package se.leap.leapclient; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.KeyStore; import java.security.KeyStoreException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.cert.CertificateException; import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; import java.net.CookieHandler; import java.net.CookieManager; import java.net.HttpCookie; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.SocketTimeoutException; import java.net.URISyntaxException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection; import java.util.Scanner; import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier; import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpDelete; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest; import org.apache.http.client.protocol.ClientContext; import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext; import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext; import org.jboss.security.Util; import org.jboss.security.srp.SRPParameters; import org.json.JSONException; import org.json.JSONObject; import se.leap.leapclient.ProviderListContent.ProviderItem; import android.app.IntentService; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.ResultReceiver; import android.util.Base64; import android.util.Log; /** * Implements HTTP api methods used to manage communications with the provider server. * * It's an IntentService because it downloads data fromt he Internet, so it operates in the background. * * @author parmegv * @author MeanderingCode * */ public class ProviderAPI extends IntentService { public ProviderAPI() { super("ProviderAPI"); Log.v("ClassName", "Provider API"); } @Override protected void onHandleIntent(Intent task_for) { final ResultReceiver receiver = task_for.getParcelableExtra("receiver"); Bundle task; if((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.DOWNLOAD_JSON_FILES_BUNDLE_EXTRA)) != null) { if(!downloadJsonFiles(task)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.INCORRECTLY_DOWNLOADED_JSON_FILES, Bundle.EMPTY); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.CORRECTLY_DOWNLOADED_JSON_FILES, Bundle.EMPTY); } } else if ((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.UPDATE_PROVIDER_DOTJSON)) != null) { Bundle result = updateProviderDotJSON(task); if(result.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.CORRECTLY_UPDATED_PROVIDER_DOT_JSON, result); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.INCORRECTLY_UPDATED_PROVIDER_DOT_JSON, Bundle.EMPTY); } } else if ((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.DOWNLOAD_NEW_PROVIDER_DOTJSON)) != null) { if(downloadNewProviderDotJSON(task)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.CUSTOM_PROVIDER_ADDED, Bundle.EMPTY); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.INCORRECTLY_DOWNLOADED_JSON_FILES, Bundle.EMPTY); } } else if ((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.SRP_AUTH)) != null) { Bundle session_id_bundle = authenticateBySRP(task); if(session_id_bundle.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.SRP_AUTHENTICATION_SUCCESSFUL, session_id_bundle); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.SRP_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED, Bundle.EMPTY); } } else if ((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.LOG_OUT)) != null) { if(logOut(task)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.LOGOUT_SUCCESSFUL, Bundle.EMPTY); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.LOGOUT_FAILED, Bundle.EMPTY); } } else if ((task = task_for.getBundleExtra(ConfigHelper.DOWNLOAD_CERTIFICATE)) != null) { if(getNewCert(task)) { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.CORRECTLY_DOWNLOADED_CERTIFICATE, Bundle.EMPTY); } else { receiver.send(ConfigHelper.INCORRECTLY_DOWNLOADED_CERTIFICATE, Bundle.EMPTY); } } } /** * Downloads the main cert and the eip-service.json files given through the task parameter * @param task * @return true if eip-service.json was parsed as a JSON object correctly. */ private boolean downloadJsonFiles(Bundle task) { String cert_url = task.getString(ConfigHelper.MAIN_CERT_KEY); String eip_service_json_url = task.getString(ConfigHelper.EIP_SERVICE_KEY); boolean danger_on = task.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.DANGER_ON); try { String cert_string = getStringFromProvider(cert_url, danger_on); ConfigHelper.saveSharedPref(ConfigHelper.MAIN_CERT_KEY, cert_string); JSONObject eip_service_json = getJSONFromProvider(eip_service_json_url, danger_on); ConfigHelper.saveSharedPref(ConfigHelper.EIP_SERVICE_KEY, eip_service_json); return true; } catch (JSONException e) { return false; } } /** * Starts the authentication process using SRP protocol. * * @param task containing: username, password and api url. * @return a bundle with a boolean value mapped to a key named ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, and which is true if authentication was successful. */ private Bundle authenticateBySRP(Bundle task) { Bundle session_id_bundle = new Bundle(); String username = (String) task.get(ConfigHelper.USERNAME_KEY); String password = (String) task.get(ConfigHelper.PASSWORD_KEY); String authentication_server = (String) task.get(ConfigHelper.API_URL_KEY); SRPParameters params = new SRPParameters(new BigInteger(ConfigHelper.NG_1024, 16).toByteArray(), ConfigHelper.G.toByteArray(), BigInteger.ZERO.toByteArray(), "SHA-256"); LeapSRPSession client = new LeapSRPSession(username, password, params); byte[] A = client.exponential(); try { JSONObject saltAndB = sendAToSRPServer(authentication_server, username, new BigInteger(1, A).toString(16)); if(saltAndB.length() > 0) { String salt = saltAndB.getString(ConfigHelper.SALT_KEY); byte[] Bbytes = new BigInteger(saltAndB.getString("B"), 16).toByteArray(); byte[] M1 = client.response(new BigInteger(salt, 16).toByteArray(), Bbytes); JSONObject session_idAndM2 = sendM1ToSRPServer(authentication_server, username, M1); if( client.verify((byte[])session_idAndM2.get("M2")) == false ) { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } else { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, true); session_id_bundle.putString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_KEY, session_idAndM2.getString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_KEY)); session_id_bundle.putString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_COOKIE_KEY, session_idAndM2.getString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_COOKIE_KEY)); } } else { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } catch (IOException e) { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } catch (JSONException e) { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { session_id_bundle.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } return session_id_bundle; } /** * Sends an HTTP POST request to the authentication server with the SRP Parameter A. * @param server_url * @param username * @param clientA First SRP parameter sent * @return response from authentication server * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws IOException * @throws JSONException */ private JSONObject sendAToSRPServer(String server_url, String username, String clientA) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, JSONException { HttpPost post = new HttpPost(server_url + "/sessions.json" + "?" + "login=" + username + "&&" + "A=" + clientA); return sendToServer(post); } /** * Sends an HTTP PUT request to the authentication server with the SRP Parameter M1 (or simply M). * @param server_url * @param username * @param m1 Second SRP parameter sent * @return response from authentication server * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws IOException * @throws JSONException */ private JSONObject sendM1ToSRPServer(String server_url, String username, byte[] m1) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, JSONException { HttpPut put = new HttpPut(server_url + "/sessions/" + username +".json" + "?" + "client_auth" + "=" + new BigInteger(1, Util.trim(m1)).toString(16)); JSONObject json_response = sendToServer(put); JSONObject session_idAndM2 = new JSONObject(); if(json_response.length() > 0) { byte[] M2_not_trimmed = new BigInteger(json_response.getString(ConfigHelper.M2_KEY), 16).toByteArray(); Cookie session_id_cookie = LeapHttpClient.getInstance(getApplicationContext()).getCookieStore().getCookies().get(0); session_idAndM2.put(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_COOKIE_KEY, session_id_cookie.getName()); session_idAndM2.put(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_KEY, session_id_cookie.getValue()); session_idAndM2.put(ConfigHelper.M2_KEY, Util.trim(M2_not_trimmed)); } return session_idAndM2; } /** * Executes an HTTP request expecting a JSON response. * @param request * @return response from authentication server * @throws ClientProtocolException * @throws IOException * @throws JSONException */ private JSONObject sendToServer(HttpUriRequest request) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException, JSONException { DefaultHttpClient client = LeapHttpClient.getInstance(getApplicationContext()); HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext(); localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, client.getCookieStore()); HttpResponse getResponse = client.execute(request, localContext); HttpEntity responseEntity = getResponse.getEntity(); String plain_response = new Scanner(responseEntity.getContent()).useDelimiter("\\A").next(); JSONObject json_response = new JSONObject(plain_response); if(!json_response.isNull(ConfigHelper.ERRORS_KEY) || json_response.has(ConfigHelper.ERRORS_KEY)) { return new JSONObject(); } return json_response; } /** * Downloads a provider.json from a given URL, adding a new provider using the given name. * @param task containing a boolean meaning if the provider is custom or not, another boolean meaning if the user completely trusts this provider, the provider name and its provider.json url. * @return a bundle with a boolean value mapped to a key named ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, and which is true if the update was successful. */ private Bundle updateProviderDotJSON(Bundle task) { Bundle result = new Bundle(); boolean custom = task.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.CUSTOM); boolean danger_on = task.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.DANGER_ON); String provider_json_url = task.getString(ConfigHelper.PROVIDER_JSON_URL); String provider_name = task.getString(ConfigHelper.PROVIDER_NAME); try { JSONObject provider_json = getJSONFromProvider(provider_json_url, danger_on); if(provider_json == null) { result.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } else { ConfigHelper.saveSharedPref(ConfigHelper.ALLOWED_ANON, provider_json.getJSONObject(ConfigHelper.SERVICE_KEY).getBoolean(ConfigHelper.ALLOWED_ANON)); ProviderListContent.addItem(new ProviderItem(provider_name, provider_json_url, provider_json, custom, danger_on)); result.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, true); result.putString(ConfigHelper.PROVIDER_KEY, provider_json.toString()); result.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.DANGER_ON, danger_on); } } catch (JSONException e) { result.putBoolean(ConfigHelper.RESULT_KEY, false); } return result; } /** * Downloads a custom provider provider.json file * @param task containing a boolean meaning if the user completely trusts this provider, and the provider main url entered in the new custom provider dialog. * @return true if provider.json file was successfully parsed as a JSON object. */ private boolean downloadNewProviderDotJSON(Bundle task) { boolean custom = true; boolean danger_on = task.getBoolean(ConfigHelper.DANGER_ON); String provider_main_url = (String) task.get(ConfigHelper.PROVIDER_MAIN_URL); String provider_name = provider_main_url.replaceFirst("http[s]?://", "").replaceFirst("\\/", "_"); String provider_json_url = guessProviderDotJsonURL(provider_main_url); JSONObject provider_json; try { provider_json = getJSONFromProvider(provider_json_url, danger_on); ProviderListContent.addItem(new ProviderItem(provider_name, provider_json_url, provider_json, custom, danger_on)); } catch (JSONException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } return true; } /** * Tries to download whatever is pointed by the string_url. * * If danger_on flag is true, SSL exceptions will be managed by futher methods that will try to use some bypass methods. * @param string_url * @param danger_on if the user completely trusts this provider * @return */ private String getStringFromProvider(String string_url, boolean danger_on) { String json_file_content = ""; URL provider_url = null; int seconds_of_timeout = 1; try { provider_url = new URL(string_url); URLConnection url_connection = provider_url.openConnection(); url_connection.setConnectTimeout(seconds_of_timeout*1000); json_file_content = new Scanner(url_connection.getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch(SocketTimeoutException e) { return ""; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO SSLHandshakeException // This means that we have not added ca.crt to the trusted certificates. if(provider_url != null && danger_on) { json_file_content = getStringFromProviderWithoutValidate(provider_url); } //json_file_content = downloadStringFromProviderWithCACertAdded(string_url); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return json_file_content; } /** * Tries to download a string from given url without verifying the hostname. * * If a IOException still occurs, it tries with another bypass method: getStringFromProviderWithCACertAdded. * @param string_url * @return an empty string if everything fails, the url content if not. */ private String getStringFromProviderWithoutValidate( URL string_url) { String json_string = ""; HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() { @Override public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) { return true; } }; try { HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)string_url.openConnection(); urlConnection.setHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier); json_string = new Scanner(urlConnection.getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { json_string = getStringFromProviderWithCACertAdded(string_url); //e.printStackTrace(); } return json_string; } /** * Tries to download the contents of the provided url using main certificate from choosen provider. * @param url * @return an empty string if it fails, the url content if not. */ private String getStringFromProviderWithCACertAdded(URL url) { String json_file_content = ""; // Load CAs from an InputStream // (could be from a resource or ByteArrayInputStream or ...) String cert_string = ConfigHelper.getStringFromSharedPref(ConfigHelper.MAIN_CERT_KEY); if(cert_string.isEmpty()) { cert_string = downloadCertificateWithoutTrusting(url.getProtocol() + "://" + url.getHost() + "/" + "ca.crt"); ConfigHelper.saveSharedPref(ConfigHelper.MAIN_CERT_KEY, cert_string); } CertificateFactory cf; try { cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509"); cert_string = cert_string.replaceFirst("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", "").replaceFirst("-----END CERTIFICATE-----", "").trim(); byte[] cert_bytes = Base64.decode(cert_string, Base64.DEFAULT); InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(cert_bytes); java.security.cert.Certificate ca; try { ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput); System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN()); } finally { caInput.close(); } // Create a KeyStore containing our trusted CAs String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType(); KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType); keyStore.load(null, null); keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca); // Create a TrustManager that trusts the CAs in our KeyStore String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm); tmf.init(keyStore); // Create an SSLContext that uses our TrustManager SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null); // Tell the URLConnection to use a SocketFactory from our SSLContext HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)url.openConnection(); urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory()); json_file_content = new Scanner(urlConnection.getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next(); } catch (CertificateException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyStoreException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return json_file_content; } /** * Downloads the certificate from the parameter url bypassing self signed certificate SSL errors. * @param certificate_url_string * @return the certificate, as a string */ private String downloadCertificateWithoutTrusting(String certificate_url_string) { String cert_string = ""; HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() { @Override public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) { return true; } }; TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{ new X509TrustManager() { public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } public void checkClientTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) { } public void checkServerTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) { } } }; try { URL certificate_url = new URL(certificate_url_string); HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection)certificate_url.openConnection(); urlConnection.setHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier); SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS"); sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, new java.security.SecureRandom()); urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory()); cert_string = new Scanner(urlConnection.getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A").next(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // This should never happen e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeyManagementException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } return cert_string; } /** * Downloads a JSON object from the given url. * * It first downloads the JSON object as a String, and then parses it to JSON object. * @param json_url * @param danger_on if the user completely trusts the certificate of the url address. * @return * @throws JSONException */ private JSONObject getJSONFromProvider(String json_url, boolean danger_on) throws JSONException { String json_file_content = getStringFromProvider(json_url, danger_on); return new JSONObject(json_file_content); } /** * Tries to guess the provider.json url given the main provider url. * @param provider_main_url * @return the guessed provider.json url */ private String guessProviderDotJsonURL(String provider_main_url) { return provider_main_url + "/provider.json"; } /** * Logs out from the api url retrieved from the task. * @param task containing api url from which the user will log out * @return true if there were no exceptions */ private boolean logOut(Bundle task) { DefaultHttpClient client = LeapHttpClient.getInstance(getApplicationContext()); int session_id_index = 0; //String delete_url = task.getString(ConfigHelper.srp_server_url_key) + "/sessions/" + client.getCookieStore().getCookies().get(0).getValue(); try { String delete_url = task.getString(ConfigHelper.API_URL_KEY) + "/logout" + "?authenticity_token=" + client.getCookieStore().getCookies().get(session_id_index).getValue(); HttpDelete delete = new HttpDelete(delete_url); HttpResponse getResponse = client.execute(delete); HttpEntity responseEntity = getResponse.getEntity(); responseEntity.consumeContent(); } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } return true; } /** * Downloads a new OpenVPN certificate, attaching authenticated cookie for authenticated certificate. * * @param task containing the type of the certificate to be downloaded * @return true if certificate was downloaded correctly, false if provider.json or danger_on flag are not present in SharedPreferences, or if the certificate url could not be parsed as a URI, or if there was an SSL error. */ private boolean getNewCert(Bundle task) { String type_of_certificate = task.getString(ConfigHelper.TYPE_OF_CERTIFICATE); try { JSONObject provider_json = ConfigHelper.getJsonFromSharedPref(ConfigHelper.PROVIDER_KEY); URL provider_main_url = new URL(provider_json.getString(ConfigHelper.API_URL_KEY)); String new_cert_string_url = provider_main_url.toString() + "/" + provider_json.getString(ConfigHelper.API_VERSION_KEY) + "/" + ConfigHelper.CERT_KEY; if(type_of_certificate.equalsIgnoreCase(ConfigHelper.AUTHED_CERTIFICATE)) { HttpCookie session_id_cookie = new HttpCookie(task.getString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_COOKIE_KEY), task.getString(ConfigHelper.SESSION_ID_KEY)); CookieManager cookieManager = new CookieManager(); cookieManager.getCookieStore().add(provider_main_url.toURI(), session_id_cookie); CookieHandler.setDefault(cookieManager); } boolean danger_on = ConfigHelper.getBoolFromSharedPref(ConfigHelper.DANGER_ON); String cert_string = getStringFromProvider(new_cert_string_url, danger_on); if(!cert_string.isEmpty()) { ConfigHelper.saveSharedPref(ConfigHelper.CERT_KEY, cert_string); return true; } else { return false; } } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } catch (JSONException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } catch (URISyntaxException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } }