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+autoload :OpenSSL, 'openssl'
+autoload :CertificateAuthority, 'certificate_authority'
+autoload :Date, 'date'
+require 'digest/md5'
+
+module LeapCli; module Commands
+
+ desc "Manage X.509 certificates"
+ command :cert do |cert|
+
+ cert.desc 'Creates two Certificate Authorities (one for validating servers and one for validating clients).'
+ cert.long_desc 'See see what values are used in the generation of the certificates (like name and key size), run `leap inspect provider` and look for the "ca" property. To see the details of the created certs, run `leap inspect <file>`.'
+ cert.command :ca do |ca|
+ ca.action do |global_options,options,args|
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.name'
+ generate_new_certificate_authority(:ca_key, :ca_cert, provider.ca.name)
+ generate_new_certificate_authority(:client_ca_key, :client_ca_cert, provider.ca.name + ' (client certificates only!)')
+ end
+ end
+
+ cert.desc 'Creates or renews a X.509 certificate/key pair for a single node or all nodes, but only if needed.'
+ cert.long_desc 'This command will a generate new certificate for a node if some value in the node has changed ' +
+ 'that is included in the certificate (like hostname or IP address), or if the old certificate will be expiring soon. ' +
+ 'Sometimes, you might want to force the generation of a new certificate, ' +
+ 'such as in the cases where you have changed a CA parameter for server certificates, like bit size or digest hash. ' +
+ 'In this case, use --force. If <node-filter> is empty, this command will apply to all nodes.'
+ cert.arg_name 'FILTER'
+ cert.command :update do |update|
+ update.switch 'force', :desc => 'Always generate new certificates', :negatable => false
+ update.action do |global_options,options,args|
+ update_certificates(manager.filter!(args), options)
+ end
+ end
+
+ cert.desc 'Creates a Diffie-Hellman parameter file, needed for forward secret OpenVPN ciphers.' # (needed for server-side of some TLS connections)
+ cert.command :dh do |dh|
+ dh.action do |global_options,options,args|
+ long_running do
+ if cmd_exists?('certtool')
+ log 0, 'Generating DH parameters (takes a long time)...'
+ output = assert_run!('certtool --generate-dh-params --sec-param high')
+ output.sub! /.*(-----BEGIN DH PARAMETERS-----.*-----END DH PARAMETERS-----).*/m, '\1'
+ output << "\n"
+ write_file!(:dh_params, output)
+ else
+ log 0, 'Generating DH parameters (takes a REALLY long time)...'
+ output = OpenSSL::PKey::DH.generate(3248).to_pem
+ write_file!(:dh_params, output)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ #
+ # hints:
+ #
+ # inspect CSR:
+ # openssl req -noout -text -in files/cert/x.csr
+ #
+ # generate CSR with openssl to see how it compares:
+ # openssl req -sha256 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout example.key -out example.csr
+ #
+ # validate a CSR:
+ # http://certlogik.com/decoder/
+ #
+ # nice details about CSRs:
+ # http://www.redkestrel.co.uk/Articles/CSR.html
+ #
+ cert.desc "Creates a CSR for use in buying a commercial X.509 certificate."
+ cert.long_desc "Unless specified, the CSR is created for the provider's primary domain. "+
+ "The properties used for this CSR come from `provider.ca.server_certificates`, "+
+ "but may be overridden here."
+ cert.command :csr do |csr|
+ csr.flag 'domain', :arg_name => 'DOMAIN', :desc => 'Specify what domain to create the CSR for.'
+ csr.flag ['organization', 'O'], :arg_name => 'ORGANIZATION', :desc => "Override default O in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag ['unit', 'OU'], :arg_name => 'UNIT', :desc => "Set OU in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag 'email', :arg_name => 'EMAIL', :desc => "Set emailAddress in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag ['locality', 'L'], :arg_name => 'LOCALITY', :desc => "Set L in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag ['state', 'ST'], :arg_name => 'STATE', :desc => "Set ST in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag ['country', 'C'], :arg_name => 'COUNTRY', :desc => "Set C in distinguished name."
+ csr.flag :bits, :arg_name => 'BITS', :desc => "Override default certificate bit length"
+ csr.flag :digest, :arg_name => 'DIGEST', :desc => "Override default signature digest"
+ csr.action do |global_options,options,args|
+ assert_config! 'provider.domain'
+ assert_config! 'provider.name'
+ assert_config! 'provider.default_language'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.digest'
+ domain = options[:domain] || provider.domain
+
+ unless global_options[:force]
+ assert_files_missing! [:commercial_key, domain], [:commercial_csr, domain],
+ :msg => 'If you really want to create a new key and CSR, remove these files first or run with --force.'
+ end
+
+ server_certificates = provider.ca.server_certificates
+
+ # RSA key
+ keypair = CertificateAuthority::MemoryKeyMaterial.new
+ bit_size = (options[:bits] || server_certificates.bit_size).to_i
+ log :generating, "%s bit RSA key" % bit_size do
+ keypair.generate_key(bit_size)
+ write_file! [:commercial_key, domain], keypair.private_key.to_pem
+ end
+
+ # CSR
+ dn = CertificateAuthority::DistinguishedName.new
+ dn.common_name = domain
+ dn.organization = options[:organization] || provider.name[provider.default_language]
+ dn.ou = options[:organizational_unit] # optional
+ dn.email_address = options[:email] # optional
+ dn.country = options[:country] || server_certificates['country'] # optional
+ dn.state = options[:state] || server_certificates['state'] # optional
+ dn.locality = options[:locality] || server_certificates['locality'] # optional
+
+ digest = options[:digest] || server_certificates.digest
+ log :generating, "CSR with #{digest} digest and #{print_dn(dn)}" do
+ csr = create_csr(dn, keypair, digest)
+ request = csr.to_x509_csr
+ write_file! [:commercial_csr, domain], csr.to_pem
+ end
+
+ # Sign using our own CA, for use in testing but hopefully not production.
+ # It is not that commerical CAs are so secure, it is just that signing your own certs is
+ # a total drag for the user because they must click through dire warnings.
+ #if options[:sign]
+ log :generating, "self-signed x509 server certificate for testing purposes" do
+ cert = csr.to_cert
+ cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(domain)
+ cert.not_before = yesterday
+ cert.not_after = yesterday.advance(:years => 1)
+ cert.parent = ca_root
+ cert.sign! domain_test_signing_profile
+ write_file! [:commercial_cert, domain], cert.to_pem
+ log "please replace this file with the real certificate you get from a CA using #{Path.relative_path([:commercial_csr, domain])}"
+ end
+ #end
+
+ # FAKE CA
+ unless file_exists? :commercial_ca_cert
+ log :using, "generated CA in place of commercial CA for testing purposes" do
+ write_file! :commercial_ca_cert, read_file!(:ca_cert)
+ log "please also replace this file with the CA cert from the commercial authority you use."
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ protected
+
+ #
+ # will generate new certificates for the specified nodes, if needed.
+ #
+ def update_certificates(nodes, options={})
+ assert_files_exist! :ca_cert, :ca_key, :msg => 'Run `leap cert ca` to create them'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.digest'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.server_certificates.life_span'
+ assert_config! 'common.x509.use'
+
+ nodes.each_node do |node|
+ warn_if_commercial_cert_will_soon_expire(node)
+ if !node.x509.use
+ remove_file!([:node_x509_key, node.name])
+ remove_file!([:node_x509_cert, node.name])
+ elsif options[:force] || cert_needs_updating?(node)
+ generate_cert_for_node(node)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ private
+
+ def generate_new_certificate_authority(key_file, cert_file, common_name)
+ assert_files_missing! key_file, cert_file
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.name'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.bit_size'
+ assert_config! 'provider.ca.life_span'
+
+ root = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new
+
+ # set subject
+ root.subject.common_name = common_name
+ possible = ['country', 'state', 'locality', 'organization', 'organizational_unit', 'email_address']
+ provider.ca.keys.each do |key|
+ if possible.include?(key)
+ root.subject.send(key + '=', provider.ca[key])
+ end
+ end
+
+ # set expiration
+ root.not_before = yesterday
+ root.not_after = yesterday_advance(provider.ca.life_span)
+
+ # generate private key
+ root.serial_number.number = 1
+ root.key_material.generate_key(provider.ca.bit_size)
+
+ # sign self
+ root.signing_entity = true
+ root.parent = root
+ root.sign!(ca_root_signing_profile)
+
+ # save
+ write_file!(key_file, root.key_material.private_key.to_pem)
+ write_file!(cert_file, root.to_pem)
+ end
+
+ #
+ # returns true if the certs associated with +node+ need to be regenerated.
+ #
+ def cert_needs_updating?(node)
+ if !file_exists?([:node_x509_cert, node.name], [:node_x509_key, node.name])
+ return true
+ else
+ cert = load_certificate_file([:node_x509_cert, node.name])
+ if cert.not_after < Time.now.advance(:months => 2)
+ log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because it will expire soon"
+ return true
+ end
+ if cert.subject.common_name != node.domain.full
+ log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because domain.full has changed (was #{cert.subject.common_name}, now #{node.domain.full})"
+ return true
+ end
+ cert.openssl_body.extensions.each do |ext|
+ if ext.oid == "subjectAltName"
+ ips = []
+ dns_names = []
+ ext.value.split(",").each do |value|
+ value.strip!
+ ips << $1 if value =~ /^IP Address:(.*)$/
+ dns_names << $1 if value =~ /^DNS:(.*)$/
+ end
+ dns_names.sort!
+ if ips.first != node.ip_address
+ log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because ip_address has changed (from #{ips.first} to #{node.ip_address})"
+ return true
+ elsif dns_names != dns_names_for_node(node)
+ log :updating, "cert for node '#{node.name}' because domain name aliases have changed\n from: #{dns_names.inspect}\n to: #{dns_names_for_node(node).inspect})"
+ return true
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ return false
+ end
+
+ def warn_if_commercial_cert_will_soon_expire(node)
+ dns_names_for_node(node).each do |domain|
+ if file_exists?([:commercial_cert, domain])
+ cert = load_certificate_file([:commercial_cert, domain])
+ path = Path.relative_path([:commercial_cert, domain])
+ if cert.not_after < Time.now.utc
+ log :error, "the commercial certificate '#{path}' has EXPIRED! " +
+ "You should renew it with `leap cert csr --domain #{domain}`."
+ elsif cert.not_after < Time.now.advance(:months => 2)
+ log :warning, "the commercial certificate '#{path}' will expire soon. "+
+ "You should renew it with `leap cert csr --domain #{domain}`."
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ def generate_cert_for_node(node)
+ return if node.x509.use == false
+
+ cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new
+
+ # set subject
+ cert.subject.common_name = node.domain.full
+ cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(node.domain.full)
+
+ # set expiration
+ cert.not_before = yesterday
+ cert.not_after = yesterday_advance(provider.ca.server_certificates.life_span)
+
+ # generate key
+ cert.key_material.generate_key(provider.ca.server_certificates.bit_size)
+
+ # sign
+ cert.parent = ca_root
+ cert.sign!(server_signing_profile(node))
+
+ # save
+ write_file!([:node_x509_key, node.name], cert.key_material.private_key.to_pem)
+ write_file!([:node_x509_cert, node.name], cert.to_pem)
+ end
+
+ #
+ # yields client key and cert suitable for testing
+ #
+ def generate_test_client_cert(prefix=nil)
+ cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.new
+ cert.serial_number.number = cert_serial_number(provider.domain)
+ cert.subject.common_name = [prefix, random_common_name(provider.domain)].join
+ cert.not_before = yesterday
+ cert.not_after = yesterday.advance(:years => 1)
+ cert.key_material.generate_key(1024) # just for testing, remember!
+ cert.parent = client_ca_root
+ cert.sign! client_test_signing_profile
+ yield cert.key_material.private_key.to_pem, cert.to_pem
+ end
+
+ #
+ # creates a CSR and returns it.
+ # with the correct extReq attribute so that the CA
+ # doens't generate certs with extensions we don't want.
+ #
+ def create_csr(dn, keypair, digest)
+ csr = CertificateAuthority::SigningRequest.new
+ csr.distinguished_name = dn
+ csr.key_material = keypair
+ csr.digest = digest
+
+ # define extensions manually (library doesn't support setting these on CSRs)
+ extensions = []
+ extensions << CertificateAuthority::Extensions::BasicConstraints.new.tap {|basic|
+ basic.ca = false
+ }
+ extensions << CertificateAuthority::Extensions::KeyUsage.new.tap {|keyusage|
+ keyusage.usage = ["digitalSignature", "keyEncipherment"]
+ }
+ extensions << CertificateAuthority::Extensions::ExtendedKeyUsage.new.tap {|extkeyusage|
+ extkeyusage.usage = [ "serverAuth"]
+ }
+
+ # convert extensions to attribute 'extReq'
+ # aka "Requested Extensions"
+ factory = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new
+ attrval = OpenSSL::ASN1::Set([OpenSSL::ASN1::Sequence(
+ extensions.map{|e| factory.create_ext(e.openssl_identifier, e.to_s, e.critical)}
+ )])
+ attrs = [
+ OpenSSL::X509::Attribute.new("extReq", attrval),
+ ]
+ csr.attributes = attrs
+
+ return csr
+ end
+
+ def ca_root
+ @ca_root ||= begin
+ load_certificate_file(:ca_cert, :ca_key)
+ end
+ end
+
+ def client_ca_root
+ @client_ca_root ||= begin
+ load_certificate_file(:client_ca_cert, :client_ca_key)
+ end
+ end
+
+ def load_certificate_file(crt_file, key_file=nil, password=nil)
+ crt = read_file!(crt_file)
+ openssl_cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(crt)
+ cert = CertificateAuthority::Certificate.from_openssl(openssl_cert)
+ if key_file
+ key = read_file!(key_file)
+ cert.key_material.private_key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(key, password)
+ end
+ return cert
+ end
+
+ def ca_root_signing_profile
+ {
+ "extensions" => {
+ "basicConstraints" => {"ca" => true},
+ "keyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["critical", "keyCertSign"]
+ },
+ "extendedKeyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => []
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ end
+
+ #
+ # For keyusage, openvpn server certs can have keyEncipherment or keyAgreement.
+ # Web browsers seem to break without keyEncipherment.
+ # For now, I am using digitalSignature + keyEncipherment
+ #
+ # * digitalSignature -- for (EC)DHE cipher suites
+ # "The digitalSignature bit is asserted when the subject public key is used
+ # with a digital signature mechanism to support security services other
+ # than certificate signing (bit 5), or CRL signing (bit 6). Digital
+ # signature mechanisms are often used for entity authentication and data
+ # origin authentication with integrity."
+ #
+ # * keyEncipherment ==> for plain RSA cipher suites
+ # "The keyEncipherment bit is asserted when the subject public key is used for
+ # key transport. For example, when an RSA key is to be used for key management,
+ # then this bit is set."
+ #
+ # * keyAgreement ==> for used with DH, not RSA.
+ # "The keyAgreement bit is asserted when the subject public key is used for key
+ # agreement. For example, when a Diffie-Hellman key is to be used for key
+ # management, then this bit is set."
+ #
+ # digest options: SHA512, SHA256, SHA1
+ #
+ def server_signing_profile(node)
+ {
+ "digest" => provider.ca.server_certificates.digest,
+ "extensions" => {
+ "keyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["digitalSignature", "keyEncipherment"]
+ },
+ "extendedKeyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["serverAuth", "clientAuth"]
+ },
+ "subjectAltName" => {
+ "ips" => [node.ip_address],
+ "dns_names" => dns_names_for_node(node)
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ end
+
+ #
+ # This is used when signing the main cert for the provider's domain
+ # with our own CA (for testing purposes). Typically, this cert would
+ # be purchased from a commercial CA, and not signed this way.
+ #
+ def domain_test_signing_profile
+ {
+ "digest" => "SHA256",
+ "extensions" => {
+ "keyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["digitalSignature", "keyEncipherment"]
+ },
+ "extendedKeyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["serverAuth"]
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ end
+
+ #
+ # This is used when signing a dummy client certificate that is only to be
+ # used for testing.
+ #
+ def client_test_signing_profile
+ {
+ "digest" => "SHA256",
+ "extensions" => {
+ "keyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["digitalSignature"]
+ },
+ "extendedKeyUsage" => {
+ "usage" => ["clientAuth"]
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ end
+
+ def dns_names_for_node(node)
+ names = [node.domain.internal, node.domain.full]
+ if node['dns'] && node.dns['aliases'] && node.dns.aliases.any?
+ names += node.dns.aliases
+ end
+ names.compact!
+ names.sort!
+ names.uniq!
+ return names
+ end
+
+ #
+ # For cert serial numbers, we need a non-colliding number less than 160 bits.
+ # md5 will do nicely, since there is no need for a secure hash, just a short one.
+ # (md5 is 128 bits)
+ #
+ def cert_serial_number(domain_name)
+ Digest::MD5.hexdigest("#{domain_name} -- #{Time.now}").to_i(16)
+ end
+
+ #
+ # for the random common name, we need a text string that will be unique across all certs.
+ # ruby 1.8 doesn't have a built-in uuid generator, or we would use SecureRandom.uuid
+ #
+ def random_common_name(domain_name)
+ cert_serial_number(domain_name).to_s(36)
+ end
+
+ # prints CertificateAuthority::DistinguishedName fields
+ def print_dn(dn)
+ fields = {}
+ [:common_name, :locality, :state, :country, :organization, :organizational_unit, :email_address].each do |attr|
+ fields[attr] = dn.send(attr) if dn.send(attr)
+ end
+ fields.inspect
+ end
+
+ ##
+ ## TIME HELPERS
+ ##
+ ## note: we use 'yesterday' instead of 'today', because times are in UTC, and some people on the planet
+ ## are behind UTC.
+ ##
+
+ def yesterday
+ t = Time.now - 24*24*60
+ Time.utc t.year, t.month, t.day
+ end
+
+ def yesterday_advance(string)
+ number, unit = string.split(' ')
+ unless ['years', 'months', 'days', 'hours', 'minutes'].include? unit
+ bail!("The time property '#{string}' is missing a unit (one of: years, months, days, hours, minutes).")
+ end
+ unless number.to_i.to_s == number
+ bail!("The time property '#{string}' is missing a number.")
+ end
+ yesterday.advance(unit.to_sym => number.to_i)
+ end
+
+end; end