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% Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
% use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
% the License at
%
% http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
%
% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
% WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
% License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
% the License.
%
% bind_path is based on bind method from Webmachine
%% @doc Module for URL rewriting by pattern matching.
-module(couch_httpd_rewrite).
-export([handle_rewrite_req/3]).
-include("couch_db.hrl").
-define(SEPARATOR, $\/).
-define(MATCH_ALL, '*').
%% doc The http rewrite handler. All rewriting is done from
%% /dbname/_design/ddocname/_rewrite by default.
%%
%% each rules should be in rewrites member of the design doc.
%% Ex of a complete rule :
%%
%% {
%% ....
%% "rewrites": [
%% {
%% "from": "",
%% "to": "index.html",
%% "method": "GET",
%% "query": {}
%% }
%% ]
%% }
%%
%% from: is the path rule used to bind current uri to the rule. It
%% use pattern matching for that.
%%
%% to: rule to rewrite an url. It can contain variables depending on binding
%% variables discovered during pattern matching and query args (url args and from
%% the query member.)
%%
%% method: method to bind the request method to the rule. by default "*"
%% query: query args you want to define they can contain dynamic variable
%% by binding the key to the bindings
%%
%%
%% to and from are path with patterns. pattern can be string starting with ":" or
%% "*". ex:
%% /somepath/:var/*
%%
%% This path is converted in erlang list by splitting "/". Each var are
%% converted in atom. "*" is converted to '*' atom. The pattern matching is done
%% by splitting "/" in request url in a list of token. A string pattern will
%% match equal token. The star atom ('*' in single quotes) will match any number
%% of tokens, but may only be present as the last pathtern in a pathspec. If all
%% tokens are matched and all pathterms are used, then the pathspec matches. It works
%% like webmachine. Each identified token will be reused in to rule and in query
%%
%% The pattern matching is done by first matching the request method to a rule. by
%% default all methods match a rule. (method is equal to "*" by default). Then
%% It will try to match the path to one rule. If no rule match, then a 404 error
%% is displayed.
%%
%% Once a rule is found we rewrite the request url using the "to" and
%% "query" members. The identified token are matched to the rule and
%% will replace var. if '*' is found in the rule it will contain the remaining
%% part if it exists.
%%
%% Examples:
%%
%% Dispatch rule URL TO Tokens
%%
%% {"from": "/a/b", /a/b?k=v /some/b?k=v var =:= b
%% "to": "/some/"} k = v
%%
%% {"from": "/a/b", /a/b /some/b?var=b var =:= b
%% "to": "/some/:var"}
%%
%% {"from": "/a", /a /some
%% "to": "/some/*"}
%%
%% {"from": "/a/*", /a/b/c /some/b/c
%% "to": "/some/*"}
%%
%% {"from": "/a", /a /some
%% "to": "/some/*"}
%%
%% {"from": "/a/:foo/*", /a/b/c /some/b/c?foo=b foo =:= b
%% "to": "/some/:foo/*"}
%%
%% {"from": "/a/:foo", /a/b /some/?k=b&foo=b foo =:= b
%% "to": "/some",
%% "query": {
%% "k": ":foo"
%% }}
%%
%% {"from": "/a", /a?foo=b /some/b foo =:= b
%% "to": "/some/:foo",
%% }}
handle_rewrite_req(#httpd{
path_parts=[DbName, <<"_design">>, DesignName, _Rewrite|PathParts],
method=Method,
mochi_req=MochiReq}=Req, _Db, DDoc) ->
% we are in a design handler
DesignId = <<"_design/", DesignName/binary>>,
Prefix = <<"/", DbName/binary, "/", DesignId/binary>>,
QueryList = couch_httpd:qs(Req),
#doc{body={Props}} = DDoc,
% get rules from ddoc
case couch_util:get_value(<<"rewrites">>, Props) of
undefined ->
couch_httpd:send_error(Req, 404, <<"rewrite_error">>,
<<"Invalid path.">>);
Rules ->
% create dispatch list from rules
DispatchList = [make_rule(Rule) || {Rule} <- Rules],
%% get raw path by matching url to a rule.
RawPath = case try_bind_path(DispatchList, Method, PathParts,
QueryList) of
no_dispatch_path ->
throw(not_found);
{NewPathParts, Bindings} ->
Parts = [mochiweb_util:quote_plus(X) || X <- NewPathParts],
% build new path, reencode query args, eventually convert
% them to json
Path = lists:append(
string:join(Parts, [?SEPARATOR]),
case Bindings of
[] -> [];
_ -> [$?, encode_query(Bindings)]
end),
% if path is relative detect it and rewrite path
case mochiweb_util:safe_relative_path(Path) of
undefined ->
?b2l(Prefix) ++ "/" ++ Path;
P1 ->
?b2l(Prefix) ++ "/" ++ P1
end
end,
% normalize final path (fix levels "." and "..")
RawPath1 = ?b2l(iolist_to_binary(normalize_path(RawPath))),
?LOG_DEBUG("rewrite to ~p ~n", [RawPath1]),
% build a new mochiweb request
MochiReq1 = mochiweb_request:new(MochiReq:get(socket),
MochiReq:get(method),
RawPath1,
MochiReq:get(version),
MochiReq:get(headers)),
% cleanup, It force mochiweb to reparse raw uri.
MochiReq1:cleanup(),
#httpd{
db_url_handlers = DbUrlHandlers,
design_url_handlers = DesignUrlHandlers,
default_fun = DefaultFun,
url_handlers = UrlHandlers
} = Req,
couch_httpd:handle_request_int(MochiReq1, DefaultFun,
UrlHandlers, DbUrlHandlers, DesignUrlHandlers)
end.
%% @doc Try to find a rule matching current url. If none is found
%% 404 error not_found is raised
try_bind_path([], _Method, _PathParts, _QueryList) ->
no_dispatch_path;
try_bind_path([Dispatch|Rest], Method, PathParts, QueryList) ->
[{PathParts1, Method1}, RedirectPath, QueryArgs] = Dispatch,
case bind_method(Method1, Method) of
true ->
case bind_path(PathParts1, PathParts, []) of
{ok, Remaining, Bindings} ->
Bindings1 = Bindings ++ QueryList,
% we parse query args from the rule and fill
% it eventually with bindings vars
QueryArgs1 = make_query_list(QueryArgs, Bindings1, []),
% remove params in QueryLists1 that are already in
% QueryArgs1
Bindings2 = lists:foldl(fun({K, V}, Acc) ->
K1 = to_atom(K),
KV = case couch_util:get_value(K1, QueryArgs1) of
undefined -> [{K1, V}];
_V1 -> []
end,
Acc ++ KV
end, [], Bindings1),
FinalBindings = Bindings2 ++ QueryArgs1,
NewPathParts = make_new_path(RedirectPath, FinalBindings,
Remaining, []),
{NewPathParts, FinalBindings};
fail ->
try_bind_path(Rest, Method, PathParts, QueryList)
end;
false ->
try_bind_path(Rest, Method, PathParts, QueryList)
end.
%% rewriting dynamically the quey list given as query member in
%% rewrites. Each value is replaced by one binding or an argument
%% passed in url.
make_query_list([], _Bindings, Acc) ->
Acc;
make_query_list([{Key, {Value}}|Rest], Bindings, Acc) ->
Value1 = to_json({Value}),
make_query_list(Rest, Bindings, [{to_atom(Key), Value1}|Acc]);
make_query_list([{Key, Value}|Rest], Bindings, Acc) when is_binary(Value) ->
Value1 = replace_var(Key, Value, Bindings),
make_query_list(Rest, Bindings, [{to_atom(Key), Value1}|Acc]);
make_query_list([{Key, Value}|Rest], Bindings, Acc) when is_list(Value) ->
Value1 = replace_var(Key, Value, Bindings),
make_query_list(Rest, Bindings, [{to_atom(Key), Value1}|Acc]);
make_query_list([{Key, Value}|Rest], Bindings, Acc) ->
make_query_list(Rest, Bindings, [{to_atom(Key), Value}|Acc]).
replace_var(Key, Value, Bindings) ->
case Value of
<<":", Var/binary>> ->
get_var(Var, Bindings, Value);
_ when is_list(Value) ->
Value1 = lists:foldr(fun(V, Acc) ->
V1 = case V of
<<":", VName/binary>> ->
get_var(VName, Bindings, V);
_ ->
V
end,
[V1|Acc]
end, [], Value),
to_json(Value1);
_ when is_binary(Value) ->
Value;
_ ->
case Key of
<<"key">> -> to_json(Value);
<<"startkey">> -> to_json(Value);
<<"endkey">> -> to_json(Value);
_ ->
lists:flatten(?JSON_ENCODE(Value))
end
end.
get_var(VarName, Props, Default) ->
VarName1 = list_to_atom(binary_to_list(VarName)),
couch_util:get_value(VarName1, Props, Default).
%% doc: build new patch from bindings. bindings are query args
%% (+ dynamic query rewritten if needed) and bindings found in
%% bind_path step.
make_new_path([], _Bindings, _Remaining, Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
make_new_path([?MATCH_ALL], _Bindings, Remaining, Acc) ->
Acc1 = lists:reverse(Acc) ++ Remaining,
Acc1;
make_new_path([?MATCH_ALL|_Rest], _Bindings, Remaining, Acc) ->
Acc1 = lists:reverse(Acc) ++ Remaining,
Acc1;
make_new_path([P|Rest], Bindings, Remaining, Acc) when is_atom(P) ->
P2 = case couch_util:get_value(P, Bindings) of
undefined -> << "undefined">>;
P1 -> P1
end,
make_new_path(Rest, Bindings, Remaining, [P2|Acc]);
make_new_path([P|Rest], Bindings, Remaining, Acc) ->
make_new_path(Rest, Bindings, Remaining, [P|Acc]).
%% @doc If method of the query fith the rule method. If the
%% method rule is '*', which is the default, all
%% request method will bind. It allows us to make rules
%% depending on HTTP method.
bind_method(?MATCH_ALL, _Method) ->
true;
bind_method(Method, Method) ->
true;
bind_method(_, _) ->
false.
%% @doc bind path. Using the rule from we try to bind variables given
%% to the current url by pattern matching
bind_path([], [], Bindings) ->
{ok, [], Bindings};
bind_path([?MATCH_ALL], Rest, Bindings) when is_list(Rest) ->
{ok, Rest, Bindings};
bind_path(_, [], _) ->
fail;
bind_path([Token|RestToken],[Match|RestMatch],Bindings) when is_atom(Token) ->
bind_path(RestToken, RestMatch, [{Token, Match}|Bindings]);
bind_path([Token|RestToken], [Token|RestMatch], Bindings) ->
bind_path(RestToken, RestMatch, Bindings);
bind_path(_, _, _) ->
fail.
%% normalize path.
normalize_path(Path) ->
"/" ++ string:join(normalize_path1(string:tokens(Path,
"/"), []), [?SEPARATOR]).
normalize_path1([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
normalize_path1([".."|Rest], Acc) ->
Acc1 = case Acc of
[] -> [".."|Acc];
[T|_] when T =:= ".." -> [".."|Acc];
[_|R] -> R
end,
normalize_path1(Rest, Acc1);
normalize_path1(["."|Rest], Acc) ->
normalize_path1(Rest, Acc);
normalize_path1([Path|Rest], Acc) ->
normalize_path1(Rest, [Path|Acc]).
%% @doc transform json rule in erlang for pattern matching
make_rule(Rule) ->
Method = case couch_util:get_value(<<"method">>, Rule) of
undefined -> '*';
M -> list_to_atom(?b2l(M))
end,
QueryArgs = case couch_util:get_value(<<"query">>, Rule) of
undefined -> [];
{Args} -> Args
end,
FromParts = case couch_util:get_value(<<"from">>, Rule) of
undefined -> ['*'];
From ->
parse_path(From)
end,
ToParts = case couch_util:get_value(<<"to">>, Rule) of
undefined ->
throw({error, invalid_rewrite_target});
To ->
parse_path(To)
end,
[{FromParts, Method}, ToParts, QueryArgs].
parse_path(Path) ->
{ok, SlashRE} = re:compile(<<"\\/">>),
path_to_list(re:split(Path, SlashRE), []).
%% @doc convert a path rule (from or to) to an erlang list
%% * and path variable starting by ":" are converted
%% in erlang atom.
path_to_list([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
path_to_list([<<>>|R], Acc) ->
path_to_list(R, Acc);
path_to_list([<<"*">>|R], Acc) ->
path_to_list(R, [?MATCH_ALL|Acc]);
path_to_list([P|R], Acc) ->
P1 = case P of
<<":", Var/binary>> ->
list_to_atom(binary_to_list(Var));
_ -> P
end,
path_to_list(R, [P1|Acc]).
encode_query(Props) ->
Props1 = lists:foldl(fun ({K, V}, Acc) ->
V1 = case is_list(V) of
true -> V;
false when is_binary(V) ->
V;
false ->
mochiweb_util:quote_plus(V)
end,
[{K, V1} | Acc]
end, [], Props),
lists:flatten(mochiweb_util:urlencode(Props1)).
to_atom(V) when is_atom(V) ->
V;
to_atom(V) when is_binary(V) ->
to_atom(?b2l(V));
to_atom(V) ->
list_to_atom(V).
to_json(V) ->
iolist_to_binary(?JSON_ENCODE(V)).
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