Merge tag '0.8.0'

Release 0.8.0

5 files changed, 734 insertions, 550 deletions

diff --git a/doc/tutorials/configure-provider.md b/doc/tutorials/configure-provider.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 969d541b..00000000
--- a/doc/tutorials/configure-provider.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-@title = 'Configure provider tutorial'
-@nav_title = 'Configure Provider'
-@summary = 'Explore how to configure your provider after the initial setup'
-
-
-Edit provider.json configuration
---------------------------------------
-
-There are a few required settings in provider.json. At a minimum, you must have:
-
-    {
-      "domain": "example.org",
-      "name": "Example",
-      "contacts": {
-        "default": "email1@example.org"
-      }
-    }
-
-For a full list of possible settings, you can use `leap inspect` to see how provider.json is evaluated after including the inherited defaults:
-
-    $ leap inspect provider.json
-
-
-Examine Certs
-=============
-
-To see details about the keys and certs that the prior two commands created, you can use `leap inspect` like so:
-
-    $ leap inspect files/ca/ca.crt
-
-NOTE: the files `files/ca/*.key` are extremely sensitive and must be carefully protected. The other key files are much less sensitive and can simply be regenerated if needed.
diff --git a/doc/tutorials/quick-start.md b/doc/tutorials/quick-start.md
index a92cc9da..f963867a 100644
--- a/doc/tutorials/quick-start.md
+++ b/doc/tutorials/quick-start.md
@@ -1,385 +1,230 @@
 @title = 'Quick Start Tutorial'
 @nav_title = 'Quick Start Tutorial'
-@summary = 'This tutorial walks you through the initial process of creating and deploying a minimal service provider running the LEAP Platform. This Quick Start guide will guide you through building a three node OpenVPN provider.'
+@summary = 'This tutorial walks you through the initial process of creating and deploying a minimal service provider running the LEAP Platform.'
 
+Introduction
+====================================
 
-Our goal
-------------------
+### Our goal
 
-We are going to create a minimal LEAP provider offering OpenVPN service. This basic setup can be expanded by adding more OpenVPN nodes to increase capacity or geographical diversity, or more webapp nodes to increase availability (at the moment, a single couchdb and single webapp server are all that is supported, and performance wise, are more than enough for most usage, since they are only lightly used). At the moment, we strongly advise only have one couchdb server for stability purposes. 
+We are going to create a minimal LEAP provider, but one that does not offer any actual services. Check out the other tutorials for adding VPN or email services.
 
 Our goal is something like this:
 
     $ leap list
-         NODES   SERVICES    TAGS
-       cheetah   couchdb     production
-    wildebeest   webapp      production
-       ostrich   openvpn     production
+            NODES   SERVICES          TAGS
+       wildebeest   couchdb, webapp
 
 NOTE: You won't be able to run that `leap list` command yet, not until we actually create the node configurations.
 
-Requirements
-------------
+### Requirements
 
-In order to complete this Quick Start, you will need a few things:
+1. A workstation: This is your local machine that you will run commands on.
+1. A server: This is the machine that you will deploy to. The server can be either:
+   1. A local Vagrant virtual machine: a Vagrant machine can only be useful for testing.
+   1. A real or paravirtualized server: The server must have Debian Jessie installed, and you must be able to SSH into the machine as root. Paravirtualization includes KVM, Xen, OpenStack, Amazon, but not VirtualBox or OpenVZ.
 
-* You will need three real or paravirtualized virtual machines (KVM, Xen, Openstack, Amazon, but not Vagrant - sorry) that have a basic Debian Stable installed. If you allocate 20G of disk space to each node for the system, after this process is completed, you will have used less than 10% of that disk space. If you allocate 2 CPUs and 8G of memory to each node, that should be more than enough to begin with.
-* You should be able to SSH into them remotely, and know their root password, IP addresses and their SSH host keys
-* You will need four different IPs. Each node gets a primary IP, and the OpenVPN gateway additionally needs a gateway IP.
-* The ability to create/modify DNS entries for your domain is preferable, but not needed. If you don't have access to DNS, you can workaround this by modifying your local resolver, i.e. editing `/etc/hosts`.
-* You need to be aware that this process will make changes to your systems, so please be sure that these machines are a basic install with nothing configured or running for other purposes
-* Your machines will need to be connected to the internet, and not behind a restrictive firewall.
-* You should work locally on your laptop/workstation (one that you trust and that is ideally full-disk encrypted) while going through this guide. This is important because the provider configurations you are creating contain sensitive data that should not reside on a remote machine. The `leap` command will login to your servers and configure the services.
-* You should do everything described below as an unprivileged user, and only run those commands as root that are noted with *sudo* in front of them. Other than those commands, there is no need for privileged access to your machine, and in fact things may not work correctly.
-
-All the commands in this tutorial are run on your sysadmin machine. In order to complete the tutorial, the sysadmin will do the following:
-
-* Install pre-requisites
-* Install the LEAP command-line utility
-* Check out the LEAP platform
-* Create a provider and its certificates
-* Setup the provider's nodes and the services that will reside on those nodes
-* Initialize the nodes
-* Deploy the LEAP platform to the nodes
-* Test that things worked correctly
-* Some additional commands
-
-We will walk you through each of these steps.
+Other things to keep in mind:
 
+* The ability to create/modify DNS entries for your domain is preferable, but not needed. If you don't have access to DNS, you can workaround this by modifying your local resolver, i.e. editing `/etc/hosts`.
+* You need to be aware that this process will make changes to your servers, so please be sure that these machines are a basic install with nothing configured or running for other purposes.
+* Your servers will need to be connected to the internet, and not behind a restrictive firewall.
 
-Prepare your environment
+Prepare your workstation
 ========================
 
-There are a few things you need to setup before you can get going. Just some packages, the LEAP cli and the platform.
+In order to be able to manage your servers, you need to install the `leap` command on your workstation:
 
-Install pre-requisites
---------------------------------
+### Install pre-requisites
 
-*Debian & Ubuntu*
+Install core prerequisites on your workstation.
 
-Install core prerequisites:
+*Debian & Ubuntu*
 
-    $ sudo apt-get install git ruby ruby-dev rsync openssh-client openssl rake make bzip2
+    workstation$ sudo apt-get install git ruby ruby-dev rsync openssh-client openssl rake make bzip2
 
-<!--
 *Mac OS*
 
-1. Install rubygems from https://rubygems.org/pages/download (unless the `gem` command is already installed).
--->
-
-NOTE: leap_cli requires ruby 1.9 or later.
-
+    workstation$ brew install ruby-install
+    workstation$ ruby-install ruby
 
-Install the LEAP command-line utility
--------------------------------------------------
+### Install the LEAP command-line utility
 
 Install the `leap` command from rubygems.org:
 
-    $ sudo gem install leap_cli
-
-Alternately, you can install `leap` from source:
-
-    $ git clone https://leap.se/git/leap_cli
-    $ cd leap_cli
-    $ rake build
-    $ sudo rake install
-
-You can also install from source as an unprivileged user, if you want. For example, instead of `sudo rake install` you can do something like this:
-
-    $ rake install
-    # watch out for the directory leap is installed to, then i.e.
-    $ sudo ln -s ~/.gem/ruby/1.9.1/bin/leap /usr/local/bin/leap
-
-With either `rake install` or `sudo rake install`, you can use now /usr/local/bin/leap, which in most cases will be in your $PATH.
-
-If you have successfully installed the `leap` command, then you should be able to do the following:
-
-    $ leap --help
-
-This will list the command-line help options. If you receive an error when doing this, please read through the README.md in the `leap_cli` source to try and resolve any problems before going forwards.
-
-Check out the platform
---------------------------
+    workstation$ gem install leap_cli --install-dir ~/leap
+    workstation$ export PATH=$PATH:~/leap/bin
 
-The LEAP Platform is a series of puppet recipes and modules that will be used to configure your provider. You will need a local copy of the platform that will be used to setup your nodes and manage your services. To begin with, you will not need to modify the LEAP Platform.
+Alternately, you can install `leap` system wide:
 
-First we'll create a directory for LEAP things, and then we'll check out the platform code and initalize the modules:
+    workstation$ sudo gem install leap_cli
 
-    $ mkdir ~/leap
-    $ cd ~/leap
-    $ git clone https://leap.se/git/leap_platform.git
-    $ cd leap_platform
-    $ git submodule sync; git submodule update --init
+To confirm that you installed `leap` correctly, try running `leap help`.
 
+Create a provider instance
+=============================================
 
-Provider Setup
-==============
+A provider instance is a directory tree, residing on your workstation, that contains everything you need to manage an infrastructure for a service provider.
 
-A provider instance is a directory tree, usually stored in git, that contains everything you need to manage an infrastructure for a service provider. In this case, we create one for example.org and call the instance directory 'example'.
+In this case, we create one for example.org and call the instance directory 'example'.
 
-    $ mkdir -p ~/leap/example
-
-Bootstrap the provider
------------------------
-
-Now, we will initialize this directory to make it a provider instance. Your provider instance will need to know where it can find the local copy of the git repository leap_platform, which we setup in the previous step.
-
-    $ cd ~/leap/example
-    $ leap new .
-
-NOTES:
- . make sure you include that trailing dot!
+    workstation$ leap new ~/example
 
 The `leap new` command will ask you for several required values:
 
 * domain: The primary domain name of your service provider. In this tutorial, we will be using "example.org".
 * name: The name of your service provider (we use "Example").
 * contact emails: A comma separated list of email addresses that should be used for important service provider contacts (for things like postmaster aliases, Tor contact emails, etc).
-* platform: The directory where you have a copy of the `leap_platform` git repository checked out.
+* platform: The directory where you have a copy of the `leap_platform` git repository checked out. If the platform directory does not yet exist, the `leap_platform` will be downloaded and placed in that directory.
 
 You could also have passed these configuration options on the command-line, like so:
 
-    $ leap new --contacts your@email.here --domain leap.example.org --name Example --platform=~/leap/leap_platform .
-
-You may want to poke around and see what is in the files we just created. For example:
+    workstation$ leap new --contacts your@email.here --domain example.org --name Example --platform=~/leap/leap_platform .
 
-    $ cat provider.json
+You should now have the following files:
 
-Optionally, commit your provider directory using the version control software you fancy. For example:
-
-    $ git init
-    $ git add .
-    $ git commit -m "initial provider commit"
+    workstation$ tree example
+    example
+    ├── common.json
+    ├── Leapfile
+    ├── nodes/
+    ├── provider.json
+    ├── services/
+    └── tags/
 
 Now add yourself as a privileged sysadmin who will have access to deploy to servers:
 
-    $ leap add-user --self
-
-NOTE: in most cases, `leap` must be run from within a provider instance directory tree (e.g. ~/leap/example).
-
-Create provider certificates
-----------------------------
-
-Create two certificate authorities, one for server certs and one for client
-certs (note: you only need to run this one command to get both):
+    workstation$ cd example
+    workstation$ leap add-user louise --self
 
-    $ leap cert ca
+Replace "louise" with whatever you want your sysadmin username to be.
 
-Create a temporary cert for your main domain (you should replace with a real commercial cert at some point)
+NOTE: Make sure you change directories so that the `leap` command is run from within the provider instance directory. Most `leap` commands only work when run from a provider instance.
 
-    $ leap cert csr
+Now create the necessary keys and certificates:
 
-To see details about the keys and certs that the prior two commands created, you can use `leap inspect` like so:
+    workstation$ leap cert ca
+    workstation$ leap cert csr
 
-    $ leap inspect files/ca/ca.crt
-
-Create the Diffie-Hellman parameters file, needed for forward secret OpenVPN ciphers:
-
-    $ leap cert dh
-
-NOTE: the files `files/ca/*.key` are extremely sensitive and must be carefully protected. The other key files are much less sensitive and can simply be regenerated if needed.
-
-
-Edit provider.json configuration
---------------------------------------
-
-There are a few required settings in provider.json. At a minimum, you must have:
-
-    {
-      "domain": "example.org",
-      "name": "Example",
-      "contacts": {
-        "default": "email1@example.org"
-      }
-    }
+What do these commands do? The first command will create two Certificate Authorities, one that clients will use to authenticate with the servers and one for backend servers to authenticate with each other. The second command creates a Certificate Signing Request suitable for submission to a commercial CA. It also creates two "dummy" files for you to use temporarily:
 
-For a full list of possible settings, you can use `leap inspect` to see how provider.json is evaluated after including the inherited defaults:
+* `files/cert/example.org.crt` -- This is a "dummy" certificate for your domain that can be used temporarily for testing. Once you get a real certificate from a CA, you should replace this file.
+* `files/cert/commercial_ca.crt` -- This is "dummy" CA cert the corresponds to the dummy domain certificate. Once you replace the domain certificate, also replace this file with the CA cert from the real Certificate Authority.
 
-    $ leap inspect provider.json
+If you plan to run a real service provider, see important information on [[managing keys and certificates => keys-and-certificates]].
 
+Add a node to the provider
+==================================================
 
-Setup the provider's nodes and services
----------------------------------------
+A "node" is a server that is part of your infrastructure. Every node can have one or more services associated with it. We will now add a single node with two services, "webapp" and "couchdb".
 
-A "node" is a server that is part of your infrastructure. Every node can have one or more services associated with it. Some nodes are "local" and used only for testing, see [Development](development) for more information.
+You have two choices for node type: a real node or a local node.
 
-Create a node, with the service "webapp":
+* Real Node: A real node is any physical or paravirtualized server, including KVM, Xen, OpenStack Compute, Amazon EC2, but not VirtualBox or OpenVZ (VirtualBox and OpenVZ use a more limited form of virtualization). The server must be running Debian Jessie.
+* Local Node: A local node is a virtual machine created by Vagrant, useful for local testing on your workstation.
 
-    $ leap node add wildebeest ip_address:x.x.x.w services:webapp tags:production
+Getting Vagrant working can be a pain and is [[covered in other tutorials => vagrant]]. If you have a real server available, we suggest you try this tutorial with a real node first.
 
-NOTE: replace x.x.x.w with the actual IP address of this node
+### Option A: Add a real node
 
-This created a node configuration file in `nodes/wildebeest.json`, but it did not do anything else. It also added the 'tag' called 'production' to this node. Tags allow us to conveniently group nodes together. When creating nodes, you should give them the tag 'production' if the node is to be used in your production infrastructure.
+Note: Installing LEAP Platform on this server will potentially destroy anything you have previously installed on this machine.
 
-The web application and the VPN nodes require a database, so lets create the database server node:
+Create a node, with the services "webapp" and "couchdb":
 
-    $ leap node add cheetah ip_address:x.x.x.x services:couchdb tags:production
+    workstation$ leap node add wildebeest ip_address:x.x.x.w services:webapp,couchdb
 
-NOTE: replace x.x.x.x with the actual IP address of this node
+NOTE: replace x.x.x.x with the actual IP address of this server.
 
-Now we need the OpenVPN gateway, so lets create that node:
+### Option B: Add a local node
 
-    $ leap node add ostrich ip_address:x.x.x.y openvpn.gateway_address:x.x.x.z services:openvpn tags:production
+Create a node, with the services "webapp" and "couchdb", and then start the local virtual machine:
 
-NOTE: replace x.x.x.y with the IP address of the machine, and x.x.x.z with the second IP. openvpn gateways must be assigned two IP addresses, one for the host itself and one for the openvpn gateway. We do this to prevent incoming and outgoing VPN traffic on the same IP. Without this, the client might send some traffic to other VPN users in the clear, bypassing the VPN.
+    workstation$ leap node add --local wildebeest services:webapp,couchdb
+    workstation$ leap local start wildebeest
 
+It will take a while to download the Virtualbox base box and create the virtual machine.
 
-Setup DNS
----------
+Deploy your provider
+=========================================
 
-Now that you have the nodes configured, you should create the DNS entries for these nodes.
-
-Set up your DNS with these hostnames:
-
-    $ leap list --print ip_address,domain.full,dns.aliases
-       cheetah  x.x.x.w, cheetah.example.org, null
-    wildebeest  x.x.x.x, wildebeest.example.org, api.example.org
-       ostrich  x.x.x.y, ostrich.example.org, null
-
-Alternately, you can adapt this zone file snippet:
-
-    $ leap compile zone
-
-If you cannot edit your DNS zone file, you can still test your provider by adding entries to your local resolver hosts file (`/etc/hosts` for linux):
-
-    x.x.x.w cheetah.example.org
-    x.x.x.x wildebeest.example.org api.example.org example.org
-    x.x.x.y ostrich.example.org
-
-Please don't forget about these entries, they will override DNS queries if you setup your DNS later.
-
-
-Initialize the nodes
---------------------
+### Initialize the node
 
 Node initialization only needs to be done once, but there is no harm in doing it multiple times:
 
-    $ leap node init production
+    workstation$ leap node init wildebeest
 
-This will initialize all nodes with the tag "production". When `leap node init` is run, you will be prompted to verify the fingerprint of the SSH host key and to provide the root password of the server(s). You should only need to do this once.
+This will initialize the node `wildebeest`.
 
-If you prefer, you can initalize each node, one at a time:
+For non-local nodes, when `leap node init` is run, you will be prompted to verify the fingerprint of the SSH host key and to provide the root password of the server(s). You should only need to do this once.
 
-    $ leap node init wildebeest
-    $ leap node init cheetah
-    $ leap node init ostrich
+### Deploy to the node
 
-Deploy the LEAP platform to the nodes
---------------------
+The next step is to deploy the LEAP platform to your node. [Deployment can take a while to run](https://xkcd.com/303/), especially on the first run, as it needs to update the packages on the new machine.
 
-Now you should deploy the platform recipes to the nodes. [Deployment can take a while to run](http://xkcd.com/303/), especially on the first run, as it needs to update the packages on the new machine.
-
-*Important notes:* currently nodes must be deployed in a certain order. The underlying couch database node(s) must be deployed first, and then all other nodes.
-
-    $ leap deploy cheetah
+    workstation$ leap deploy wildebeest
 
 Watch the output for any errors (in red), if everything worked fine, you should now have your first running node. If you do have errors, try doing the deploy again.
 
-However, to deploy our three-node openvpn setup, we need the database and LEAP web application requires a database to run, so let's deploy to the couchdb and openvpn nodes:
-
-    $ leap deploy wildebeest
-    $ leap deploy ostrich
-
-
-What is going on here?
---------------------------------------------
+### Setup DNS
 
-First, some background terminology:
+The next step is to configure the DNS for your provider. For testing purposes, you can just modify your `/etc/hosts` file. Please don't forget about these entries, they will override DNS queries if you setup your DNS later. For a list of what entries to add to `/etc/hosts`, run this command:
 
-* **puppet**: Puppet is a system for automating deployment and management of servers (called nodes).
-* **hiera files**: In puppet, you can use something called a 'hiera file' to seed a node with a few configuration values. In LEAP, we go all out and put *every* configuration value needed for a node in the hiera file, and automatically compile a custom hiera file for each node.
+    workstation$ leap compile hosts
 
-When you run `leap deploy`, a bunch of things happen, in this order:
+Alternately, if you have access to modify the DNS zone entries for your domain:
 
-1. **Compile hiera files**: The hiera configuration file for each node is compiled in YAML format and saved in the directory `hiera`. The source material for this hiera file consists of all the JSON configuration files imported or inherited by the node's JSON config file.
-* **Copy required files to node**: All the files needed for puppet to run are rsync'ed to each node. This includes the entire leap_platform directory, as well as the node's hiera file and other files needed by puppet to set up the node (keys, binary files, etc).
-* **Puppet is run**: Once the node is ready, leap connects to the node via ssh and runs `puppet apply`. Puppet is applied locally on the node, without a daemon or puppetmaster.
+    workstation$ leap compile zone
 
-You can run `leap -v2 deploy` to see exactly what commands are being executed.
+NOTE: The resulting zone file is incomplete because it is missing a serial number. Use the output of `leap compile zone` as a guide, but do not just copy and paste the output. Also, the `compile zone` output will always exclude mention of local nodes.
 
+The DNS method will not work for local nodes created with Vagrant.
 
 Test that things worked correctly
 =================================
 
-You should now have three machines with the LEAP platform deployed to them, one for the web application, one for the database and one for the OpenVPN gateway.
-
 To run troubleshooting tests:
 
-    leap test
-
-If you want to confirm for yourself that things are working, you can perform the following manual tests.
-
-### Access the web application
-
-In order to connect to the web application in your browser, you need to point your domain at the IP address of the web application node (named wildebeest in this example).
+    workstation$ leap test
 
-There are a lot of different ways to do this, but one easy way is to modify your `/etc/hosts` file. First, find the IP address of the webapp node:
+Alternately, you can run these same tests from the server itself:
 
-    $ leap list webapp --print ip_address
+    workstation$ leap ssh wildebeest
+    wildebeest# run_tests
 
-Then modify `/etc/hosts` like so:
+Create an administrator
+===============================
 
-    x.x.x.w   leap.example.org
+Assuming that you set up your DNS or `/etc/hosts` file, you should be able to load `https://example.org` in your web browser (where example.org is whatever domain name you actually used).
 
-Replacing 'leap.example.org' with whatever you specified as the `domain` in the `leap new` command.
+Your browser will complain about an untrusted cert, but for now just bypass this. From there, you should be able to register a new user and login.
 
-Next, you can connect to the web application either using a web browser or via the API using the LEAP client. To use a browser, connect to https://leap.example.org (replacing that with your domain). Your browser will complain about an untrusted cert, but for now just bypass this. From there, you should be able to register a new user and login.
+Once you have created a user, you can now make this user an administrator. For example, if you created a user `kangaroo`, you would create the file `services/webapp.json` with the following content:
 
-### Use the VPN
-
-You should be able to simply test that the OpenVPN gateway works properly by doing the following:
-
-    $ leap test init
-    $ sudo openvpn test/openvpn/production_unlimited.ovpn
+    {
+        "webapp": {
+            "admins": ["kangaroo"]
+        }
+    }
 
-Or, you can use the LEAP client (called "bitmask") to connect to your new provider, create a user and then connect to the VPN.
+Save that file and run `leap deploy` again. When you next log on to the web application, the user kangaroo will now be an admin.
 
+If you want to restrict who can register a new user, see [[webapp]] for configuration options.
 
-Additional information
+What is next?
 ======================
 
-It is useful to know a few additional things.
-
-Useful commands
----------------
-
-Here are a few useful commands you can run on your new local nodes:
-
-* `leap ssh wildebeest` -- SSH into node wildebeest (requires `leap node init wildebeest` first).
-* `leap list` -- list all nodes.
-* `leap list production` -- list only those nodes with the tag 'production'
-* `leap list --print ip_address` -- list a particular attribute of all nodes.
-* `leap cert update` -- generate new certificates if needed.
-
-See the full command reference for more information.
+Add an end-user service
+-------------------------------
 
-Node filters
--------------------------------------------
+You should now have a minimal service provider with a single node. This service provider is pointless at the moment, because it does not include any end-user services like VPN or email. To add one of these services, continue with one of the following tutorials:
 
-Many of the `leap` commands take a "node filter". You can use a node filter to target a command at one or more nodes.
+* [[single-node-email]]
+* [[single-node-vpn]]
 
-A node filter consists of one or more keywords, with an optional "+" before each keyword.
-
-* keywords can be a node name, a service type, or a tag.
-* the "+" before the keyword constructs an AND condition
-* otherwise, multiple keywords together construct an OR condition
-
-Examples:
-
-* `leap list openvpn` -- list all nodes with service openvpn.
-* `leap list openvpn +production` -- only nodes of service type openvpn AND tag production.
-* `leap deploy webapp openvpn` -- deploy to all webapp OR openvpn nodes.
-* `leap node init ostrich` -- just init the node named ostrich.
-
-Keep track of your provider configurations
-------------------------------------------
-
-You should commit your provider changes to your favorite VCS whenever things change. This way you can share your configurations with other admins, all they have to do is to pull the changes to stay up to date. Every time you make a change to your provider, such as adding nodes, services, generating certificates, etc. you should add those to your VCS, commit them and push them to where your repository is hosted.
-
-Note that your provider directory contains secrets! Those secrets include passwords for various services. You do not want to have those passwords readable by the world, so make sure that wherever you are hosting your repository, it is not public for the world to read.
-
-What's next
------------------------------------
+Learn more
+---------------
 
-Read the [LEAP platform guide](guide) to learn about planning and securing your infrastructure.
+We have only just scratched the surface of the possible ways to configure and deploy your service provider. Your next step should be:
 
+* Read [[getting-started]] for more details on using the LEAP platform.
+* See [[commands]] for a list of possible commands.
diff --git a/doc/tutorials/single-node-email.md b/doc/tutorials/single-node-email.md
index b47496b9..0a73e6e1 100644
--- a/doc/tutorials/single-node-email.md
+++ b/doc/tutorials/single-node-email.md
@@ -1,282 +1,69 @@
 @title = 'Single node email tutorial'
-@nav_title = 'Single node email'
-@summary = 'A single node email provider.'
+@nav_title = 'Quick email'
+@summary = 'Tutorial for setting up a simple email provider.'
 
-Quick Start - Single node setup
-===============================
-
-This tutorial walks you through the initial process of creating and deploying a minimal service provider running the [LEAP platform](platform).
-We will guide you through building a single node mail provider.
+This tutorial walks you through the initial process of creating and deploying a minimal email service provider. Please first complete the [[quick-start]]. This tutorial will pick up where that one left off.
 
 Our goal
 ------------------
 
-We are going to create a minimal LEAP provider offering Email service. This basic setup can be expanded by adding more webapp and couchdb nodes to increase availability (performance wise, a single couchdb and a single webapp are more than enough for most usage, since they are only lightly used, but you might want redundancy). Please note: currently it is not possible to safely add additional couchdb nodes at a later point. They should all be added in the beginning, so please consider carefully if you would like more before proceeding.
+We are going to create a minimal LEAP provider offering email service.
 
 Our goal is something like this:
 
     $ leap list
-        NODES   SERVICES                       TAGS
-        node1   couchdb, mx, soledad, webapp   local
-
-NOTE: You won't be able to run that `leap list` command yet, not until we actually create the node configurations.
-
-Requirements
-------------
-
-In order to complete this Quick Start, you will need a few things:
-
-* You will need `one real or paravirtualized virtual machine` (Vagrant, KVM, Xen, Openstack, Amazon, …) that have a basic Debian Stable installed.
-* You should be able to `SSH into them` remotely, and know their root password, IP addresses and their SSH host keys
-* The ability to `create/modify DNS entries` for your domain is preferable, but not needed. If you don't have access to DNS, you can workaround this by modifying your local resolver, i.e. editing `/etc/hosts`.
-* You need to be aware that this process will make changes to your machines, so please be sure that these machines are a basic install with nothing configured or running for other purposes
-* Your machines will need to be connected to the internet, and not behind a restrictive firewall.
-* You should `work locally on your laptop/workstation` (one that you trust and that is ideally full-disk encrypted) while going through this guide. This is important because the provider configurations you are creating contain sensitive data that should not reside on a remote machine. The leap cli utility will login to your servers and configure the services.
-* You should do everything described below as an `unprivileged user`, and only run those commands as root that are noted with *sudo* in front of them. Other than those commands, there is no need for privileged access to your machine, and in fact things may not work correctly.
-
-All the commands in this tutorial are run on your sysadmin machine. In order to complete the tutorial, the sysadmin will do the following:
-
-* Install pre-requisites
-* Install the LEAP command-line utility
-* Check out the LEAP platform
-* Create a provider and its certificates
-* Setup the provider's node and the services that will reside on it
-* Initialize the node
-* Deploy the LEAP platform to the node
-* Test that things worked correctly
-* Some additional commands
-
-We will walk you through each of these steps.
-
-
-Prepare your environment
-========================
-
-There are a few things you need to setup before you can get going. Just some packages, the LEAP cli and the platform.
-
-Install pre-requisites
---------------------------------
-
-*Debian & Ubuntu*
-
-Install core prerequisites:
-
-    $ sudo apt-get install git ruby ruby-dev rsync openssh-client openssl rake make bzip2
-
-*Mac OS*
-
-Install rubygems from https://rubygems.org/pages/download (unless the `gem` command is already installed).
-
-
-NOTE: leap_cli should work with ruby1.8, but has only been tested using ruby1.9.
-
-
-Install the LEAP command-line utility
--------------------------------------------------
-
-Install the LEAP command-line utility (leap_cli) from rubygems.org:
-
-    $ sudo gem install leap_cli
-
-Alternately, you can install `leap_cli` from source, please refer to https://leap.se/git/leap_cli/README.md.
-
-If you have successfully installed `leap_cli`, then you should be able to do the following:
-
-    $ leap --help
-
-This will list the command-line help options. If you receive an error when doing this, please read through the README.md in the `leap_cli` source to try and resolve any problems before going forwards.
-
-
-Provider Setup
-==============
-
-A provider instance is a directory tree that contains everything you need to manage an infrastructure for a service provider. In this case, we create one for example.org and call the instance directory 'example'.
-
-    $ mkdir -p ~/leap/example
-
-Bootstrap the provider
------------------------
-
-Now, we will initialize this directory to make it a provider instance. Your provider instance will need to know where it can find the local copy of the git repository leap_platform, which we setup in the previous step.
-
-    $ cd ~/leap/example
-    $ leap new .
-
-NOTES:
- . make sure you include that trailing dot!
-
-The `leap new` command will ask you for several required values:
-
-* domain: The primary domain name of your service provider. In this tutorial, we will be using "example.org".
-* name: The name of your service provider (we use "Example").
-* contact emails: A comma separated list of email addresses that should be used for important service provider contacts (for things like postmaster aliases, Tor contact emails, etc).
-* platform: The directory where you either have a copy of the `leap_platform` git repository already checked out, or where `leap_cli` should download it too. You could just accept the suggested path for this example.
-  The LEAP Platform is a series of puppet recipes and modules that will be used to configure your provider. You will need a local copy of the platform that will be used to setup your nodes and manage your services. To begin with, you will not need to modify the LEAP Platform.
-
-These steps should be sufficient for this example. If you want to configure your provider further or like to examine the files, please refer to the [Configure Provider](configure-provider) section.
-
-Add Users who will have administrative access
----------------------------------------------
-
-Now add yourself as a privileged sysadmin who will have access to deploy to servers:
-
-    $ leap add-user --self
-
-NOTE: in most cases, `leap` must be run from within a provider instance directory tree (e.g. ~/leap/example).
-
-
-Create provider certificates
-----------------------------
-
-Create two certificate authorities, one for server certs and one for client
-certs (note: you only need to run this one command to get both):
+        NODES       SERVICES                       TAGS
+        wildebeest  couchdb, mx, soledad, webapp
 
-    $ leap cert ca
+Where 'wildebeest' is whatever name you chose for your node in the [[quick-start]].
 
-Create a temporary cert for your main domain (you should replace with a real commercial cert at some point)
-
-    $ leap cert csr
-
-
-Setup the provider's node and services
+Add email services to the node
 --------------------------------------
 
-A "node" is a server that is part of your infrastructure. Every node can have one or more services associated with it. Some nodes are "local" and used only for testing, see [Development](development) for more information.
-
-Create a node, with `all the services needed for Email: "couchdb", "mx", "soledad" and "webapp"`
-
-    $ leap node add node1 ip_address:x.x.x.w services:couchdb,mx,soledad,webapp tags:production
-
-NOTE: replace x.x.x.w with the actual IP address of this node
+In order to add [[services => services]] to a node, edit the node's JSON configuration file.
 
-This created a node configuration file in `nodes/node1.json`, but it did not do anything else. It also added the 'tag' called 'production' to this node. Tags allow us to conveniently group nodes together. When creating nodes, you should give them the tag 'production' if the node is to be used in your production infrastructure.
+In our example, we would edit `nodes/wildebeest.json`:
 
-Initialize the nodes
---------------------
-
-Node initialization only needs to be done once, but there is no harm in doing it multiple times:
+    {
+      "ip_address": "1.1.1.1",
+      "services": ["couchdb", "webapp", "mx", "soledad"]
+    }
 
-    $ leap node init node1
+Here, we added `mx` and `soledad` to the node's `services` list. Briefly:
 
-This will initialize the node "node1". When `leap node init` is run, you will be prompted to verify the fingerprint of the SSH host key and to provide the root password of the server. You should only need to do this once.
+* **mx**: nodes with the **mx** service will run postfix mail transfer agent, and are able to receive and relay email on behalf of your domain. You can have as many as you want, spread out over as many nodes as you want.
+* **soledad**: nodes with **soledad** service run the server-side daemon that allows the client to synchronize a user's personal data store among their devices. Currently, **soledad** only runs on nodes that are also **couchdb** nodes.
 
+For more details, see the [[services]] overview, or the individual pages for the [[mx]] and [[soledad]] services.
 
-Deploy the LEAP platform to the nodes
+Deploy to the node
 --------------------
 
-Now you should deploy the platform recipes to the node. [Deployment can take a while to run](http://xkcd.com/303/), especially on the first run, as it needs to update the packages on the new machine.
-
-    $ leap deploy
-
-Watch the output for any errors (in red), if everything worked fine, you should now have your first running node. If you do have errors, try doing the deploy again.
+Now you should deploy to your node.
 
+    workstation$ leap deploy
 
 Setup DNS
----------
-
-Now that you have the node configured, you should create the DNS entrie for this node.
-
-Set up your DNS with these hostnames:
-
-    $ leap list --print ip_address,domain.full,dns.aliases
-         node1  x.x.x.w, node1.example.org, example.org, api.example.org, nicknym.example.org
-
-Alternately, you can adapt this zone file snippet:
-
-    $ leap compile zone
-
-If you cannot edit your DNS zone file, you can still test your provider by adding this entry to your local resolver hosts file (`/etc/hosts` for linux):
-
-    x.x.x.w node1.example.org example.org api.example.org nicknym.example.org
-
-Please don't forget about these entries, they will override DNS queries if you setup your DNS later.
-
-
-What is going on here?
---------------------------------------------
-
-First, some background terminology:
-
-* **puppet**: Puppet is a system for automating deployment and management of servers (called nodes).
-* **hiera files**: In puppet, you can use something called a 'hiera file' to seed a node with a few configuration values. In LEAP, we go all out and put *every* configuration value needed for a node in the hiera file, and automatically compile a custom hiera file for each node.
-
-When you run `leap deploy`, a bunch of things happen, in this order:
-
-1. **Compile hiera files**: The hiera configuration file for each node is compiled in YAML format and saved in the directory `hiera`. The source material for this hiera file consists of all the JSON configuration files imported or inherited by the node's JSON config file.
-* **Copy required files to node**: All the files needed for puppet to run are rsync'ed to each node. This includes the entire leap_platform directory, as well as the node's hiera file and other files needed by puppet to set up the node (keys, binary files, etc).
-* **Puppet is run**: Once the node is ready, leap connects to the node via ssh and runs `puppet apply`. Puppet is applied locally on the node, without a daemon or puppetmaster.
-
-You can run `leap -v2 deploy` to see exactly what commands are being executed.
-
-<!-- See [under the hood](under-the-hood) for more details. -->
-
-
-Test that things worked correctly
-=================================
-
-You should now one machine with the LEAP platform email service deployed to it.
-
-
-Access the web application
---------------------------------------------
-
-In order to connect to the web application in your browser, you need to point your domain at the IP address of your new node.
-
-Next, you can connect to the web application either using a web browser or via the API using the LEAP client. To use a browser, connect to https://example.org (replacing that with your domain). Your browser will complain about an untrusted cert, but for now just bypass this. From there, you should be able to register a new user and login.
-
-Testing with leap_cli
----------------------
-
-Use the test command to run a set of different tests:
-
-    leap test
-
-
-Additional information
-======================
-
-It is useful to know a few additional things.
-
-Useful commands
----------------
-
-Here are a few useful commands you can run on your new local nodes:
-
-* `leap ssh web1` -- SSH into node web1 (requires `leap node init web1` first).
-* `leap list` -- list all nodes.
-* `leap list production` -- list only those nodes with the tag 'production'
-* `leap list --print ip_address` -- list a particular attribute of all nodes.
-* `leap cert update` -- generate new certificates if needed.
-
-See the full command reference for more information.
-
-Node filters
--------------------------------------------
-
-Many of the `leap` commands take a "node filter". You can use a node filter to target a command at one or more nodes.
+----------------------------
 
-A node filter consists of one or more keywords, with an optional "+" before each keyword.
+There are several important DNS entries that all email providers should have:
 
-* keywords can be a node name, a service type, or a tag.
-* the "+" before the keyword constructs an AND condition
-* otherwise, multiple keywords together construct an OR condition
+* SPF (Sender Policy Framework): With SPF, an email provider advertises in their DNS which servers should be allowed to relay email on behalf of your domain.
+* DKIM (DomainKey Identified Mail): With DKIM, an email provider is able to vouch for the validity of certain headers in outgoing mail, allowing the receiving provider to have more confidence in these values when processing the message for spam or abuse.
 
-Examples:
+In order to take advantage of SPF and DKIM, run this command:
 
-* `leap list openvpn` -- list all nodes with service openvpn.
-* `leap list openvpn +production` -- only nodes of service type openvpn AND tag production.
-* `leap deploy webapp openvpn` -- deploy to all webapp OR openvpn nodes.
-* `leap node init vpn1` -- just init the node named vpn1.
+    workstation$ leap compile zone
 
-Keep track of your provider configurations
-------------------------------------------
+Then take the output of that command and merge it with the DNS zone file for your domain.
 
-You should commit your provider changes to your favorite VCS whenever things change. This way you can share your configurations with other admins, all they have to do is to pull the changes to stay up to date. Every time you make a change to your provider, such as adding nodes, services, generating certificates, etc. you should add those to your VCS, commit them and push them to where your repository is hosted.
+CAUTION: the output of `leap compile zone` is not a complete zone file since it is missing a serial number. You will need to manually merge it with your existing zone file.
 
-Note that your provider directory contains secrets! Those secrets include passwords for various services. You do not want to have those passwords readable by the world, so make sure that wherever you are hosting your repository, it is not public for the world to read.
+Test it out
+---------------------------------
 
-What's next
------------------------------------
+First, run:
 
-Read the [LEAP platform guide](guide) to learn about planning and securing your infrastructure.
+    workstation# leap test
 
+Then fire up the bitmask client, register a new user with your provider, and try sending and receiving email.
diff --git a/doc/tutorials/single-node-vpn.md b/doc/tutorials/single-node-vpn.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc1df7ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/tutorials/single-node-vpn.md
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+@title = "Single node VPN tutorial"
+@nav_title = "Quick VPN"
+@summary = 'Tutorial for setting up a simple VPN provider.'
+
+This tutorial walks you through the initial process of creating and deploying a minimal VPN service provider. Please first complete the [[quick-start]]. This tutorial will pick up where that one left off.
+
+NOTE: For the VPN to work, you must use a real or paravirtualized node, not a local Vagrant node.
+
+Our goal
+------------------
+
+We are going to create a minimal LEAP provider offering VPN service.
+
+Our goal is something like this:
+
+    $ leap list
+        NODES       SERVICES                       TAGS
+        wildebeest  couchdb, webapp, openvpn, tor
+
+Where 'wildebeest' is whatever name you chose for your node in the [[quick-start]].
+
+Add VPN service to the node
+--------------------------------------
+
+In order to add [[services => services]] to a node, edit the node's JSON configuration file.
+
+In our example, we would edit `nodes/wildebeest.json`:
+
+    {
+      "ip_address": "1.1.1.1",
+      "services": ["couchdb", "webapp", "openvpn", "tor"]
+    }
+
+Here, we added `openvpn` and `tor` to the node's `services` list. Briefly:
+
+* **openvpn**: nodes with the **openvpn** service will become OpenVPN gateways that clients connect to in order to proxy their internet connection. You can have as many as you want, spread out over as many nodes as you want.
+* **tor**: nodes with **tor** service become Tor exit nodes. This is entirely optional, and will add additional bandwidth to your node. If you don't have many VPN users, the added traffic will help create cover traffic for your users. On the down side, this VPN gateway will get flagged as an anonymous proxy and some sites may block traffic from it.
+
+For more details, see the [[services]] overview, or the individual pages for the [[openvpn]] and [[tor]] services.
+
+Add gateway_address to the node
+----------------------------------------
+
+VPN gateways require two different IP addresses:
+
+* `ip_address`: This property is used for VPN traffic **egress**. In other words, all VPN traffic appears to come from this IP address. This is also the main IP of the server.
+* `openvpn.gateway_address`: This property is used for VPN traffic **ingress**. In other words, clients will connect to this IP address.
+
+The node configuration file should now look like this:
+
+    {
+      "ip_address": "1.1.1.1",
+      "services": ["couchdb", "webapp", "openvpn", "tor"],
+      "openvpn": {
+        "gateway_address": "2.2.2.2"
+      }
+    }
+
+Why two different addresses? Without this, the traffic from one VPN user to another would not be encrypted. This is because the routing table of VPN clients must ensure that packets with a destination of the VPN gateway are sent unmodified and don't get passed through the VPN's encryption.
+
+Generate a Diffie-Hellman file
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Next we need to create a Diffie-Hellman parameter file, used for forward secret OpenVPN ciphers. You only need to do this once.
+
+    workstation$ leap cert dh
+
+Feel free to erase the resulting DH file and regenerate it as you please.
+
+Deploy to the node
+--------------------
+
+Now you should deploy to your node. This may take a while.
+
+    workstation$ leap deploy
+
+If the deploy was not successful, try to run it again.
+
+Test it out
+---------------------------------
+
+First, run:
+
+    workstation$ leap test
+
+Then fire up the Bitmask client, register a new user with your provider, and turn on the VPN connection.
+
+Alternately, you can also manually connect to your VPN gateway using OpenVPN on the command line:
+
+    workstation$ sudo apt install openvpn
+    workstation$ leap test init
+    workstation$ sudo openvpn --config test/openvpn/default_unlimited.ovpn
+
+Make sure that Bitmask is not connected to the VPN when you run that command.
+
+The name of the test configuration might differ depending on your setup. The test configuration created by `leap test init` includes a client certificate that will expire, so you may need to re-run `leap test init` if it has been a while since you last generated the test configuration.
+
+What do do next
+--------------------------------
+
+A VPN provider with a single gateway is kind of limited. You can add as many nodes with service [[openvpn]] as you like. There is no communication among the VPN gateways or with the [[webapp]] or [[couchdb]] nodes, so there is no issue with scaling out the number of gateways.
+
+For example, add some more nodes:
+
+    workstation$ leap node add giraffe ip_address:1.1.1.2 services:openvpn openvpn.gateway_address:2.2.2.3
+    workstation$ leap node add rhino ip_address:1.1.1.3 services:openvpn openvpn.gateway_address:2.2.2.4
+    workstation$ leap node init giraffe rhino
+    workstation$ leap deploy
+
+Now you have three VPN gateways.
+
+One consideration is that you should tag each VPN gateway with a [[location => nodes#locations]]. This helps the client determine which VPN gateway it should connect to by default and will allow the user to choose among gateways based on location.
diff --git a/doc/tutorials/vagrant.md b/doc/tutorials/vagrant.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..710c2664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/tutorials/vagrant.md
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+@title = 'Vagrant and the LEAP Platform'
+@nav_title = 'Vagrant'
+@summary = 'Running a local provider with Vagrant'
+
+What is Vagrant?
+========================================
+
+[[Vagrant => https://www.vagrantup.com]] is a tool to make it easier to manage virtual machines running on your desktop computer (typically for testing or development purposes). You can use Vagrant to create virtual machines and deploy the LEAP platform locally.
+
+Vagrant can be a pain to get working initially, but this page should help you get through the process. Please make sure you have at least Vagrant v1.5 installed.
+
+There are two ways you can setup LEAP platform using Vagrant.
+
+1. use the `leap` command: this will allow you to create multiple virtual machines.
+2. use static Vagrantfile: there is a static Vagrantfile that is distributed with the `leap_platform.git`. This only supports a single, pre-configured virtual machine, but can get you started more quickly.
+
+Install Vagrant
+========================================
+
+Requirements:
+
+* A real machine with virtualization support in the CPU (VT-x or AMD-V). In other words, not a virtual machine.
+* Have at least 4gb of RAM.
+* Have a fast internet connection (because you will be downloading a lot of big files, like virtual machine images).
+* You should do everything described below as an unprivileged user, and only run those commands as root that are noted with *sudo* in front of them. Other than those commands, there is no need for privileged access to your machine, and in fact things may not work correctly.
+
+*Debian & Ubuntu*
+
+Install core prerequisites:
+
+    sudo apt-get install git ruby ruby-dev rsync openssh-client openssl rake make
+
+Install Vagrant:
+
+    sudo apt-get install vagrant virtualbox
+
+If you want to use libvirt instead of virtualbox, you don't need to install virtualbox. See [support for libvirt](#support-for-libvirt).
+
+*Mac OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)*
+
+Install Homebrew package manager from http://brew.sh/ and enable the [System Duplicates Repository](https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/wiki/Interesting-Taps-&-Branches) (needed to update old software versions delivered by Apple) with
+
+    brew tap homebrew/dupes
+
+Update OpenSSH to support ECDSA keys. Follow [this guide](http://www.dctrwatson.com/2013/07/how-to-update-openssh-on-mac-os-x/) to let your system use the Homebrew binary.
+
+    brew install openssh --with-brewed-openssl --with-keychain-support
+
+The certtool provided by Apple it's really old, install the one provided by GnuTLS and shadow the system's default.
+
+    sudo brew install gnutls
+    ln -sf /usr/local/bin/gnutls-certtool /usr/local/bin/certool
+
+Install the Vagrant and VirtualBox packages for OS X from their respective Download pages.
+
+* http://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html
+* https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
+
+Vagrant with leap command
+=======================================
+
+If you have not done so, install `leap` command line tool:
+
+    gem install leap_cli
+
+Creating local nodes
+----------------------------------
+
+When you create a service provider, your servers are called "nodes". When a node is virtual and exists only locally using vagrant, this type of node is called a "local node".
+
+If you do not have a provider already, you will need to create one and configure it before continuing (see the [Quick Start](quick-start) guide).
+
+These commands, for example, will create an initial provider directory "myprovider":
+
+    $ leap new --domain example.org --name Example myprovider
+    $ cd myprovider
+    $ leap add-user --self
+    $ leap cert ca
+    $ leap cert csr
+
+To create local nodes, add the flag `--local` to the `leap node add` command. For example:
+
+    $ leap node add --local web1 services:webapp
+     = created nodes/web1.json
+     = created files/nodes/web1/
+     = created files/nodes/web1/web1.key
+     = created files/nodes/web1/web1.crt
+
+This command creates a node configuration file in `nodes/web1.json` with the webapp service.
+
+Starting local nodes
+--------------------------------
+
+In order to test the node "web1" we need to start it. Starting a node for the first time will spin up a virtual machine. The first time you do this will take some time because it will need to download a VM image (about 700mb). After you've downloaded the base image, you will not need to download it again, and instead you will re-use the downloaded image (until you need to update the image).
+
+NOTE: Many people have difficulties getting Vagrant working. If the following commands do not work, please see the troubleshooting section below.
+
+    $ leap local start web1
+     = created test/
+     = created test/Vagrantfile
+     = installing vagrant plugin 'sahara'
+    Bringing machine 'web1' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
+    [web1] Box 'leap-jessie' was not found. Fetching box from specified URL for
+    the provider 'virtualbox'. Note that if the URL does not have
+    a box for this provider, you should interrupt Vagrant now and add
+    the box yourself. Otherwise Vagrant will attempt to download the
+    full box prior to discovering this error.
+    Downloading or copying the box...
+    Progress: 3% (Rate: 560k/s, Estimated time remaining: 0:13:36)
+    ...
+    Bringing machine 'web1' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
+    [web1] Importing base box 'leap-jessie'...
+    0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
+
+Now the virtual machine 'web1' is running. You can add another local node using the same process. For example, the webapp node needs a databasse to run, so let's add a "couchdb" node:
+
+    $ leap node add --local db1 services:couchdb
+    $ leap local start
+     = updated test/Vagrantfile
+    Bringing machine 'db1' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
+    [db1] Importing base box 'leap-jessie'...
+    [db1] Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
+    [db1] Setting the name of the VM...
+    [db1] Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
+    [db1] Fixed port collision for 22 => 2222. Now on port 2202.
+    [db1] Creating shared folders metadata...
+    [db1] Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
+    [db1] Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
+    [db1] Forwarding ports...
+    [db1] -- 22 => 2202 (adapter 1)
+    [db1] Running any VM customizations...
+    [db1] Booting VM...
+    [db1] Waiting for VM to boot. This can take a few minutes.
+    [db1] VM booted and ready for use!
+    [db1] Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
+    [db1] Mounting shared folders...
+    [db1] -- /vagrant
+
+You now can follow the normal LEAP process and initialize it and then deploy your recipes to it:
+
+    $ leap node init web1
+    $ leap deploy web1
+    $ leap node init db1
+    $ leap deploy db1
+
+Useful local commands
+------------------------------------
+
+There are many useful things you can do with a virtualized development environment.
+
+### Listing what machines are running
+
+Now you have the two virtual machines "web1" and "db1" running, you can see the running machines as follows:
+
+    $ leap local status
+    Current machine states:
+
+    db1                      running (virtualbox)
+    web1                     running (virtualbox)
+
+    This environment represents multiple VMs. The VMs are all listed
+    above with their current state. For more information about a specific
+    VM, run `vagrant status NAME`.
+
+### Stopping machines
+
+It is not recommended that you leave your virtual machines running when you are not using them. They consume memory and other resources! To stop your machines, simply do the following:
+
+    $ leap local stop web1 db1
+
+### Connecting to machines
+
+You can connect to your local nodes just like you do with normal LEAP nodes, by running 'leap ssh node'.
+
+However, if you cannot connect to your local node, because the networking is not setup properly, or you have deployed a firewall that locks you out, you may need to access the graphical console.
+
+In order to do that, you will need to configure Vagrant to launch a graphical console and then you can login as root there to diagnose the networking problem. To do this, add the following to your $HOME/.leaprc:
+
+    @custom_vagrant_vm_line = 'config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
+      v.gui = true
+    end'
+
+and then start, or restart, your local Vagrant node. You should get a VirtualBox graphical interface presented to you showing you the bootup and eventually the login.
+
+### Snapshotting machines
+
+A very useful feature of local Vagrant development nodes is the ability to snapshot the current state and then revert to that when you need.
+
+For example, perhaps the base image is a little bit out of date and you want to get the packages updated to the latest before continuing. You can do that simply by starting the node, connecting to it and updating the packages and then snapshotting the node:
+
+    $ leap local start web1
+    $ leap ssh web1
+    web1# apt-get -u dist-upgrade
+    web1# exit
+    $ leap local save web1
+
+Now you can deploy to web1 and if you decide you want to revert to the state before deployment, you simply have to reset the node to your previous save:
+
+    $ leap local reset web1
+
+### More information
+
+See `leap help local` for a complete list of local-only commands and how they can be used.
+
+
+2. Vagrant with static Vagrantfile
+==================================================
+
+You can use the static Vagrantfile if you want to get up a running with a pre-canned test provider.
+
+It will install a single node mail server in the default configuration with one single command.
+
+Clone the platform with
+
+    git clone --recursive -b develop https://github.com/leapcode/leap_platform.git
+
+Start the vagrant box with
+
+    cd leap_platform
+    vagrant up
+
+Follow the instructions how to configure your `/etc/hosts`
+in order to use the provider!
+
+You can login via ssh with the systemuser `vagrant` and the same password.
+
+    vagrant ssh
+
+On the host, run the tests to check if everything is working as expected:
+
+    cd /home/vagrant/leap/configuration/
+    leap test
+
+Use the bitmask client to do an initial soledad sync
+-------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Copy the self-signed CA certificate from the host.
+The easiest way is to use the [vagrant-scp plugin](https://github.com/invernizzi/vagrant-scp):
+
+    vagrant scp :/home/vagrant/leap/configuration/files/ca/ca.crt /tmp/example.org.ca.crt
+
+    vagrant@node1:~/leap/configuration$ cat files/ca/ca.crt
+
+and write it into a file, needed by the bitmask client:
+
+    bitmask --ca-cert-file /tmp/example.org.ca.crt
+
+On the first run, bitmask is creating a gpg keypair. This is
+needed for delivering and encrypting incoming mails.
+
+Testing email
+-------------
+
+    sudo apt install swaks
+    swaks -f test22@leap.se -t test22@example.org -s example.org
+
+check the logs:
+
+    sudo less /var/log/mail.log
+    sudo less /var/log/leap/mx.log
+
+if an error occurs, see if the mail is still laying in the mailspool dir:
+
+    sudo ls /var/mail/leap-mx/Maildir/new
+
+Re-run bitmask client to sync your mail
+---------------------------------------
+
+    bitmask --ca-cert-file /tmp/example.org.ca.crt
+
+Now, connect your favorite mail client to the imap and smtp proxy
+started by the bitmask client:
+
+    https://bitmask.net/en/help/email
+
+Happy testing !
+
+Using the Webapp
+----------------
+
+There are 2 users preconfigured:
+
+. `testuser`  with pw `hallo123`
+. `testadmin` with pw `hallo123`
+
+login as `testadmin` to access the webapp with admin priviledges.
+
+
+Support for libvirt
+=======================================
+
+Install libvirt plugin
+-------------------------------------
+
+By default, Vagrant will use VirtualBox to create the virtual machines, but this is how you can use libvirt. Using libvirt is more efficient, but VirtualBox is more stable and easier to set up.
+
+*For debian/ubuntu:*
+
+    sudo apt-get install libvirt-bin libvirt-dev
+
+    # to build the vagrant-libvirt plugin you need the following packages:
+    sudo apt-get install ruby-dev libxslt-dev libxml2-dev libvirt-dev
+
+    # install the required plugins
+    vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt fog fog-libvirt sahara
+
+Log out and then log back in.
+
+Note: if running ubuntu 15.10 as the host OS, you will probably need to run the following commands before "vagrant plugin install vagrant-libvirt" will work:
+
+    ln -sf /usr/lib/liblzma.so.5 /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib
+    ln -sf /usr/lib/liblzma.so.5.0.0 /opt/vagrant/embedded/lib
+
+Create libvirt pool
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Next, you must create the libvirt image pool. The "default" pool uses `/var/lib/libvirt/images`, but Vagrant will not download base boxes there. Instead, create a libvirt pool called "vagrant", like so:
+
+    virsh pool-define-as vagrant dir - - - - /home/$USER/.vagrant.d/boxes
+    virsh pool-start vagrant
+    virsh pool-autostart vagrant
+
+If you want to use a name different than "vagrant" for the pool, you can change the name in `Leapfile` by setting the `@vagrant_libvirt_pool` variable:
+
+    @vagrant_libvirt_pool = "vagrant"
+
+Force use of libvirt
+--------------------------------------------
+
+Finally, you need to tell Vagrant to use libvirt instead of VirtualBox. If using vagrant with leap_cli, modify your `Leapfile` or `.leaprc` file and add this line:
+
+    @vagrant_provider = "libvirt"
+
+Alternately, if using the static Vagrantfile, you must run this in your shell instead:
+
+    export VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER=libvirt
+
+
+Debugging
+------------------------
+
+If you get an error in any of the above commands, try to get some debugging information, it will often tell you what is wrong. In order to get debugging logs, you simply need to re-run the command that produced the error but prepend the command with VAGRANT_LOG=info, for example:
+
+    VAGRANT_LOG=info vagrant box add LEAP/jessie
+
+You can also run vagrant with --debug for full logging.
+
+Known issues
+------------------------
+
+* You may need to undefine the default libvirt pool:
+    sudo virsh pool-undefine default
+* `Call to virConnectOpen failed: internal error: Unable to locate libvirtd daemon in /usr/sbin (to override, set $LIBVIRTD_PATH to the name of the libvirtd binary)` - you don't have the libvirtd daemon running or installed, be sure you installed the 'libvirt-bin' package and it is running
+* `Call to virConnectOpen failed: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied` - you need to be in the libvirt group to access the socket, do 'sudo adduser <user> libvirtd' and then re-login to your session.
+* if each call to vagrant ends up with a segfault, it may be because you still have virtualbox around. if so, remove virtualbox to keep only libvirt + KVM. according to https://github.com/pradels/vagrant-libvirt/issues/75 having two virtualization engines installed simultaneously can lead to such weird issues.
+* see the [vagrant-libvirt issue list on github](https://github.com/pradels/vagrant-libvirt/issues)
+* be sure to use vagrant-libvirt >= 0.0.11 and sahara >= 0.0.16 (which are the latest stable gems you would get with `vagrant plugin install [vagrant-libvirt|sahara]`) for proper libvirt support,
+
+Useful commands
+------------------------
+
+Force re-download of image, in case something goes wrong:
+
+    vagrant box add leap/jessie --force --provider libvirt
+
+Shared folder support
+----------------------------
+
+For shared folder support, you need nfs-kernel-server installed on the host machine and set up sudo to allow unpriviledged users to modify /etc/exports. See [vagrant-libvirt#synced-folders](https://github.com/pradels/vagrant-libvirt#synced-folders)
+
+    sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-serve
+
+or you can disable shared folder support (if you do not need it), by setting the following in your Vagrantfile:
+
+    config.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website", disabled: trueconfig.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website", disabled: true
+
+if you are wanting this disabled for all the leap vagrant integration, you can add this to ~/.leaprc:
+
+    @custom_vagrant_vm_line = 'config.vm.synced_folder "src/", "/srv/website", disabled: true'
+
+
+Verify vagrantboxes
+===============================================
+
+When you run vagrant, it goes out to the internet and downloads an initial image for the virtual machine. If you want to verify that authenticity of these images, follow these steps.
+
+Import LEAP archive signing key:
+
+    gpg --search-keys 0x1E34A1828E207901
+
+now, either you already have a trustpath to it through one of the people
+who signed it, or you can verify this by checking this fingerprint:
+
+    gpg --fingerprint  --list-keys 1E34A1828E207901
+
+      pub   4096R/1E34A1828E207901 2013-02-06 [expires: 2015-02-07]
+            Key fingerprint = 1E45 3B2C E87B EE2F 7DFE  9966 1E34 A182 8E20 7901
+      uid                          LEAP archive signing key <sysdev@leap.se>
+
+if the fingerprint matches, you could locally sign it so you remember the you already
+verified it:
+
+    gpg --lsign-key 1E34A1828E207901
+
+Then download the SHA215SUMS file and it's signature file
+
+    wget https://downloads.leap.se/platform/SHA256SUMS.sign
+    wget https://downloads.leap.se/platform/SHA256SUMS
+
+and verify the signature against your local imported LEAP archive signing pubkey
+
+    gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.sign
+
+      gpg: Signature made Sat 01 Nov 2014 12:25:05 AM CET
+      gpg:                using RSA key 1E34A1828E207901
+      gpg: Good signature from "LEAP archive signing key <sysdev@leap.se>"
+
+Make sure that the last line says "Good signature from...", which tells you that your
+downloaded SHA256SUMS file has the right contents!
+
+Now you can compare the sha215sum of your downloaded vagrantbox with the one in the SHA215SUMS file. You could have downloaded it manually from https://atlas.hashicorp.com/api/v1/box/LEAP/jessie/$version/$provider.box otherwise it's probably located within ~/.vagrant.d/.
+
+    wget https://atlas.hashicorp.com/LEAP/boxes/jessie/versions/1.1.0/providers/libvirt.box
+    sha215sum libvirt.box
+    cat SHA215SUMS
+
+Troubleshooting
+=======================
+
+To troubleshoot vagrant issues, try going through these steps:
+
+* Try plain vagrant using the [Getting started guide](http://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/getting-started/index.html).
+* If that fails, make sure that you can run virtual machines (VMs) in plain virtualbox (Virtualbox GUI or VBoxHeadless).
+  We don't suggest a special howto for that, [this one](http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2012/02/virtualbox-install-create-vm/) seems pretty decent, or you follow the [Oracale Virtualbox User Manual](http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html). There's also specific documentation for [Debian](https://wiki.debian.org/VirtualBox) and for [Ubuntu](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/VirtualBox). If you succeeded, try again if you now can start vagrant nodes using plain vagrant (see first step).
+* If plain vagrant works for you, you're very close to using vagrant with leap! If you encounter any problems now, please [contact us](https://leap.se/en/about-us/contact) or use our [issue tracker](https://leap.se/code)
+
+Additional notes
+====================
+
+Some useful plugins
+-----------------------------
+
+* The vagrant-cachier (plugin http://fgrehm.viewdocs.io/vagrant-cachier/) lets you cache .deb packages on your hosts so they are not downloaded by multiple machines over and over again, after resetting to a previous state.
+
+Limitations
+-----------------------
+
+Please consult the known issues for vagrant, see the [Known Issues](known-issues), section *Special Environments*
+
+Known working combinations
+--------------------------
+
+Please consider that using other combinations might work for you as well, these are just the combinations we tried and worked for us:
+
+Debian Wheezy
+
+* `virtualbox-4.2 4.2.16-86992~Debian~wheezy` from Oracle and `vagrant 1.2.2` from vagrantup.com
+
+Ubuntu Wily 15.10
+
+* libvirt with vagrant 1.7.2, from standard Ubuntu packages.
+
+Mac OS X 10.9
+
+* `VirtualBox 4.3.10` from virtualbox.org and `vagrant 1.5.4` from vagrantup.com
+
+
+Issue reporting
+---------------
+
+When you encounter any bugs, please [check first](https://leap.se/code/search) on our bugtracker if it's something already known. Reporting bugs is the first [step in fixing them](https://leap.se/code/projects/report-issues). Please include all the relevant details: platform branch, version of leap_cli, past upgrades.