/myproject/_version.py
+  versionfile_build = myproject/_version.py
+  tag_prefix =
+  parentdir_prefix = myproject-
+  ````
+
+* 2: Run `versioneer install`. This will do the following:
+
+  * copy `versioneer.py` into the top of your source tree
+  * create `_version.py` in the right place (`versionfile_source`)
+  * modify your `__init__.py` (if one exists next to `_version.py`) to define
+    `__version__` (by calling a function from `_version.py`)
+  * modify your `MANIFEST.in` to include both `versioneer.py` and the
+    generated `_version.py` in sdist tarballs
+
+  `versioneer install` will complain about any problems it finds with your
+  `setup.py` or `setup.cfg`. Run it multiple times until you have fixed all
+  the problems.
+
+* 3: add a `import versioneer` to your setup.py, and add the following
+  arguments to the setup() call:
+
+        version=versioneer.get_version(),
+        cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),
+
+* 4: commit these changes to your VCS. To make sure you won't forget,
+  `versioneer install` will mark everything it touched for addition using
+  `git add`. Don't forget to add `setup.py` and `setup.cfg` too.
+
+## Post-Installation Usage
+
+Once established, all uses of your tree from a VCS checkout should get the
+current version string. All generated tarballs should include an embedded
+version string (so users who unpack them will not need a VCS tool installed).
+
+If you distribute your project through PyPI, then the release process should
+boil down to two steps:
+
+* 1: git tag 1.0
+* 2: python setup.py register sdist upload
+
+If you distribute it through github (i.e. users use github to generate
+tarballs with `git archive`), the process is:
+
+* 1: git tag 1.0
+* 2: git push; git push --tags
+
+Versioneer will report "0+untagged.NUMCOMMITS.gHASH" until your tree has at
+least one tag in its history.
+
+## Version-String Flavors
+
+Code which uses Versioneer can learn about its version string at runtime by
+importing `_version` from your main `__init__.py` file and running the
+`get_versions()` function. From the "outside" (e.g. in `setup.py`), you can
+import the top-level `versioneer.py` and run `get_versions()`.
+
+Both functions return a dictionary with different flavors of version
+information:
+
+* `['version']`: A condensed version string, rendered using the selected
+  style. This is the most commonly used value for the project's version
+  string. The default "pep440" style yields strings like `0.11`,
+  `0.11+2.g1076c97`, or `0.11+2.g1076c97.dirty`. See the "Styles" section
+  below for alternative styles.
+
+* `['full-revisionid']`: detailed revision identifier. For Git, this is the
+  full SHA1 commit id, e.g. "1076c978a8d3cfc70f408fe5974aa6c092c949ac".
+
+* `['dirty']`: a boolean, True if the tree has uncommitted changes. Note that
+  this is only accurate if run in a VCS checkout, otherwise it is likely to
+  be False or None
+
+* `['error']`: if the version string could not be computed, this will be set
+  to a string describing the problem, otherwise it will be None. It may be
+  useful to throw an exception in setup.py if this is set, to avoid e.g.
+  creating tarballs with a version string of "unknown".
+
+Some variants are more useful than others. Including `full-revisionid` in a
+bug report should allow developers to reconstruct the exact code being tested
+(or indicate the presence of local changes that should be shared with the
+developers). `version` is suitable for display in an "about" box or a CLI
+`--version` output: it can be easily compared against release notes and lists
+of bugs fixed in various releases.
+
+The installer adds the following text to your `__init__.py` to place a basic
+version in `YOURPROJECT.__version__`:
+
+    from ._version import get_versions
+    __version__ = get_versions()['version']
+    del get_versions
+
+## Styles
+
+The setup.cfg `style=` configuration controls how the VCS information is
+rendered into a version string.
+
+The default style, "pep440", produces a PEP440-compliant string, equal to the
+un-prefixed tag name for actual releases, and containing an additional "local
+version" section with more detail for in-between builds. For Git, this is
+TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] , using information from `git describe --tags
+--dirty --always`. For example "0.11+2.g1076c97.dirty" indicates that the
+tree is like the "1076c97" commit but has uncommitted changes (".dirty"), and
+that this commit is two revisions ("+2") beyond the "0.11" tag. For released
+software (exactly equal to a known tag), the identifier will only contain the
+stripped tag, e.g. "0.11".
+
+Other styles are available. See details.md in the Versioneer source tree for
+descriptions.
+
+## Debugging
+
+Versioneer tries to avoid fatal errors: if something goes wrong, it will tend
+to return a version of "0+unknown". To investigate the problem, run `setup.py
+version`, which will run the version-lookup code in a verbose mode, and will
+display the full contents of `get_versions()` (including the `error` string,
+which may help identify what went wrong).
+
+## Updating Versioneer
+
+To upgrade your project to a new release of Versioneer, do the following:
+
+* install the new Versioneer (`pip install -U versioneer` or equivalent)
+* edit `setup.cfg`, if necessary, to include any new configuration settings
+  indicated by the release notes
+* re-run `versioneer install` in your source tree, to replace
+  `SRC/_version.py`
+* commit any changed files
+
+### Upgrading to 0.16
+
+Nothing special.
+
+### Upgrading to 0.15
+
+Starting with this version, Versioneer is configured with a `[versioneer]`
+section in your `setup.cfg` file. Earlier versions required the `setup.py` to
+set attributes on the `versioneer` module immediately after import. The new
+version will refuse to run (raising an exception during import) until you
+have provided the necessary `setup.cfg` section.
+
+In addition, the Versioneer package provides an executable named
+`versioneer`, and the installation process is driven by running `versioneer
+install`. In 0.14 and earlier, the executable was named
+`versioneer-installer` and was run without an argument.
+
+### Upgrading to 0.14
 
-import os, sys, re
-from distutils.core import Command
-from distutils.command.sdist import sdist as _sdist
-from distutils.command.build import build as _build
+0.14 changes the format of the version string. 0.13 and earlier used
+hyphen-separated strings like "0.11-2-g1076c97-dirty". 0.14 and beyond use a
+plus-separated "local version" section strings, with dot-separated
+components, like "0.11+2.g1076c97". PEP440-strict tools did not like the old
+format, but should be ok with the new one.
 
-versionfile_source = None
-versionfile_build = None
-tag_prefix = None
-parentdir_prefix = None
+### Upgrading from 0.11 to 0.12
 
-VCS = "git"
-IN_LONG_VERSION_PY = False
+Nothing special.
 
+### Upgrading from 0.10 to 0.11
 
-LONG_VERSION_PY = '''
-IN_LONG_VERSION_PY = True
+You must add a `versioneer.VCS = "git"` to your `setup.py` before re-running
+`setup.py setup_versioneer`. This will enable the use of additional
+version-control systems (SVN, etc) in the future.
+
+## Future Directions
+
+This tool is designed to make it easily extended to other version-control
+systems: all VCS-specific components are in separate directories like
+src/git/ . The top-level `versioneer.py` script is assembled from these
+components by running make-versioneer.py . In the future, make-versioneer.py
+will take a VCS name as an argument, and will construct a version of
+`versioneer.py` that is specific to the given VCS. It might also take the
+configuration arguments that are currently provided manually during
+installation by editing setup.py . Alternatively, it might go the other
+direction and include code from all supported VCS systems, reducing the
+number of intermediate scripts.
+
+
+## License
+
+To make Versioneer easier to embed, all its code is dedicated to the public
+domain. The `_version.py` that it creates is also in the public domain.
+Specifically, both are released under the Creative Commons "Public Domain
+Dedication" license (CC0-1.0), as described in
+https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ .
+
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+try:
+    import configparser
+except ImportError:
+    import ConfigParser as configparser
+import errno
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_root():
+    """Get the project root directory.
+
+    We require that all commands are run from the project root, i.e. the
+    directory that contains setup.py, setup.cfg, and versioneer.py .
+    """
+    root = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(os.getcwd()))
+    setup_py = os.path.join(root, "setup.py")
+    versioneer_py = os.path.join(root, "versioneer.py")
+    if not (os.path.exists(setup_py) or os.path.exists(versioneer_py)):
+        # allow 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND'
+        root = os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])))
+        setup_py = os.path.join(root, "setup.py")
+        versioneer_py = os.path.join(root, "versioneer.py")
+    if not (os.path.exists(setup_py) or os.path.exists(versioneer_py)):
+        err = ("Versioneer was unable to run the project root directory. "
+               "Versioneer requires setup.py to be executed from "
+               "its immediate directory (like 'python setup.py COMMAND'), "
+               "or in a way that lets it use sys.argv[0] to find the root "
+               "(like 'python path/to/setup.py COMMAND').")
+        raise VersioneerBadRootError(err)
+    try:
+        # Certain runtime workflows (setup.py install/develop in a setuptools
+        # tree) execute all dependencies in a single python process, so
+        # "versioneer" may be imported multiple times, and python's shared
+        # module-import table will cache the first one. So we can't use
+        # os.path.dirname(__file__), as that will find whichever
+        # versioneer.py was first imported, even in later projects.
+        me = os.path.realpath(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+        if os.path.splitext(me)[0] != os.path.splitext(versioneer_py)[0]:
+            print("Warning: build in %s is using versioneer.py from %s"
+                  % (os.path.dirname(me), versioneer_py))
+    except NameError:
+        pass
+    return root
+
+
+def get_config_from_root(root):
+    """Read the project setup.cfg file to determine Versioneer config."""
+    # This might raise EnvironmentError (if setup.cfg is missing), or
+    # configparser.NoSectionError (if it lacks a [versioneer] section), or
+    # configparser.NoOptionError (if it lacks "VCS="). See the docstring at
+    # the top of versioneer.py for instructions on writing your setup.cfg .
+    setup_cfg = os.path.join(root, "setup.cfg")
+    parser = configparser.SafeConfigParser()
+    with open(setup_cfg, "r") as f:
+        parser.readfp(f)
+    VCS = parser.get("versioneer", "VCS")  # mandatory
+
+    def get(parser, name):
+        if parser.has_option("versioneer", name):
+            return parser.get("versioneer", name)
+        return None
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = VCS
+    cfg.style = get(parser, "style") or ""
+    cfg.versionfile_source = get(parser, "versionfile_source")
+    cfg.versionfile_build = get(parser, "versionfile_build")
+    cfg.tag_prefix = get(parser, "tag_prefix")
+    if cfg.tag_prefix in ("''", '""'):
+        cfg.tag_prefix = ""
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = get(parser, "parentdir_prefix")
+    cfg.verbose = get(parser, "verbose")
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+# these dictionaries contain VCS-specific tools
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %s" % dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None
+    else:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to find command, tried %s" % (commands,))
+        return None
+    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
+        stdout = stdout.decode()
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        if verbose:
+            print("unable to run %s (error)" % dispcmd)
+        return None
+    return stdout
+LONG_VERSION_PY['git'] = '''
 # This file helps to compute a version number in source trees obtained from
 # git-archive tarball (such as those provided by githubs download-from-tag
-# feature). Distribution tarballs (build by setup.py sdist) and build
+# feature). Distribution tarballs (built by setup.py sdist) and build
 # directories (produced by setup.py build) will contain a much shorter file
 # that just contains the computed version number.
 
 # This file is released into the public domain. Generated by
-# versioneer-0.7+ (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
-
-# these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive
-git_refnames = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%d%(DOLLAR)s"
-git_full = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%H%(DOLLAR)s"
+# versioneer-0.16 (https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer)
 
+"""Git implementation of _version.py."""
 
+import errno
+import os
+import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
 
-def run_command(args, cwd=None, verbose=False):
-    try:
-        # remember shell=False, so use git.exe on windows, not just git
-        p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)
-    except EnvironmentError:
-        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+def get_keywords():
+    """Get the keywords needed to look up the version information."""
+    # these strings will be replaced by git during git-archive.
+    # setup.py/versioneer.py will grep for the variable names, so they must
+    # each be defined on a line of their own. _version.py will just call
+    # get_keywords().
+    git_refnames = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%d%(DOLLAR)s"
+    git_full = "%(DOLLAR)sFormat:%%H%(DOLLAR)s"
+    keywords = {"refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full}
+    return keywords
+
+
+class VersioneerConfig:
+    """Container for Versioneer configuration parameters."""
+
+
+def get_config():
+    """Create, populate and return the VersioneerConfig() object."""
+    # these strings are filled in when 'setup.py versioneer' creates
+    # _version.py
+    cfg = VersioneerConfig()
+    cfg.VCS = "git"
+    cfg.style = "%(STYLE)s"
+    cfg.tag_prefix = "%(TAG_PREFIX)s"
+    cfg.parentdir_prefix = "%(PARENTDIR_PREFIX)s"
+    cfg.versionfile_source = "%(VERSIONFILE_SOURCE)s"
+    cfg.verbose = False
+    return cfg
+
+
+class NotThisMethod(Exception):
+    """Exception raised if a method is not valid for the current scenario."""
+
+
+LONG_VERSION_PY = {}
+HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_vcs_handler(vcs, method):  # decorator
+    """Decorator to mark a method as the handler for a particular VCS."""
+    def decorate(f):
+        """Store f in HANDLERS[vcs][method]."""
+        if vcs not in HANDLERS:
+            HANDLERS[vcs] = {}
+        HANDLERS[vcs][method] = f
+        return f
+    return decorate
+
+
+def run_command(commands, args, cwd=None, verbose=False, hide_stderr=False):
+    """Call the given command(s)."""
+    assert isinstance(commands, list)
+    p = None
+    for c in commands:
+        try:
+            dispcmd = str([c] + args)
+            # remember shell=False, so use git.cmd on windows, not just git
+            p = subprocess.Popen([c] + args, cwd=cwd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                 stderr=(subprocess.PIPE if hide_stderr
+                                         else None))
+            break
+        except EnvironmentError:
+            e = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+                continue
+            if verbose:
+                print("unable to run %%s" %% dispcmd)
+                print(e)
+            return None
+    else:
         if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %%s" %% args[0])
-            print(e)
+            print("unable to find command, tried %%s" %% (commands,))
         return None
     stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
-    if sys.version >= '3':
+    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
         stdout = stdout.decode()
     if p.returncode != 0:
         if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %%s (error)" %% args[0])
+            print("unable to run %%s (error)" %% dispcmd)
         return None
     return stdout
 
 
-import sys
-import re
-import os.path
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
+    both the project name and a version string.
+    """
+    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+        if verbose:
+            print("guessing rootdir is '%%s', but '%%s' doesn't start with "
+                  "prefix '%%s'" %% (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
+        raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+            "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": False, "error": None}
+
 
-def get_expanded_variables(versionfile_source):
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
     # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
-    # variables. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import
-    # _version.py, so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not
-    # used from _version.py.
-    variables = {}
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
+    # _version.py.
+    keywords = {}
     try:
-        f = open(versionfile_source,"r")
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
         for line in f.readlines():
             if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
             if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["full"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
         f.close()
     except EnvironmentError:
         pass
-    return variables
+    return keywords
 
-def versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose=False):
-    refnames = variables["refnames"].strip()
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
     if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
         if verbose:
-            print("variables are unexpanded, not using")
-        return {} # unexpanded, so not in an unpacked git-archive tarball
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
     refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
     # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
     # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
@@ -189,172 +660,350 @@ def versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose=False):
             r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
             if verbose:
                 print("picking %%s" %% r)
-            return { "version": r,
-                     "full": variables["full"].strip() }
-    # no suitable tags, so we use the full revision id
+            return {"version": r,
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None
+                    }
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
-        print("no suitable tags, using full revision id")
-    return { "version": variables["full"].strip(),
-             "full": variables["full"].strip() }
-
-def versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
-    # this runs 'git' from the root of the source tree. That either means
-    # someone ran a setup.py command (and this code is in versioneer.py, so
-    # IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=False, thus the containing directory is the root of
-    # the source tree), or someone ran a project-specific entry point (and
-    # this code is in _version.py, so IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=True, thus the
-    # containing directory is somewhere deeper in the source tree). This only
-    # gets called if the git-archive 'subst' variables were *not* expanded,
-    # and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short version
-    # string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags"}
 
-    try:
-        here = os.path.abspath(__file__)
-    except NameError:
-        # some py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__
-        return {} # not always correct
-
-    # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source tree
-    # (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert this to find
-    # the root from __file__.
-    root = here
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
-    else:
-        root = os.path.dirname(here)
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
+
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, "..", ".git")):
         if verbose:
             print("no .git in %%s" %% root)
-        return {}
+        raise NotThisMethod("no .git directory")
 
-    GIT = "git"
+    GITS = ["git"]
     if sys.platform == "win32":
-        GIT = "git.exe"
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "describe", "--tags", "--dirty", "--always"],
-                         cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    if not stdout.startswith(tag_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print("tag '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'" %% (stdout, tag_prefix))
-        return {}
-    tag = stdout[len(tag_prefix):]
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    full = stdout.strip()
-    if tag.endswith("-dirty"):
-        full += "-dirty"
-    return {"version": tag, "full": full}
-
-
-def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        # We're running from _version.py. If it's from a source tree
-        # (execute-in-place), we can work upwards to find the root of the
-        # tree, and then check the parent directory for a version string. If
-        # it's in an installed application, there's no hope.
-        try:
-            here = os.path.abspath(__file__)
-        except NameError:
-            # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython don't have __file__
-            return {} # without __file__, we have no hope
-        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
-        # tree to _version.py. Invert this to find the root from __file__.
-        root = here
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                      "--always", "--long",
+                                      "--match", "%%s*" %% tag_prefix],
+                               cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%%s'"
+                               %% describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'"
+                print(fmt %% (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'"
+                               %% (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
+    else:
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
+
+    return pieces
+
+
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
+
+
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
+
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%%d.g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
     else:
-        # we're running from versioneer.py, which means we're running from
-        # the setup.py in a source tree. sys.argv[0] is setup.py in the root.
-        here = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
-        root = os.path.dirname(here)
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%%d.g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%%s" %% pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%%s" %% pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%%d" %% pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
 
-    # Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
-    # both the project name and a version string.
-    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
-    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print("guessing rootdir is '%%s', but '%%s' doesn't start with prefix '%%s'" %%
-                  (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
-        return None
-    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):], "full": ""}
-
-tag_prefix = "%(TAG_PREFIX)s"
-parentdir_prefix = "%(PARENTDIR_PREFIX)s"
-versionfile_source = "%(VERSIONFILE_SOURCE)s"
-
-def get_versions(default={"version": "unknown", "full": ""}, verbose=False):
-    variables = { "refnames": git_refnames, "full": git_full }
-    ver = versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source,
-                                      verbose)
-    if not ver:
-        ver = default
-    return ver
 
-'''
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
 
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
 
-import subprocess
-import sys
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%%d-g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%%d-g%%s" %% (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"]}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%%s'" %% style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None}
+
+
+def get_versions():
+    """Get version information or return default if unable to do so."""
+    # I am in _version.py, which lives at ROOT/VERSIONFILE_SOURCE. If we have
+    # __file__, we can work backwards from there to the root. Some
+    # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__, in which
+    # case we can only use expanded keywords.
+
+    cfg = get_config()
+    verbose = cfg.verbose
 
-def run_command(args, cwd=None, verbose=False):
     try:
-        # remember shell=False, so use git.exe on windows, not just git
-        p = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, cwd=cwd)
-    except EnvironmentError:
-        e = sys.exc_info()[1]
-        if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %s" % args[0])
-            print(e)
-        return None
-    stdout = p.communicate()[0].strip()
-    if sys.version >= '3':
-        stdout = stdout.decode()
-    if p.returncode != 0:
-        if verbose:
-            print("unable to run %s (error)" % args[0])
-        return None
-    return stdout
+        return git_versions_from_keywords(get_keywords(), cfg.tag_prefix,
+                                          verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
 
+    try:
+        root = os.path.realpath(__file__)
+        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
+        # tree (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert
+        # this to find the root from __file__.
+        for i in cfg.versionfile_source.split('/'):
+            root = os.path.dirname(root)
+    except NameError:
+        return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": "unable to find root of source tree"}
 
-import sys
-import re
-import os.path
+    try:
+        pieces = git_pieces_from_vcs(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
+        return render(pieces, cfg.style)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
 
-def get_expanded_variables(versionfile_source):
+    try:
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
+            return versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
+    except NotThisMethod:
+        pass
+
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None,
+            "error": "unable to compute version"}
+'''
+
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "get_keywords")
+def git_get_keywords(versionfile_abs):
+    """Extract version information from the given file."""
     # the code embedded in _version.py can just fetch the value of these
-    # variables. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import
-    # _version.py, so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not
-    # used from _version.py.
-    variables = {}
+    # keywords. When used from setup.py, we don't want to import _version.py,
+    # so we do it with a regexp instead. This function is not used from
+    # _version.py.
+    keywords = {}
     try:
-        f = open(versionfile_source,"r")
+        f = open(versionfile_abs, "r")
         for line in f.readlines():
             if line.strip().startswith("git_refnames ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["refnames"] = mo.group(1)
             if line.strip().startswith("git_full ="):
                 mo = re.search(r'=\s*"(.*)"', line)
                 if mo:
-                    variables["full"] = mo.group(1)
+                    keywords["full"] = mo.group(1)
         f.close()
     except EnvironmentError:
         pass
-    return variables
+    return keywords
 
-def versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose=False):
-    refnames = variables["refnames"].strip()
+
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "keywords")
+def git_versions_from_keywords(keywords, tag_prefix, verbose):
+    """Get version information from git keywords."""
+    if not keywords:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no keywords at all, weird")
+    refnames = keywords["refnames"].strip()
     if refnames.startswith("$Format"):
         if verbose:
-            print("variables are unexpanded, not using")
-        return {} # unexpanded, so not in an unpacked git-archive tarball
+            print("keywords are unexpanded, not using")
+        raise NotThisMethod("unexpanded keywords, not a git-archive tarball")
     refs = set([r.strip() for r in refnames.strip("()").split(",")])
     # starting in git-1.8.3, tags are listed as "tag: foo-1.0" instead of
     # just "foo-1.0". If we see a "tag: " prefix, prefer those.
@@ -379,117 +1028,122 @@ def versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix, verbose=False):
             r = ref[len(tag_prefix):]
             if verbose:
                 print("picking %s" % r)
-            return { "version": r,
-                     "full": variables["full"].strip() }
-    # no suitable tags, so we use the full revision id
+            return {"version": r,
+                    "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+                    "dirty": False, "error": None
+                    }
+    # no suitable tags, so version is "0+unknown", but full hex is still there
     if verbose:
-        print("no suitable tags, using full revision id")
-    return { "version": variables["full"].strip(),
-             "full": variables["full"].strip() }
-
-def versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
-    # this runs 'git' from the root of the source tree. That either means
-    # someone ran a setup.py command (and this code is in versioneer.py, so
-    # IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=False, thus the containing directory is the root of
-    # the source tree), or someone ran a project-specific entry point (and
-    # this code is in _version.py, so IN_LONG_VERSION_PY=True, thus the
-    # containing directory is somewhere deeper in the source tree). This only
-    # gets called if the git-archive 'subst' variables were *not* expanded,
-    # and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short version
-    # string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+        print("no suitable tags, using unknown + full revision id")
+    return {"version": "0+unknown",
+            "full-revisionid": keywords["full"].strip(),
+            "dirty": False, "error": "no suitable tags"}
 
-    try:
-        here = os.path.abspath(__file__)
-    except NameError:
-        # some py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython implementations don't do __file__
-        return {} # not always correct
-
-    # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source tree
-    # (where the .git directory might live) to this file. Invert this to find
-    # the root from __file__.
-    root = os.path.dirname(
-        os.path.join('..', here))
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
-    else:
-        root = os.path.dirname(
-            os.path.join('..', here))
 
-    ######################################################
-    # XXX patch for our specific configuration with
-    # the three projects leap.soledad.{common, client, server}
-    # inside the same repo.
-    ######################################################
-    root = os.path.dirname(os.path.join('..', root))
+@register_vcs_handler("git", "pieces_from_vcs")
+def git_pieces_from_vcs(tag_prefix, root, verbose, run_command=run_command):
+    """Get version from 'git describe' in the root of the source tree.
 
-    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, ".git")):
+    This only gets called if the git-archive 'subst' keywords were *not*
+    expanded, and _version.py hasn't already been rewritten with a short
+    version string, meaning we're inside a checked out source tree.
+    """
+    if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(root, "..", ".git")):
         if verbose:
             print("no .git in %s" % root)
-        return {}
+        raise NotThisMethod("no .git directory")
 
-    GIT = "git"
+    GITS = ["git"]
     if sys.platform == "win32":
-        GIT = "git.exe"
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "describe", "--tags", "--dirty", "--always"],
-                         cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    if not stdout.startswith(tag_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" % (stdout, tag_prefix))
-        return {}
-    tag = stdout[len(tag_prefix):]
-    stdout = run_command([GIT, "rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
-    if stdout is None:
-        return {}
-    full = stdout.strip()
-    if tag.endswith("-dirty"):
-        full += "-dirty"
-    return {"version": tag, "full": full}
-
-
-def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose=False):
-    if IN_LONG_VERSION_PY:
-        # We're running from _version.py. If it's from a source tree
-        # (execute-in-place), we can work upwards to find the root of the
-        # tree, and then check the parent directory for a version string. If
-        # it's in an installed application, there's no hope.
-        try:
-            here = os.path.abspath(os.path.join('..', __file__))
-        except NameError:
-            # py2exe/bbfreeze/non-CPython don't have __file__
-            return {} # without __file__, we have no hope
-        # versionfile_source is the relative path from the top of the source
-        # tree to _version.py. Invert this to find the root from __file__.
-        root = here
-        for i in range(len(versionfile_source.split("/"))):
-            root = os.path.dirname(root)
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+    # if there is a tag matching tag_prefix, this yields TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty]
+    # if there isn't one, this yields HEX[-dirty] (no NUM)
+    describe_out = run_command(GITS, ["describe", "--tags", "--dirty",
+                                      "--always", "--long",
+                                      "--match", "%s*" % tag_prefix],
+                               cwd=root)
+    # --long was added in git-1.5.5
+    if describe_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git describe' failed")
+    describe_out = describe_out.strip()
+    full_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=root)
+    if full_out is None:
+        raise NotThisMethod("'git rev-parse' failed")
+    full_out = full_out.strip()
+
+    pieces = {}
+    pieces["long"] = full_out
+    pieces["short"] = full_out[:7]  # maybe improved later
+    pieces["error"] = None
+
+    # parse describe_out. It will be like TAG-NUM-gHEX[-dirty] or HEX[-dirty]
+    # TAG might have hyphens.
+    git_describe = describe_out
+
+    # look for -dirty suffix
+    dirty = git_describe.endswith("-dirty")
+    pieces["dirty"] = dirty
+    if dirty:
+        git_describe = git_describe[:git_describe.rindex("-dirty")]
+
+    # now we have TAG-NUM-gHEX or HEX
+
+    if "-" in git_describe:
+        # TAG-NUM-gHEX
+        mo = re.search(r'^(.+)-(\d+)-g([0-9a-f]+)$', git_describe)
+        if not mo:
+            # unparseable. Maybe git-describe is misbehaving?
+            pieces["error"] = ("unable to parse git-describe output: '%s'"
+                               % describe_out)
+            return pieces
+
+        # tag
+        full_tag = mo.group(1)
+        if not full_tag.startswith(tag_prefix):
+            if verbose:
+                fmt = "tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                print(fmt % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            pieces["error"] = ("tag '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'"
+                               % (full_tag, tag_prefix))
+            return pieces
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = full_tag[len(tag_prefix):]
+
+        # distance: number of commits since tag
+        pieces["distance"] = int(mo.group(2))
+
+        # commit: short hex revision ID
+        pieces["short"] = mo.group(3)
+
     else:
-        # we're running from versioneer.py, which means we're running from
-        # the setup.py in a source tree. sys.argv[0] is setup.py in the root.
-        here = os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])
-        root = os.path.dirname(here)
+        # HEX: no tags
+        pieces["closest-tag"] = None
+        count_out = run_command(GITS, ["rev-list", "HEAD", "--count"],
+                                cwd=root)
+        pieces["distance"] = int(count_out)  # total number of commits
 
-    # Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
-    # both the project name and a version string.
-    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
-    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
-        if verbose:
-            print("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with prefix '%s'" %
-                  (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
-        return None
-    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):], "full": ""}
+    return pieces
 
-import sys
 
-def do_vcs_install(versionfile_source, ipy):
-    GIT = "git"
+def do_vcs_install(manifest_in, versionfile_source, ipy):
+    """Git-specific installation logic for Versioneer.
+
+    For Git, this means creating/changing .gitattributes to mark _version.py
+    for export-time keyword substitution.
+    """
+    GITS = ["git"]
     if sys.platform == "win32":
-        GIT = "git.exe"
-    run_command([GIT, "add", "versioneer.py"])
-    run_command([GIT, "add", versionfile_source])
-    run_command([GIT, "add", ipy])
+        GITS = ["git.cmd", "git.exe"]
+    files = [manifest_in, versionfile_source]
+    if ipy:
+        files.append(ipy)
+    try:
+        me = __file__
+        if me.endswith(".pyc") or me.endswith(".pyo"):
+            me = os.path.splitext(me)[0] + ".py"
+        versioneer_file = os.path.relpath(me)
+    except NameError:
+        versioneer_file = "versioneer.py"
+    files.append(versioneer_file)
     present = False
     try:
         f = open(".gitattributes", "r")
@@ -504,135 +1158,487 @@ def do_vcs_install(versionfile_source, ipy):
         f = open(".gitattributes", "a+")
         f.write("%s export-subst\n" % versionfile_source)
         f.close()
-        run_command([GIT, "add", ".gitattributes"])
+        files.append(".gitattributes")
+    run_command(GITS, ["add", "--"] + files)
+
 
+def versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, root, verbose):
+    """Try to determine the version from the parent directory name.
+
+    Source tarballs conventionally unpack into a directory that includes
+    both the project name and a version string.
+    """
+    dirname = os.path.basename(root)
+    if not dirname.startswith(parentdir_prefix):
+        if verbose:
+            print("guessing rootdir is '%s', but '%s' doesn't start with "
+                  "prefix '%s'" % (root, dirname, parentdir_prefix))
+        raise NotThisMethod("rootdir doesn't start with parentdir_prefix")
+    return {"version": dirname[len(parentdir_prefix):],
+            "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": False, "error": None}
 
 SHORT_VERSION_PY = """
-# This file was generated by 'versioneer.py' (0.7+) from
+# This file was generated by 'versioneer.py' (0.16) from
 # revision-control system data, or from the parent directory name of an
 # unpacked source archive. Distribution tarballs contain a pre-generated copy
 # of this file.
 
-version_version = '%(version)s'
-version_full = '%(full)s'
-def get_versions(default={}, verbose=False):
-    return {'version': version_version, 'full': version_full}
+import json
+import sys
+
+version_json = '''
+%s
+'''  # END VERSION_JSON
 
+
+def get_versions():
+    return json.loads(version_json)
 """
 
-DEFAULT = {"version": "unknown", "full": "unknown"}
 
 def versions_from_file(filename):
-    versions = {}
+    """Try to determine the version from _version.py if present."""
     try:
-        f = open(filename)
+        with open(filename) as f:
+            contents = f.read()
     except EnvironmentError:
-        return versions
-    for line in f.readlines():
-        mo = re.match("version_version = '([^']+)'", line)
-        if mo:
-            versions["version"] = mo.group(1)
-        mo = re.match("version_full = '([^']+)'", line)
-        if mo:
-            versions["full"] = mo.group(1)
-    f.close()
-    return versions
+        raise NotThisMethod("unable to read _version.py")
+    mo = re.search(r"version_json = '''\n(.*)'''  # END VERSION_JSON",
+                   contents, re.M | re.S)
+    if not mo:
+        raise NotThisMethod("no version_json in _version.py")
+    return json.loads(mo.group(1))
+
 
 def write_to_version_file(filename, versions):
-    f = open(filename, "w")
-    f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % versions)
-    f.close()
+    """Write the given version number to the given _version.py file."""
+    os.unlink(filename)
+    contents = json.dumps(versions, sort_keys=True,
+                          indent=1, separators=(",", ": "))
+    with open(filename, "w") as f:
+        f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % contents)
+
     print("set %s to '%s'" % (filename, versions["version"]))
 
 
-def get_best_versions(versionfile, tag_prefix, parentdir_prefix,
-                      default=DEFAULT, verbose=False):
-    # returns dict with two keys: 'version' and 'full'
-    #
-    # extract version from first of _version.py, 'git describe', parentdir.
-    # This is meant to work for developers using a source checkout, for users
-    # of a tarball created by 'setup.py sdist', and for users of a
-    # tarball/zipball created by 'git archive' or github's download-from-tag
-    # feature.
-
-    variables = get_expanded_variables(versionfile_source)
-    if variables:
-        ver = versions_from_expanded_variables(variables, tag_prefix)
-        if ver:
-            if verbose: print("got version from expanded variable %s" % ver)
-            return ver
+def plus_or_dot(pieces):
+    """Return a + if we don't already have one, else return a ."""
+    if "+" in pieces.get("closest-tag", ""):
+        return "."
+    return "+"
 
-    ver = versions_from_file(versionfile)
-    if ver:
-        if verbose: print("got version from file %s %s" % (versionfile, ver))
-        return ver
 
-    ver = versions_from_vcs(tag_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose)
-    if ver:
-        if verbose: print("got version from git %s" % ver)
-        return ver
+def render_pep440(pieces):
+    """Build up version string, with post-release "local version identifier".
 
-    ver = versions_from_parentdir(parentdir_prefix, versionfile_source, verbose)
-    if ver:
-        if verbose: print("got version from parentdir %s" % ver)
-        return ver
+    Our goal: TAG[+DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]] . Note that if you
+    get a tagged build and then dirty it, you'll get TAG+0.gHEX.dirty
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. git_describe was just HEX. 0+untagged.DISTANCE.gHEX[.dirty]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dirty"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0+untagged.%d.g%s" % (pieces["distance"],
+                                          pieces["short"])
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_pre(pieces):
+    """TAG[.post.devDISTANCE] -- No -dirty.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.post.devDISTANCE
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += ".post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post.dev%d" % pieces["distance"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_post(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]+gHEX] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty. Note that .dev0 sorts backwards
+    (a dirty tree will appear "older" than the corresponding clean one),
+    but you shouldn't be releasing software with -dirty anyways.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+            rendered += plus_or_dot(pieces)
+            rendered += "g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+        rendered += "+g%s" % pieces["short"]
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_pep440_old(pieces):
+    """TAG[.postDISTANCE[.dev0]] .
+
+    The ".dev0" means dirty.
+
+    Eexceptions:
+    1: no tags. 0.postDISTANCE[.dev0]
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"] or pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+            if pieces["dirty"]:
+                rendered += ".dev0"
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = "0.post%d" % pieces["distance"]
+        if pieces["dirty"]:
+            rendered += ".dev0"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe(pieces):
+    """TAG[-DISTANCE-gHEX][-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always'.
 
-    if verbose: print("got version from default %s" % ver)
-    return default
-
-def get_versions(default=DEFAULT, verbose=False):
-    assert versionfile_source is not None, "please set versioneer.versionfile_source"
-    assert tag_prefix is not None, "please set versioneer.tag_prefix"
-    assert parentdir_prefix is not None, "please set versioneer.parentdir_prefix"
-    return get_best_versions(versionfile_source, tag_prefix, parentdir_prefix,
-                             default=default, verbose=verbose)
-def get_version(verbose=False):
-    return get_versions(verbose=verbose)["version"]
-
-class cmd_version(Command):
-    description = "report generated version string"
-    user_options = []
-    boolean_options = []
-    def initialize_options(self):
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        if pieces["distance"]:
+            rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render_git_describe_long(pieces):
+    """TAG-DISTANCE-gHEX[-dirty].
+
+    Like 'git describe --tags --dirty --always -long'.
+    The distance/hash is unconditional.
+
+    Exceptions:
+    1: no tags. HEX[-dirty]  (note: no 'g' prefix)
+    """
+    if pieces["closest-tag"]:
+        rendered = pieces["closest-tag"]
+        rendered += "-%d-g%s" % (pieces["distance"], pieces["short"])
+    else:
+        # exception #1
+        rendered = pieces["short"]
+    if pieces["dirty"]:
+        rendered += "-dirty"
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(pieces, style):
+    """Render the given version pieces into the requested style."""
+    if pieces["error"]:
+        return {"version": "unknown",
+                "full-revisionid": pieces.get("long"),
+                "dirty": None,
+                "error": pieces["error"]}
+
+    if not style or style == "default":
+        style = "pep440"  # the default
+
+    if style == "pep440":
+        rendered = render_pep440(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-pre":
+        rendered = render_pep440_pre(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-post":
+        rendered = render_pep440_post(pieces)
+    elif style == "pep440-old":
+        rendered = render_pep440_old(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe":
+        rendered = render_git_describe(pieces)
+    elif style == "git-describe-long":
+        rendered = render_git_describe_long(pieces)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError("unknown style '%s'" % style)
+
+    return {"version": rendered, "full-revisionid": pieces["long"],
+            "dirty": pieces["dirty"], "error": None}
+
+
+class VersioneerBadRootError(Exception):
+    """The project root directory is unknown or missing key files."""
+
+
+def get_versions(verbose=False):
+    """Get the project version from whatever source is available.
+
+    Returns dict with two keys: 'version' and 'full'.
+    """
+    if "versioneer" in sys.modules:
+        # see the discussion in cmdclass.py:get_cmdclass()
+        del sys.modules["versioneer"]
+
+    root = get_root()
+    cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+
+    assert cfg.VCS is not None, "please set [versioneer]VCS= in setup.cfg"
+    handlers = HANDLERS.get(cfg.VCS)
+    assert handlers, "unrecognized VCS '%s'" % cfg.VCS
+    verbose = verbose or cfg.verbose
+    assert cfg.versionfile_source is not None, \
+        "please set versioneer.versionfile_source"
+    assert cfg.tag_prefix is not None, "please set versioneer.tag_prefix"
+
+    versionfile_abs = os.path.join(root, cfg.versionfile_source)
+
+    # extract version from first of: _version.py, VCS command (e.g. 'git
+    # describe'), parentdir. This is meant to work for developers using a
+    # source checkout, for users of a tarball created by 'setup.py sdist',
+    # and for users of a tarball/zipball created by 'git archive' or github's
+    # download-from-tag feature or the equivalent in other VCSes.
+
+    get_keywords_f = handlers.get("get_keywords")
+    from_keywords_f = handlers.get("keywords")
+    if get_keywords_f and from_keywords_f:
+        try:
+            keywords = get_keywords_f(versionfile_abs)
+            ver = from_keywords_f(keywords, cfg.tag_prefix, verbose)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from expanded keyword %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+        except NotThisMethod:
+            pass
+
+    try:
+        ver = versions_from_file(versionfile_abs)
+        if verbose:
+            print("got version from file %s %s" % (versionfile_abs, ver))
+        return ver
+    except NotThisMethod:
         pass
-    def finalize_options(self):
+
+    from_vcs_f = handlers.get("pieces_from_vcs")
+    if from_vcs_f:
+        try:
+            pieces = from_vcs_f(cfg.tag_prefix, root, verbose)
+            ver = render(pieces, cfg.style)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from VCS %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+        except NotThisMethod:
+            pass
+
+    try:
+        if cfg.parentdir_prefix:
+            ver = versions_from_parentdir(cfg.parentdir_prefix, root, verbose)
+            if verbose:
+                print("got version from parentdir %s" % ver)
+            return ver
+    except NotThisMethod:
         pass
-    def run(self):
-        ver = get_version(verbose=True)
-        print("Version is currently: %s" % ver)
-
-
-class cmd_build(_build):
-    def run(self):
-        versions = get_versions(verbose=True)
-        _build.run(self)
-        # now locate _version.py in the new build/ directory and replace it
-        # with an updated value
-        target_versionfile = os.path.join(self.build_lib, versionfile_build)
-        print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
-        os.unlink(target_versionfile)
-        f = open(target_versionfile, "w")
-        f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % versions)
-        f.close()
 
-class cmd_sdist(_sdist):
-    def run(self):
-        versions = get_versions(verbose=True)
-        self._versioneer_generated_versions = versions
-        # unless we update this, the command will keep using the old version
-        self.distribution.metadata.version = versions["version"]
-        return _sdist.run(self)
-
-    def make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files):
-        _sdist.make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files)
-        # now locate _version.py in the new base_dir directory (remembering
-        # that it may be a hardlink) and replace it with an updated value
-        target_versionfile = os.path.join(base_dir, versionfile_source)
-        print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
-        os.unlink(target_versionfile)
-        f = open(target_versionfile, "w")
-        f.write(SHORT_VERSION_PY % self._versioneer_generated_versions)
-        f.close()
+    if verbose:
+        print("unable to compute version")
+
+    return {"version": "0+unknown", "full-revisionid": None,
+            "dirty": None, "error": "unable to compute version"}
+
+
+def get_version():
+    """Get the short version string for this project."""
+    return get_versions()["version"]
+
+
+def get_cmdclass():
+    """Get the custom setuptools/distutils subclasses used by Versioneer."""
+    if "versioneer" in sys.modules:
+        del sys.modules["versioneer"]
+        # this fixes the "python setup.py develop" case (also 'install' and
+        # 'easy_install .'), in which subdependencies of the main project are
+        # built (using setup.py bdist_egg) in the same python process. Assume
+        # a main project A and a dependency B, which use different versions
+        # of Versioneer. A's setup.py imports A's Versioneer, leaving it in
+        # sys.modules by the time B's setup.py is executed, causing B to run
+        # with the wrong versioneer. Setuptools wraps the sub-dep builds in a
+        # sandbox that restores sys.modules to it's pre-build state, so the
+        # parent is protected against the child's "import versioneer". By
+        # removing ourselves from sys.modules here, before the child build
+        # happens, we protect the child from the parent's versioneer too.
+        # Also see https://github.com/warner/python-versioneer/issues/52
+
+    cmds = {}
+
+    # we add "version" to both distutils and setuptools
+    from distutils.core import Command
+
+    class cmd_version(Command):
+        description = "report generated version string"
+        user_options = []
+        boolean_options = []
+
+        def initialize_options(self):
+            pass
+
+        def finalize_options(self):
+            pass
+
+        def run(self):
+            vers = get_versions(verbose=True)
+            print("Version: %s" % vers["version"])
+            print(" full-revisionid: %s" % vers.get("full-revisionid"))
+            print(" dirty: %s" % vers.get("dirty"))
+            if vers["error"]:
+                print(" error: %s" % vers["error"])
+    cmds["version"] = cmd_version
+
+    # we override "build_py" in both distutils and setuptools
+    #
+    # most invocation pathways end up running build_py:
+    #  distutils/build -> build_py
+    #  distutils/install -> distutils/build ->..
+    #  setuptools/bdist_wheel -> distutils/install ->..
+    #  setuptools/bdist_egg -> distutils/install_lib -> build_py
+    #  setuptools/install -> bdist_egg ->..
+    #  setuptools/develop -> ?
+
+    # we override different "build_py" commands for both environments
+    if "setuptools" in sys.modules:
+        from setuptools.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+    else:
+        from distutils.command.build_py import build_py as _build_py
+
+    class cmd_build_py(_build_py):
+        def run(self):
+            root = get_root()
+            cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+            versions = get_versions()
+            _build_py.run(self)
+            # now locate _version.py in the new build/ directory and replace
+            # it with an updated value
+            if cfg.versionfile_build:
+                target_versionfile = os.path.join(self.build_lib,
+                                                  cfg.versionfile_build)
+                print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+                write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+    cmds["build_py"] = cmd_build_py
+
+    if "cx_Freeze" in sys.modules:  # cx_freeze enabled?
+        from cx_Freeze.dist import build_exe as _build_exe
+
+        class cmd_build_exe(_build_exe):
+            def run(self):
+                root = get_root()
+                cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+                versions = get_versions()
+                target_versionfile = cfg.versionfile_source
+                print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+                write_to_version_file(target_versionfile, versions)
+
+                _build_exe.run(self)
+                os.unlink(target_versionfile)
+                with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
+                    LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
+                    f.write(LONG %
+                            {"DOLLAR": "$",
+                             "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                             "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                             "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                             "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                             })
+        cmds["build_exe"] = cmd_build_exe
+        del cmds["build_py"]
+
+    # we override different "sdist" commands for both environments
+    if "setuptools" in sys.modules:
+        from setuptools.command.sdist import sdist as _sdist
+    else:
+        from distutils.command.sdist import sdist as _sdist
+
+    class cmd_sdist(_sdist):
+        def run(self):
+            versions = get_versions()
+            self._versioneer_generated_versions = versions
+            # unless we update this, the command will keep using the old
+            # version
+            self.distribution.metadata.version = versions["version"]
+            return _sdist.run(self)
+
+        def make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files):
+            root = get_root()
+            cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+            _sdist.make_release_tree(self, base_dir, files)
+            # now locate _version.py in the new base_dir directory
+            # (remembering that it may be a hardlink) and replace it with an
+            # updated value
+            target_versionfile = os.path.join(base_dir, cfg.versionfile_source)
+            print("UPDATING %s" % target_versionfile)
+            write_to_version_file(target_versionfile,
+                                  self._versioneer_generated_versions)
+    cmds["sdist"] = cmd_sdist
+
+    return cmds
+
+
+CONFIG_ERROR = """
+setup.cfg is missing the necessary Versioneer configuration. You need
+a section like:
+
+ [versioneer]
+ VCS = git
+ style = pep440
+ versionfile_source = src/myproject/_version.py
+ versionfile_build = myproject/_version.py
+ tag_prefix =
+ parentdir_prefix = myproject-
+
+You will also need to edit your setup.py to use the results:
+
+ import versioneer
+ setup(version=versioneer.get_version(),
+       cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(), ...)
+
+Please read the docstring in ./versioneer.py for configuration instructions,
+edit setup.cfg, and re-run the installer or 'python versioneer.py setup'.
+"""
+
+SAMPLE_CONFIG = """
+# See the docstring in versioneer.py for instructions. Note that you must
+# re-run 'versioneer.py setup' after changing this section, and commit the
+# resulting files.
+
+[versioneer]
+#VCS = git
+#style = pep440
+#versionfile_source =
+#versionfile_build =
+#tag_prefix =
+#parentdir_prefix =
+
+"""
 
 INIT_PY_SNIPPET = """
 from ._version import get_versions
@@ -640,40 +1646,129 @@ __version__ = get_versions()['version']
 del get_versions
 """
 
-class cmd_update_files(Command):
-    description = "modify __init__.py and create _version.py"
-    user_options = []
-    boolean_options = []
-    def initialize_options(self):
-        pass
-    def finalize_options(self):
-        pass
-    def run(self):
-        ipy = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(versionfile_source), "__init__.py")
-        print(" creating %s" % versionfile_source)
-        f = open(versionfile_source, "w")
-        f.write(LONG_VERSION_PY % {"DOLLAR": "$",
-                                   "TAG_PREFIX": tag_prefix,
-                                   "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": parentdir_prefix,
-                                   "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": versionfile_source,
-                                   })
-        f.close()
+
+def do_setup():
+    """Main VCS-independent setup function for installing Versioneer."""
+    root = get_root()
+    try:
+        cfg = get_config_from_root(root)
+    except (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError,
+            configparser.NoOptionError) as e:
+        if isinstance(e, (EnvironmentError, configparser.NoSectionError)):
+            print("Adding sample versioneer config to setup.cfg",
+                  file=sys.stderr)
+            with open(os.path.join(root, "setup.cfg"), "a") as f:
+                f.write(SAMPLE_CONFIG)
+        print(CONFIG_ERROR, file=sys.stderr)
+        return 1
+
+    print(" creating %s" % cfg.versionfile_source)
+    with open(cfg.versionfile_source, "w") as f:
+        LONG = LONG_VERSION_PY[cfg.VCS]
+        f.write(LONG % {"DOLLAR": "$",
+                        "STYLE": cfg.style,
+                        "TAG_PREFIX": cfg.tag_prefix,
+                        "PARENTDIR_PREFIX": cfg.parentdir_prefix,
+                        "VERSIONFILE_SOURCE": cfg.versionfile_source,
+                        })
+
+    ipy = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cfg.versionfile_source),
+                       "__init__.py")
+    if os.path.exists(ipy):
         try:
-            old = open(ipy, "r").read()
+            with open(ipy, "r") as f:
+                old = f.read()
         except EnvironmentError:
             old = ""
         if INIT_PY_SNIPPET not in old:
             print(" appending to %s" % ipy)
-            f = open(ipy, "a")
-            f.write(INIT_PY_SNIPPET)
-            f.close()
+            with open(ipy, "a") as f:
+                f.write(INIT_PY_SNIPPET)
         else:
             print(" %s unmodified" % ipy)
-        do_vcs_install(versionfile_source, ipy)
+    else:
+        print(" %s doesn't exist, ok" % ipy)
+        ipy = None
+
+    # Make sure both the top-level "versioneer.py" and versionfile_source
+    # (PKG/_version.py, used by runtime code) are in MANIFEST.in, so
+    # they'll be copied into source distributions. Pip won't be able to
+    # install the package without this.
+    manifest_in = os.path.join(root, "MANIFEST.in")
+    simple_includes = set()
+    try:
+        with open(manifest_in, "r") as f:
+            for line in f:
+                if line.startswith("include "):
+                    for include in line.split()[1:]:
+                        simple_includes.add(include)
+    except EnvironmentError:
+        pass
+    # That doesn't cover everything MANIFEST.in can do
+    # (http://docs.python.org/2/distutils/sourcedist.html#commands), so
+    # it might give some false negatives. Appending redundant 'include'
+    # lines is safe, though.
+    if "versioneer.py" not in simple_includes:
+        print(" appending 'versioneer.py' to MANIFEST.in")
+        with open(manifest_in, "a") as f:
+            f.write("include versioneer.py\n")
+    else:
+        print(" 'versioneer.py' already in MANIFEST.in")
+    if cfg.versionfile_source not in simple_includes:
+        print(" appending versionfile_source ('%s') to MANIFEST.in" %
+              cfg.versionfile_source)
+        with open(manifest_in, "a") as f:
+            f.write("include %s\n" % cfg.versionfile_source)
+    else:
+        print(" versionfile_source already in MANIFEST.in")
 
-def get_cmdclass():
-    return {'version': cmd_version,
-            'update_files': cmd_update_files,
-            'build': cmd_build,
-            'sdist': cmd_sdist,
-            }
+    # Make VCS-specific changes. For git, this means creating/changing
+    # .gitattributes to mark _version.py for export-time keyword
+    # substitution.
+    do_vcs_install(manifest_in, cfg.versionfile_source, ipy)
+    return 0
+
+
+def scan_setup_py():
+    """Validate the contents of setup.py against Versioneer's expectations."""
+    found = set()
+    setters = False
+    errors = 0
+    with open("setup.py", "r") as f:
+        for line in f.readlines():
+            if "import versioneer" in line:
+                found.add("import")
+            if "versioneer.get_cmdclass()" in line:
+                found.add("cmdclass")
+            if "versioneer.get_version()" in line:
+                found.add("get_version")
+            if "versioneer.VCS" in line:
+                setters = True
+            if "versioneer.versionfile_source" in line:
+                setters = True
+    if len(found) != 3:
+        print("")
+        print("Your setup.py appears to be missing some important items")
+        print("(but I might be wrong). Please make sure it has something")
+        print("roughly like the following:")
+        print("")
+        print(" import versioneer")
+        print(" setup( version=versioneer.get_version(),")
+        print("        cmdclass=versioneer.get_cmdclass(),  ...)")
+        print("")
+        errors += 1
+    if setters:
+        print("You should remove lines like 'versioneer.VCS = ' and")
+        print("'versioneer.versionfile_source = ' . This configuration")
+        print("now lives in setup.cfg, and should be removed from setup.py")
+        print("")
+        errors += 1
+    return errors
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cmd = sys.argv[1]
+    if cmd == "setup":
+        errors = do_setup()
+        errors += scan_setup_py()
+        if errors:
+            sys.exit(1)