Merge branch 'audit_fixes' into 'master'

reliability improvements

See merge request leap/bitmask_android!248

42 files changed, 616 insertions, 608 deletions

diff --git a/app/build.gradle b/app/build.gradle
index 07cf4ca5..367f69c8 100644
--- a/app/build.gradle
+++ b/app/build.gradle
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import java.util.regex.Pattern
 apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
 
 android {
-  compileSdkVersion 31
+  compileSdkVersion 33
   ndkVersion "21.4.7075529"
-  buildToolsVersion '31.0.0'
+  buildToolsVersion '33.0.2'
 
   compileOptions {
     targetCompatibility 1.8
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ android {
     versionCode 169000
     versionName "1.1.8"
     minSdkVersion 21
-    targetSdkVersion 31
+    targetSdkVersion 33
     vectorDrawables.useSupportLibrary = true
     buildConfigField 'boolean', 'openvpn3', 'false'
 
@@ -429,6 +429,7 @@ dependencies {
   implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.10.0'
   implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-dnsoverhttps:4.10.0'
   implementation 'org.conscrypt:conscrypt-android:2.5.2'
+  implementation 'androidx.security:security-crypto:1.1.0-alpha06'
   implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-core-utils:1.0.0'
   implementation 'androidx.annotation:annotation:1.4.0'
   implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
diff --git a/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml
index 08062ff3..c15de426 100644
--- a/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/src/debug/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
     <application
         android:name=".base.BitmaskApp"
-        android:allowBackup="true"
         android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
         android:label="@string/app_name"
         android:extractNativeLibs="true"
diff --git a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
index 5d221529..cbc06854 100644
--- a/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 
     <application
         android:name=".base.BitmaskApp"
-        android:allowBackup="true"
+        android:allowBackup="false"
+        android:fullBackupContent="false"
+        android:dataExtractionRules="@xml/data_extraction_rules"
         android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
         android:label="@string/app_name"
         android:extractNativeLibs="true"
@@ -82,6 +84,7 @@
             android:name=".base.StartActivity"
             android:label="@string/app_name"
             android:launchMode="singleTop"
+            android:taskAffinity=""
             android:theme="@style/SplashTheme"
             android:exported="true"
             >
diff --git a/app/src/main/aidl/de/blinkt/openvpn/api/ExternalCertificateProvider.aidl b/app/src/main/aidl/de/blinkt/openvpn/api/ExternalCertificateProvider.aidl
index c6db965b..1f77b15f 100644
--- a/app/src/main/aidl/de/blinkt/openvpn/api/ExternalCertificateProvider.aidl
+++ b/app/src/main/aidl/de/blinkt/openvpn/api/ExternalCertificateProvider.aidl
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 // ExternalCertificateProvider.aidl
 package de.blinkt.openvpn.api;
 
-
 /*
  * This is very simple interface that is specialised to have only the minimal set of crypto
  * operation that are needed for OpenVPN to authenticate with an external certificate
  */
 interface ExternalCertificateProvider {
     /**
+     * @deprecated use {@link #getSignedDataWithExtra} instead
      * Requests signing the data with RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING
      * for RSA certficate and with NONEwithECDSA for EC certificates
-     * @parm alias the parameter that
+     * @param alias user certificate identifier
      */
     byte[] getSignedData(in String alias, in byte[] data);
 
@@ -36,4 +36,33 @@ interface ExternalCertificateProvider {
      *
      */
     Bundle getCertificateMetaData(in String alias);
+
+    /**
+     * Requests signing the data with RSA/ECB/nopadding, RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING or PKCS1PSSPADDING
+     * for RSA certficate and with NONEwithECDSA for EC certificates
+     * @param alias user certificate identifier
+     * @param data the data to be signed
+     * @param extra additional information.
+     * Should contain the following keys:
+     * <ul>
+       * <li>int key "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.RSA_PADDING_TYPE", may be set as:
+       * <ul>
+         * <li>0 - for RSA/ECB/nopadding
+         * <li>1 - for RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING
+         * <li>2 - for PKCS1PSSPADDING
+       * </ul>
+       * <li>string key "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.SALTLEN", may be set as:
+       * <ul>
+         * <li>"digest" - use the same salt size as the hash to sign
+         * <li>"max" - use maximum possible saltlen which is '(nbits-1)/8 - hlen - 2'. Here
+           * 'nbits' is the number of bits in the key modulus and 'hlen' is the size in octets of
+           * the hash. See: RFC 8017 sec 8.1.1 and 9.1.1.
+       * </ul>
+       * <li>boolean key "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.NEEDS_DIGEST", indicating that the data should be
+         * hashed before signing or not
+       * <li>string key "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.DIGEST", the short common digest algorithm name to
+         * use (such as SHA256, SHA224, etc.)
+     * </ul>
+     */
+    byte[] getSignedDataWithExtra(in String alias, in byte[] data, in Bundle extra);
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/VpnProfile.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/VpnProfile.java
index 9baac195..780ac9d8 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/VpnProfile.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/VpnProfile.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
 import android.security.KeyChain;
 import android.security.KeyChainException;
@@ -37,7 +38,9 @@ import java.io.FileWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
 import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
 import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
 import java.security.PrivateKey;
 import java.security.Signature;
@@ -45,6 +48,9 @@ import java.security.SignatureException;
 import java.security.cert.Certificate;
 import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
+import java.security.spec.MGF1ParameterSpec;
+import java.security.spec.PSSParameterSpec;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -58,6 +64,7 @@ import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
 
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ExtAuthHelper;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.NativeUtils;
+import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNManagement;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNService;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OrbotHelper;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.PasswordCache;
@@ -69,6 +76,7 @@ import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.ConnectionAdapter;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.BuildConfig;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.R;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
 
 public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     // Note that this class cannot be moved to core where it belongs since
@@ -104,6 +112,10 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     private static final long serialVersionUID = 7085688938959334563L;
     private static final int AUTH_RETRY_NONE_KEEP = 1;
     private static final int AUTH_RETRY_INTERACT = 3;
+    private static final String EXTRA_RSA_PADDING_TYPE = "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.RSA_PADDING_TYPE";
+    private static final String EXTRA_SALTLEN = "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.SALTLEN";
+    private static final String EXTRA_NEEDS_DIGEST = "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.NEEDS_DIGEST";
+    private static final String EXTRA_DIGEST = "de.blinkt.openvpn.api.DIGEST";
     public static String DEFAULT_DNS1 = "8.8.8.8";
     public static String DEFAULT_DNS2 = "8.8.4.4";
     // variable named wrong and should haven beeen transient
@@ -431,8 +443,9 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
                 cfg.append(insertFileData("ca", mCaFilename));
 
                 // Client Cert + Key
-                cfg.append(insertFileData("key", mClientKeyFilename));
                 cfg.append(insertFileData("cert", mClientCertFilename));
+                mPrivateKey = ProviderObservable.getInstance().getCurrentProvider().getRSAPrivateKey();
+                cfg.append("management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n");
 
                 break;
             case VpnProfile.TYPE_USERPASS_PKCS12:
@@ -458,7 +471,7 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
                         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(ks[1]))
                             cfg.append("<extra-certs>\n").append(ks[1]).append("\n</extra-certs>\n");
                         cfg.append("<cert>\n").append(ks[2]).append("\n</cert>\n");
-                        cfg.append("management-external-key nopadding\n");
+                        cfg.append("management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n");
                     } else {
                         cfg.append(context.getString(R.string.keychain_access)).append("\n");
                     }
@@ -750,7 +763,7 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     public Intent prepareStartService(Context context) {
         Intent intent = getStartServiceIntent(context);
 
-        // TODO: Handle this?!
+        // This can remain outcommented for now, Bitmask uses VpnProfile.TYPE_CERTIFICATE
 //        if (mAuthenticationType == VpnProfile.TYPE_KEYSTORE || mAuthenticationType == VpnProfile.TYPE_USERPASS_KEYSTORE) {
 //            if (getKeyStoreCertificates(context) == null)
 //                return null;
@@ -832,6 +845,14 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
         return ExtAuthHelper.getCertificateChain(context, mExternalAuthenticator, mAlias);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * returns an array certificates, depending on the profile type either from the keychain or an external cert provider
+     * @param context
+     * @return pem encoded certificates, where:
+     *  [0] is the ca cert
+     *  [1] is an optional extra cert
+     *  [2] is the vpn certificate
+     */
     public String[] getExternalCertificates(Context context) {
         return getExternalCertificates(context, 5);
     }
@@ -966,8 +987,9 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
         if (mUseTLSAuth && TextUtils.isEmpty(mTLSAuthFilename))
             return R.string.missing_tlsauth;
 
-        if ((mAuthenticationType == TYPE_USERPASS_CERTIFICATES || mAuthenticationType == TYPE_CERTIFICATES)
-                && (TextUtils.isEmpty(mClientCertFilename) || TextUtils.isEmpty(mClientKeyFilename)))
+        if ((mAuthenticationType == TYPE_USERPASS_CERTIFICATES &&
+                (TextUtils.isEmpty(mClientCertFilename) || (TextUtils.isEmpty(mClientKeyFilename)))) ||
+                mAuthenticationType == TYPE_CERTIFICATES && TextUtils.isEmpty(mClientCertFilename))
             return R.string.missing_certificates;
 
         if ((mAuthenticationType == TYPE_CERTIFICATES || mAuthenticationType == TYPE_USERPASS_CERTIFICATES)
@@ -1148,13 +1170,14 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
     }
 
     @Nullable
-    public String getSignedData(Context c, String b64data, boolean pkcs1padding) {
+    public String getSignedData(Context c, String b64data, OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding padding, String saltlen, String hashalg, boolean needDigest) {
         byte[] data = Base64.decode(b64data, Base64.DEFAULT);
         byte[] signed_bytes;
-        if (mAuthenticationType == TYPE_EXTERNAL_APP)
-            signed_bytes = getExtAppSignedData(c, data);
-        else
-            signed_bytes = getKeyChainSignedData(data, pkcs1padding);
+        if (mAuthenticationType == TYPE_EXTERNAL_APP) {
+            signed_bytes = getExtAppSignedData(c, data, padding, saltlen, hashalg, needDigest);
+        } else {
+            signed_bytes = getKeyChainSignedData(data, padding, saltlen, hashalg, needDigest);
+        }
 
         if (signed_bytes != null)
             return Base64.encodeToString(signed_bytes, Base64.NO_WRAP);
@@ -1162,19 +1185,41 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
             return null;
     }
 
-    private byte[] getExtAppSignedData(Context c, byte[] data) {
+    private byte[] getExtAppSignedData(Context c, byte[] data, OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding padding, String saltlen, String hashalg, boolean needDigest)
+    {
+
+        Bundle extra = new Bundle();
+        RsaPaddingType paddingType;
+        switch (padding) {
+            case RSA_PKCS1_PADDING:
+                paddingType = RsaPaddingType.PKCS1_PADDING;
+                break;
+            case NO_PADDING:
+                paddingType = RsaPaddingType.NO_PADDING;
+                break;
+            case RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING:
+                paddingType = RsaPaddingType.RSAPSS_PADDING;
+                break;
+            default:
+                paddingType = RsaPaddingType.NO_PADDING;
+        }
+
+        extra.putInt(EXTRA_RSA_PADDING_TYPE, paddingType.ordinal());
+        extra.putString(EXTRA_SALTLEN, saltlen);
+        extra.putString(EXTRA_DIGEST, hashalg);
+        extra.putBoolean(EXTRA_NEEDS_DIGEST, needDigest);
+
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mExternalAuthenticator))
             return null;
         try {
-            return ExtAuthHelper.signData(c, mExternalAuthenticator, mAlias, data);
+            return ExtAuthHelper.signData(c, mExternalAuthenticator, mAlias, data, extra);
         } catch (KeyChainException | InterruptedException e) {
             VpnStatus.logError(R.string.error_extapp_sign, mExternalAuthenticator, e.getClass().toString(), e.getLocalizedMessage());
             return null;
         }
     }
 
-    private byte[] getKeyChainSignedData(byte[] data, boolean pkcs1padding) {
-
+    private byte[] getKeyChainSignedData(byte[] data, OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding padding, String saltlen, String hashalg, boolean needDigest) {
         PrivateKey privkey = getKeystoreKey();
 
         try {
@@ -1182,36 +1227,121 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
             String keyalgorithm = privkey.getAlgorithm();
 
             byte[] signed_bytes;
-            if (keyalgorithm.equals("EC")) {
-                Signature signer = Signature.getInstance("NONEwithECDSA");
-
-                signer.initSign(privkey);
-                signer.update(data);
-                signed_bytes = signer.sign();
-
+            if (needDigest || keyalgorithm.equals("EC")) {
+                return doDigestSign(privkey, data, padding, hashalg, saltlen);
             } else {
-            /* ECB is perfectly fine in this special case, since we are using it for
-               the public/private part in the TLS exchange
-             */
-                Cipher signer;
-                if (pkcs1padding)
-                    signer = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING");
-                else
-                    signer = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding");
-
+             /* ECB is perfectly fine in this special case, since we are using it for
+                the public/private part in the TLS exchange */
+                Cipher signer = null;
+                switch (padding) {
+                    case RSA_PKCS1_PADDING:
+                        signer = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/PKCS1PADDING");
+                        break;
+                    case NO_PADDING:
+                        signer = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding");
+                        break;
+                    case RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING:
+                        throw new NoSuchPaddingException("Cannot do PKCS1 PSS padding without also doing the digest");
+                }
 
                 signer.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privkey);
 
                 signed_bytes = signer.doFinal(data);
+
+                return signed_bytes;
             }
-            return signed_bytes;
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException | IllegalBlockSizeException
-                | BadPaddingException | NoSuchPaddingException | SignatureException e) {
+        } catch
+        (NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException | IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException | NoSuchPaddingException | SignatureException | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
+                        e) {
             VpnStatus.logError(R.string.error_rsa_sign, e.getClass().toString(), e.getLocalizedMessage());
             return null;
         }
     }
 
+    private byte[] addPSSPadding(PrivateKey privkey, String digest, byte[] data) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        /* For < API 23, add padding ourselves */
+        int hashtype = getHashtype(digest);
+
+        MessageDigest msgDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(digest);
+        byte[] hash = msgDigest.digest(data);
+
+        /*  MSBits = (BN_num_bits(rsa->n) - 1) & 0x7; */
+        int numbits = ((RSAPrivateKey) privkey).getModulus().bitLength();
+
+        int MSBits = (numbits - 1) & 0x7;
+
+        return NativeUtils.addRssPssPadding(hashtype, MSBits, numbits/8, hash);
+    }
+
+    private int getHashtype(String digest) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        int hashtype = 0;
+        switch (digest) {
+            case "SHA1":
+                hashtype = 1;
+                break;
+            case "SHA224":
+                hashtype = 2;
+                break;
+            case "SHA256":
+                hashtype = 3;
+                break;
+            case "SHA384":
+                hashtype = 4;
+                break;
+            case "SHA512":
+                hashtype = 5;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new NoSuchAlgorithmException("Unknown digest algorithm: " + digest);
+        }
+        return hashtype;
+    }
+
+    private byte[] doDigestSign(PrivateKey privkey, byte[] data, OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding padding, String hashalg, String saltlen) throws SignatureException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, InvalidKeyException {
+        /* RSA */
+        Signature sig = null;
+
+        if (privkey.getAlgorithm().equals("EC")) {
+            if (hashalg.equals(""))
+                hashalg = "NONE";
+            /* e.g. SHA512withECDSA */
+            hashalg = hashalg + "withECDSA";
+            sig = Signature.getInstance(hashalg.toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT));
+        } else if (padding == OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING) {
+            /* https://developer.android.com/training/articles/keystore#SupportedSignatures */
+            if (!"digest".equals(saltlen))
+                throw new SignatureException("PSS signing requires saltlen=digest");
+
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
+                data = addPSSPadding(privkey, hashalg, data);
+                return getKeyChainSignedData(data, OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding.NO_PADDING, "none", "none", false);
+            }
+
+            sig = Signature.getInstance(hashalg + "withRSA/PSS");
+
+            PSSParameterSpec pssspec = null;
+            switch (hashalg) {
+                case "SHA256":
+                    pssspec = new PSSParameterSpec("SHA-256", "MGF1", MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA256, 32, 1);
+                    break;
+                case "SHA512":
+                    pssspec = new PSSParameterSpec("SHA-512", "MGF1", MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA512, 64, 1);
+                    break;
+                case "SHA384":
+                    pssspec = new PSSParameterSpec("SHA-384", "MGF1", MGF1ParameterSpec.SHA384, 48, 1);
+                    break;
+            }
+            sig.setParameter(pssspec);
+        } else if (padding == OpenVPNManagement.SignaturePadding.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING) {
+            sig = Signature.getInstance(hashalg + "withRSA");
+        }
+
+        sig.initSign(privkey);
+        sig.update(data);
+        return sig.sign();
+    }
+
+
     private boolean usesExtraProxyOptions() {
         if (mUseCustomConfig && mCustomConfigOptions != null && mCustomConfigOptions.contains("http-proxy-option "))
             return true;
@@ -1222,6 +1352,16 @@ public class VpnProfile implements Serializable, Cloneable {
         return false;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The order of elements is important!
+     */
+    private enum RsaPaddingType {
+        NO_PADDING,
+        PKCS1_PADDING,
+        RSAPSS_PADDING
+    }
+
+
     class NoCertReturnedException extends Exception {
         public NoCertReturnedException(String msg) {
             super(msg);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ConfigParser.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ConfigParser.java
index e8d333e3..ff27a5a2 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ConfigParser.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ConfigParser.java
@@ -70,9 +70,7 @@ public class ConfigParser {
             "management",
             "management-client",
             "management-query-remote",
-            "management-query-passwords",
             "management-query-proxy",
-            "management-external-key",
             "management-forget-disconnect",
             "management-signal",
             "management-log-cache",
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ExtAuthHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ExtAuthHelper.java
index a62a4c62..d102dce2 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ExtAuthHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/ExtAuthHelper.java
@@ -108,15 +108,23 @@ public class ExtAuthHelper {
     public static byte[] signData(@NonNull Context context,
                                   @NonNull String extAuthPackageName,
                                   @NonNull String alias,
-                                  @NonNull byte[] data
+                                  @NonNull byte[] data,
+                                  @NonNull Bundle extra
     ) throws KeyChainException, InterruptedException
 
     {
 
 
-        try (ExternalAuthProviderConnection authProviderConnection = bindToExtAuthProvider(context.getApplicationContext(), extAuthPackageName)) {
+        try (ExternalAuthProviderConnection authProviderConnection =
+                     bindToExtAuthProvider(context.getApplicationContext(), extAuthPackageName)) {
             ExternalCertificateProvider externalAuthProvider = authProviderConnection.getService();
-            return externalAuthProvider.getSignedData(alias, data);
+
+            byte[] result = externalAuthProvider.getSignedDataWithExtra(alias, data, extra);
+            // When the desired method is not implemented, a default implementation is called, returning null
+            if (result == null)
+                result = externalAuthProvider.getSignedData(alias, data);
+
+            return result;
 
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw new KeyChainException(e);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/NativeUtils.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/NativeUtils.java
index f769b38e..818564c7 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/NativeUtils.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/NativeUtils.java
@@ -29,6 +29,21 @@ public class NativeUtils {
     private static native String getJNIAPI();
 
 
+    static boolean rsspssloaded = false;
+
+    public static byte[] addRssPssPadding(int hashtype, int MSBits, int rsa_size, byte[] from)
+    {
+        if (!rsspssloaded) {
+            rsspssloaded = true;
+            System.loadLibrary("rsapss");
+        }
+
+        return rsapss(hashtype, MSBits, rsa_size, from);
+    }
+
+    private static native byte[] rsapss(int hashtype, int MSBits, int rsa_size, byte[] from);
+
+
     public final static int[] openSSLlengths = {
         16, 64, 256, 1024, 8 * 1024, 16 * 1024
     };
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVPNManagement.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVPNManagement.java
index ef17e98b..02e4eca9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVPNManagement.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVPNManagement.java
@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@ public interface OpenVPNManagement {
         screenOff,
     }
 
+    enum SignaturePadding {
+        RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING,
+        RSA_PKCS1_PADDING,
+        NO_PADDING
+    }
+
     int mBytecountInterval = 2;
 
     void reconnect();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVpnManagementThread.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVpnManagementThread.java
index a02e7e27..88b933eb 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVpnManagementThread.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/OpenVpnManagementThread.java
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class OpenVpnManagementThread implements Runnable, OpenVPNManagement {
 
             // Closing one of the two sockets also closes the other
             //mServerSocketLocal.close();
-            managmentCommand("version 2\n");
+            managmentCommand("version 3\n");
 
             while (true) {
 
@@ -730,9 +730,33 @@ public class OpenVpnManagementThread implements Runnable, OpenVPNManagement {
         releaseHold();
     }
 
-    private void processSignCommand(String b64data) {
+    private void processSignCommand(String argument) {
 
-        String signed_string = mProfile.getSignedData(mOpenVPNService, b64data, false);
+        String[] arguments = argument.split(",");
+
+        // NC9t8IkYrjAQcCzc85zN0H5TvwfAUDwYkR4j2ga6fGw=,RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING,hashalg=SHA256,saltlen=digest
+
+
+        SignaturePadding padding = SignaturePadding.NO_PADDING;
+        String saltlen="";
+        String hashalg="";
+        boolean needsDigest = false;
+
+        for (int i=1;i < arguments.length;i++) {
+            String arg = arguments[i];
+            if(arg.equals("RSA_PKCS1_PADDING"))
+                padding = SignaturePadding.RSA_PKCS1_PADDING;
+            else if (arg.equals("RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING"))
+                padding = SignaturePadding.RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING;
+            else if (arg.startsWith("saltlen="))
+                saltlen= arg.substring(8);
+            else if (arg.startsWith("hashalg="))
+                hashalg = arg.substring(8);
+            else if (arg.equals("data=message"))
+                needsDigest = true;
+        }
+
+        String signed_string = mProfile.getSignedData(mOpenVPNService, arguments[0], padding, saltlen, hashalg, needsDigest);
 
         if (signed_string == null) {
             managmentCommand("pk-sig\n");
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VPNLaunchHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VPNLaunchHelper.java
index 80427a03..67636762 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VPNLaunchHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VPNLaunchHelper.java
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 
 package de.blinkt.openvpn.core;
 
-import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VpnStatus.java b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VpnStatus.java
index f28651f3..8115548f 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VpnStatus.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/de/blinkt/openvpn/core/VpnStatus.java
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 
 package de.blinkt.openvpn.core;
 
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
+
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
@@ -23,8 +25,6 @@ import de.blinkt.openvpn.VpnProfile;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.R;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
-
 public class VpnStatus {
 
 
@@ -485,10 +485,6 @@ public class VpnStatus {
                 mLogFileHandler.sendMessage(mLogFileHandler.obtainMessage(LogFileHandler.TRIM_LOG_FILE));
         }
 
-        //if (BuildConfig.DEBUG && !cachedLine && !BuildConfig.FLAVOR.equals("test"))
-        //    Log.d("OpenVPN", logItem.getString(null));
-
-
         for (LogListener ll : logListener) {
             ll.newLog(logItem);
         }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/BitmaskApp.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/BitmaskApp.java
index 0ccef0ae..74b789a9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/BitmaskApp.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/BitmaskApp.java
@@ -22,11 +22,9 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.appUpdate.DownloadBroadcastReceiver.ACTION_D
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.appUpdate.DownloadServiceCommand.CHECK_VERSION_FILE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.appUpdate.DownloadServiceCommand.DOWNLOAD_UPDATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.BROADCAST_DOWNLOAD_SERVICE_EVENT;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isCalyxOSWithTetheringSupport;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getSavedProviderFromSharedPreferences;
 
-import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.BuildConfig;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.appUpdate.DownloadBroadcastReceiver;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PRNGFixes;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipSetupObserver;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tethering.TetheringStateManager;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable;
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ public class BitmaskApp extends MultiDexApplication {
         // Normal app init code...*/
         PRNGFixes.apply();
         Security.insertProviderAt(Conscrypt.newProvider(), 1);
-        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
         providerObservable = ProviderObservable.getInstance();
         providerObservable.updateProvider(getSavedProviderFromSharedPreferences(preferences));
         torStatusObservable = TorStatusObservable.getInstance();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/MainActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/MainActivity.java
index 9225755e..248d96c7 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/MainActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/MainActivity.java
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_CONFIGURE_LEAP;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_LOG_IN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_SWITCH_PROVIDER;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.storeProviderInPreferences;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EIP.EIPErrors.ERROR_INVALID_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EIP.EIPErrors.ERROR_VPN_PREPARE;
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EipSetupListener,
         navigationDrawerFragment = (NavigationDrawerFragment)
                 getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.navigation_drawer);
 
-        preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
         provider = ProviderObservable.getInstance().getCurrentProvider();
 
         EipSetupObserver.addListener(this);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/OnBootReceiver.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/OnBootReceiver.java
index 3b534a7d..a508329c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/OnBootReceiver.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/OnBootReceiver.java
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.base;
 
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.APP_ACTION_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_PROFILE;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
+
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -8,12 +13,7 @@ import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
-
-import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.APP_ACTION_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_PROFILE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 
 public class OnBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public class OnBootReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
         if (intent == null || !ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED.equals(intent.getAction())) {
             return;
         }
-        preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(context);
         boolean providerConfigured = !preferences.getString(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE, "").isEmpty();
         boolean startOnBoot = preferences.getBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false) && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O;
         boolean isAlwaysOnConfigured = VpnStatus.isAlwaysOn();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/StartActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/StartActivity.java
index 58b057b7..94000a0f 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/StartActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/StartActivity.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PREFERENCES_APP_VERSIO
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_EIP_DEFINITION;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_CONFIGURE_LEAP;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.storeProviderInPreferences;
 
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ public class StartActivity extends Activity{
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
 
         Log.d(TAG, "Started");
 
@@ -103,10 +102,27 @@ public class StartActivity extends Activity{
         // initialize app necessities
         VpnStatus.initLogCache(getApplicationContext().getCacheDir());
 
+        sanitizeStartIntent();
         prepareEIP();
 
     }
 
+    private void sanitizeStartIntent() {
+        Intent intent = new Intent();
+        try {
+            if (getIntent().hasExtra(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT)) {
+                intent.putExtra(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, getIntent().getBooleanExtra(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false));
+            }
+            if (getIntent().hasExtra(APP_ACTION_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_PROFILE)) {
+                intent.putExtra(APP_ACTION_CONFIGURE_ALWAYS_ON_PROFILE, false);
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+
+        }
+        this.setIntent(intent);
+    }
+
+
     /**
      *  check if normal start, first run, up or downgrade
      *  @return @StartupMode
@@ -180,6 +196,11 @@ public class StartActivity extends Activity{
             }
         }
 
+        if (hasNewFeature(FeatureVersionCode.ENCRYPTED_SHARED_PREFS)) {
+            PreferenceHelper.migrateToEncryptedPrefs(this);
+            preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
+        }
+
         // always check if manual gateway selection feature switch has been disabled
         if (!BuildConfig.allow_manual_gateway_selection && PreferenceHelper.getPreferredCity(this) != null) {
             PreferenceHelper.setPreferredCity(this, null);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/EipFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/EipFragment.java
index a2fb2683..a8d11869 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/EipFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/EipFragment.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_CONFIGURE_LEAP;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_LOG_IN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_SWITCH_PROVIDER;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getPreferredCity;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipSetupObserver.reconnectingWithDifferentGateway;
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ public class EipFragment extends Fragment implements Observer {
         torStatusObservable = TorStatusObservable.getInstance();
         Activity activity = getActivity();
         if (activity != null) {
-            preferences = getActivity().getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
+            preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(activity);
         } else {
             Log.e(TAG, "activity is null in onCreate - no preferences set!");
         }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/GatewaySelectionFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/GatewaySelectionFragment.java
index 749ffd9f..793c6407 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/GatewaySelectionFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/GatewaySelectionFragment.java
@@ -16,6 +16,16 @@
  */
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.fragments;
 
+import static android.view.View.GONE;
+import static android.view.View.VISIBLE;
+import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OPENVPN;
+import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.PT;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.MainActivity.ACTION_SHOW_VPN_FRAGMENT;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_BRIDGES;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getUseBridges;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.useBridges;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ViewHelper.setActionBarSubtitle;
+
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -49,18 +59,6 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipCommand;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipStatus;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.GatewaysManager;
 
-import static android.content.Context.MODE_PRIVATE;
-import static android.view.View.GONE;
-import static android.view.View.VISIBLE;
-import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OPENVPN;
-import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.PT;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.MainActivity.ACTION_SHOW_VPN_FRAGMENT;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_BRIDGES;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getUseBridges;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.useBridges;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ViewHelper.setActionBarSubtitle;
-
 interface LocationListSelectionListener {
     void onLocationManuallySelected(Location location);
 }
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ public class GatewaySelectionFragment extends Fragment implements Observer, Loca
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         gatewaysManager = new GatewaysManager(getContext());
         eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
-        preferences = getContext().getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(getContext());
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/NavigationDrawerFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/NavigationDrawerFragment.java
index aa894cca..f51fd342 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/NavigationDrawerFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/NavigationDrawerFragment.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.ENABLE_DONATION;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PREFERRED_CITY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_SWITCH_PROVIDER;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getPreferredCity;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getSaveBattery;
@@ -63,6 +62,7 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.FragmentManagerEnhanced;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.MainActivity;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.views.IconSwitchEntry;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.views.IconTextEntry;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipStatus;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ public class NavigationDrawerFragment extends Fragment implements SharedPreferen
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
         // Reads in the flag indicating whether or not the user has demonstrated awareness of the
         // drawer. See PREF_USER_LEARNED_DRAWER for details.
-        preferences = getContext().getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(getContext());
         preferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/SettingsFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/SettingsFragment.java
index 40bc256c..f36b17ad 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/SettingsFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/fragments/SettingsFragment.java
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.fragments;
 
-import static android.content.Context.MODE_PRIVATE;
 import static android.view.View.GONE;
 import static android.view.View.VISIBLE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.advanced_settings;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.GATEWAY_PINNING;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PREFER_UDP;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_BRIDGES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_IPv6_FIREWALL;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_OBFUSCATION_PINNING;
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ public class SettingsFragment extends Fragment implements SharedPreferences.OnSh
     @Override
     public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        preferences = getContext().getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(getContext());
         preferences.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
         firewallManager = new FirewallManager(getContext().getApplicationContext(), false);
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Constants.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Constants.java
index 57467974..70bf3943 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Constants.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Constants.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ public interface Constants {
     /////////////////////////////////////////////
 
     String SHARED_PREFERENCES = "LEAPPreferences";
+    String SHARED_ENCRYPTED_PREFERENCES = "LEAPEncryptedPreferences";
     String PREFERENCES_APP_VERSION = "bitmask version";
     String ALWAYS_ON_SHOW_DIALOG = "DIALOG.ALWAYS_ON_SHOW_DIALOG";
     String CLEARLOG = "clearlogconnect";
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/FeatureVersionCode.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/FeatureVersionCode.java
index f7251acb..c2eb9694 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/FeatureVersionCode.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/FeatureVersionCode.java
@@ -5,4 +5,6 @@ public interface FeatureVersionCode {
     int GEOIP_SERVICE = 148;
     int CALYX_PROVIDER_LILYPAD_UPDATE = 165000;
     int RISEUP_PROVIDER_LILYPAD_UPDATE = 165000;
+
+    int ENCRYPTED_SHARED_PREFS = 170000;
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Provider.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Provider.java
index 08e13cf6..14c78cc3 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Provider.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/models/Provider.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_ALLOW_ANONYMO
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.TRANSPORT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.TYPE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.ObfsVpnHelper.useObfsVpn;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.parseRsaKeyFromString;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderAPI.ERRORS;
 
 import android.os.Parcel;
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ import org.json.JSONObject;
 
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -79,6 +81,8 @@ public final class Provider implements Parcelable {
     private String caCert = "";
     private String apiVersion = "";
     private String privateKey = "";
+
+    private transient RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = null;
     private String vpnCertificate = "";
     private long lastEipServiceUpdate = 0L;
     private long lastGeoIpUpdate = 0L;
@@ -701,6 +705,13 @@ public final class Provider implements Parcelable {
         return privateKey;
     }
 
+    public RSAPrivateKey getRSAPrivateKey() {
+        if (rsaPrivateKey == null) {
+            rsaPrivateKey = parseRsaKeyFromString(privateKey);
+        }
+        return rsaPrivateKey;
+    }
+
     public void setPrivateKey(String privateKey) {
         this.privateKey = privateKey;
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/ConfigHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/ConfigHelper.java
index 2412efdd..9289738a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/ConfigHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/ConfigHelper.java
@@ -131,35 +131,37 @@ public class ConfigHelper {
         return null;
     }
 
-    public static RSAPrivateKey parseRsaKeyFromString(String rsaKeyString) {
-        RSAPrivateKey key;
-        try {
-            KeyFactory kf;
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
-                kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA", "BC");
-            } else {
-                kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
+    public static class RSAHelper {
+        public static RSAPrivateKey parseRsaKeyFromString(String rsaKeyString) {
+            RSAPrivateKey key;
+            try {
+                KeyFactory kf;
+                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
+                    kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA", "BC");
+                } else {
+                    kf = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
+                }
+                rsaKeyString = rsaKeyString.replaceFirst("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").replaceFirst("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "");
+                PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decode(rsaKeyString));
+                key = (RSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
+            } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                return null;
+            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                return null;
+            } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                return null;
+            } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                return null;
             }
-            rsaKeyString = rsaKeyString.replaceFirst("-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "").replaceFirst("-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----", "");
-            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decode(rsaKeyString));
-            key = (RSAPrivateKey) kf.generatePrivate(keySpec);
-        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
-            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
-            e.printStackTrace();
-            return null;
-        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
-            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
-            e.printStackTrace();
-            return null;
-        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-            return null;
-        } catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-            return null;
-        }
 
-        return key;
+            return key;
+        }
     }
 
     private static String byteArrayToHex(byte[] input) {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/PreferenceHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/PreferenceHelper.java
index 9cba221a..12196aee 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/PreferenceHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/base/utils/PreferenceHelper.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_MOTD_LAST_UPD
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.RESTART_ON_UPDATE;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_ENCRYPTED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHOW_EXPERIMENTAL;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_BRIDGES;
@@ -37,16 +38,22 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.USE_SNOWFLAKE;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.WorkerThread;
+import androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences;
+import androidx.security.crypto.MasterKey;
 
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
 import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.VpnProfile;
@@ -60,6 +67,26 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable;
 
 public class PreferenceHelper {
 
+    private static final String TAG = PreferenceHelper.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    public static SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(Context context) {
+        try {
+            MasterKey masterKey = new MasterKey.Builder(context)
+                    .setKeyScheme(MasterKey.KeyScheme.AES256_GCM)
+                    .build();
+
+            return EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(
+                    context,
+                    SHARED_ENCRYPTED_PREFERENCES,
+                    masterKey,
+                    EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefKeyEncryptionScheme.AES256_SIV,
+                    EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefValueEncryptionScheme.AES256_GCM);
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+    }
+
     public static Provider getSavedProviderFromSharedPreferences(@NonNull SharedPreferences preferences) {
         Provider provider = new Provider();
         try {
@@ -97,7 +124,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
     }
 
     public static void persistProviderAsync(Context context, Provider provider) {
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         storeProviderInPreferences(preferences, provider, true);
     }
 
@@ -151,7 +178,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
      * Sets the profile that is connected (to connect if the service restarts)
      */
     public static void setLastUsedVpnProfile(Context context, VpnProfile connectedProfile) {
-        SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences prefs = getSharedPreferences(context);
         SharedPreferences.Editor prefsedit = prefs.edit();
         prefsedit.putString(LAST_USED_PROFILE, connectedProfile.toJson());
         prefsedit.apply();
@@ -161,7 +188,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
      * Returns the profile that was last connected (to connect if the service restarts)
      */
     public static VpnProfile getLastConnectedVpnProfile(Context context) {
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         String lastConnectedProfileJson = preferences.getString(LAST_USED_PROFILE, null);
         return VpnProfile.fromJson(lastConnectedProfileJson);
     }
@@ -204,6 +231,8 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
                 apply();
     }
 
+    // used in fatweb flavor
+     @SuppressWarnings("unused")
     public static void setLastAppUpdateCheck(Context context) {
         putLong(context, LAST_UPDATE_CHECK, System.currentTimeMillis());
     }
@@ -419,7 +448,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         return preferences.getStringSet(EXCLUDED_APPS, new HashSet<>());
     }
 
@@ -427,7 +456,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return defValue;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         return preferences.getLong(key, defValue);
     }
 
@@ -435,7 +464,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         preferences.edit().putLong(key, value).apply();
     }
 
@@ -443,7 +472,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return defValue;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         return preferences.getString(key, defValue);
     }
 
@@ -452,7 +481,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         preferences.edit().putString(key, value).commit();
     }
 
@@ -460,7 +489,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         preferences.edit().putString(key, value).apply();
     }
 
@@ -468,7 +497,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
         if (context == null) {
             return;
         }
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         preferences.edit().putStringSet(key, value).apply();
     }
 
@@ -477,7 +506,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
             return false;
         }
 
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         return preferences.getBoolean(key, defValue);
     }
 
@@ -486,7 +515,7 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
             return;
         }
 
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         preferences.edit().putBoolean(key, value).apply();
     }
 
@@ -495,7 +524,41 @@ public class PreferenceHelper {
             return false;
         }
 
-        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(context);
         return preferences.contains(key);
     }
+
+    public static void migrateToEncryptedPrefs(Context context) {
+        SharedPreferences encryptedPrefs = getSharedPreferences(context);
+        if (!(encryptedPrefs instanceof EncryptedSharedPreferences)) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to migrate shared preferences");
+            return;
+        }
+        SharedPreferences.Editor encryptedEditor = encryptedPrefs.edit();
+        SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        Map<String,?> keys = preferences.getAll();
+
+        for(Map.Entry<String,?> entry : keys.entrySet()){
+            try {
+                Object value = entry.getValue();
+                if (value instanceof String) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putString(entry.getKey(), (String) value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Boolean) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putBoolean(entry.getKey(), (Boolean) value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Integer) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putInt(entry.getKey(), (Integer) value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Set<?>) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putStringSet(entry.getKey(), (Set<String>) value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Long) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putLong(entry.getKey(), (Long) value);
+                } else if (value instanceof Float) {
+                    encryptedEditor.putFloat(entry.getKey(), (Float) value);
+                }
+            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        encryptedEditor.commit();
+        preferences.edit().clear().apply();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
index 5b082448..29714670 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_RECEIVER;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_PROFILE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.ensureNotOnMainThread;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getPreferredCity;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EIP.EIPErrors.ERROR_INVALID_PROFILE;
@@ -84,11 +83,9 @@ import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.IOpenVPNServiceInternal;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNService;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.Preferences;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
-import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.R;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.OnBootReceiver;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider;
-import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Pair;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.GatewaysManager.GatewayOptions;
@@ -147,7 +144,7 @@ public final class EIP extends JobIntentService implements Observer {
         super.onCreate();
         eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
         eipStatus.addObserver(this);
-        preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipSetupObserver.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipSetupObserver.java
index 85cdb06c..bb05810c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipSetupObserver.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipSetupObserver.java
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ import de.blinkt.openvpn.VpnProfile;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ConnectionStatus;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.LogItem;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.BuildConfig;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.appUpdate.DownloadServiceCommand;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
@@ -433,6 +434,9 @@ public class EipSetupObserver extends BroadcastReceiver implements VpnStatus.Sta
     @Override
     public void newLog(LogItem logItem) {
         if (logItem.getLogLevel() == VpnStatus.LogLevel.ERROR) {
+            if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
+                Log.e("ERROR", logItem.getString(appContext));
+            }
             switch (logItem.getErrorType()) {
                 case SHAPESHIFTER:
                     VpnProfile profile = VpnStatus.getLastConnectedVpnProfile();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
index d114665b..5e05b7c1 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OPENVPN
 import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.PT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.GATEWAYS;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.HOST;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SORTED_GATEWAYS;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getObfuscationPinningCert;
@@ -124,6 +123,7 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
 
     GatewaySelector gatewaySelector;
 
+
     public GatewaysManager(Context context) {
         this.context = context;
         configureFromCurrentProvider();
@@ -392,7 +392,6 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
          try {
              JSONObject eipDefinition = provider.getEipServiceJson();
              JSONObject secrets = secretsConfigurationFromCurrentProvider();
-
              JSONArray gatewaysDefined = new JSONArray();
              try {
                  gatewaysDefined = eipDefinition.getJSONArray(GATEWAYS);
@@ -488,10 +487,8 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
     private JSONObject secretsConfigurationFromCurrentProvider() {
         JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
         Provider provider = ProviderObservable.getInstance().getCurrentProvider();
-
         try {
             result.put(Provider.CA_CERT, provider.getCaCert());
-            result.put(PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY, provider.getPrivateKey());
             result.put(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE, provider.getVpnCertificate());
         } catch (JSONException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VoidVpnService.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VoidVpnService.java
index 79876d50..d9da622c 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VoidVpnService.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VoidVpnService.java
@@ -16,7 +16,12 @@
  */
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip;
 
-import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START_ALWAYS_ON_VPN;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START_BLOCKING_VPN;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_IS_ALWAYS_ON;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
+
 import android.app.Notification;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
@@ -35,13 +40,7 @@ import java.util.Observer;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ConnectionStatus;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.R;
-
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START_ALWAYS_ON_VPN;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START_BLOCKING_VPN;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.EIP_IS_ALWAYS_ON;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 
 
 public class VoidVpnService extends VpnService implements Observer, VpnNotificationManager.VpnServiceCallback {
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ public class VoidVpnService extends VpnService implements Observer, VpnNotificat
             thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                 public void run() {
                     establishBlockingVpn();
-                    SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+                    SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(VoidVpnService.this.getApplicationContext());
                     preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_IS_ALWAYS_ON, false).commit();
                     Log.d(TAG, "start blocking vpn profile - always on = false");
                 }
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ public class VoidVpnService extends VpnService implements Observer, VpnNotificat
             thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                 public void run() {
                     establishBlockingVpn();
-                    SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+                    SharedPreferences preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(VoidVpnService.this.getApplicationContext());
                     preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_IS_ALWAYS_ON, true).commit();
                     requestVpnWithLastSelectedProfile();
                     Log.d(TAG, "start blocking vpn profile - always on = true");
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGenerator.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGenerator.java
index 2c22d4f7..fa2ab352 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGenerator.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGenerator.java
@@ -490,13 +490,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGenerator {
                             + newLine
                             + "</ca>";
 
-            String key =
-                    "<key>"
-                            + newLine
-                            + secrets.getString(PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY)
-                            + newLine
-                            + "</key>";
-
             String openvpnCert =
                     "<cert>"
                             + newLine
@@ -504,7 +497,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGenerator {
                             + newLine
                             + "</cert>";
 
-            return ca + newLine + key + newLine + openvpnCert;
+            return ca + newLine + openvpnCert;
         } catch (JSONException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
             return "";
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderAPI.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderAPI.java
index 86ce577b..0e7e1f4a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderAPI.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderAPI.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ package se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
@@ -31,11 +30,9 @@ import androidx.localbroadcastmanager.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
 
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.connectivity.OkHttpClientGenerator;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorServiceCommand;
-import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorServiceConnection;
-
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 
 /**
  * Implements HTTP api methods (encapsulated in {{@link ProviderApiManager}})
@@ -180,9 +177,8 @@ public class ProviderAPI extends JobIntentService implements ProviderApiManagerB
 
 
     private ProviderApiManager initApiManager() {
-        SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
         OkHttpClientGenerator clientGenerator = new OkHttpClientGenerator(getResources());
-        return new ProviderApiManager(preferences, getResources(), clientGenerator, this);
+        return new ProviderApiManager(PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this), getResources(), clientGenerator, this);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManagerBase.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManagerBase.java
index 14308875..fdaef28b 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManagerBase.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManagerBase.java
@@ -43,13 +43,12 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider.CA_CERT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider.GEOIP_URL;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider.MOTD_URL;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider.PROVIDER_API_IP;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider.PROVIDER_IP;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.parseRsaKeyFromString;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getDomainFromMainURL;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getFingerprintFromCertificate;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.parseRsaKeyFromString;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.deleteProviderDetailsFromPreferences;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getFromPersistedProvider;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper.getLongFromPersistedProvider;
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/activities/ConfigWizardBaseActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/activities/ConfigWizardBaseActivity.java
index 5cfefb2e..caba1436 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/activities/ConfigWizardBaseActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/activities/ConfigWizardBaseActivity.java
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.activities;
 
+import static android.content.res.Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
+import static android.view.View.GONE;
+import static android.view.View.VISIBLE;
+import static androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getBootstrapProgress;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastLogs;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastSnowflakeLog;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastTorLog;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getStringForCurrentStatus;
+
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
-import android.graphics.PorterDuff;
 import android.graphics.Rect;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -20,7 +30,6 @@ import androidx.annotation.StringRes;
 import androidx.appcompat.widget.AppCompatTextView;
 import androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout;
 import androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline;
-import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
 import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
 
@@ -31,21 +40,10 @@ import java.util.Observer;
 import butterknife.BindView;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.R;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Provider;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.views.ProviderHeaderView;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable;
 
-import static android.content.res.Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
-import static android.view.View.GONE;
-import static android.view.View.VISIBLE;
-import static androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView.SCROLL_STATE_IDLE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getBootstrapProgress;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastLogs;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastSnowflakeLog;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getLastTorLog;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getStringForCurrentStatus;
-
 /**
  * Base Activity for configuration wizard activities
  *
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ public abstract class ConfigWizardBaseActivity extends ButterKnifeActivity imple
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
+        preferences = PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(this);
         provider = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(PROVIDER_KEY);
     }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/res/values/strings-icsopenvpn.xml b/app/src/main/res/values/strings-icsopenvpn.xml
index dee6a42f..eab5e0c9 100755
--- a/app/src/main/res/values/strings-icsopenvpn.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/res/values/strings-icsopenvpn.xml
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
     <string name="menu_use_inline_data">Use inline data</string>
     <string name="export_config_chooser_title">Export configuration file</string>
     <string name="missing_tlsauth">tls-auth file is missing</string>
-    <string name="missing_certificates">Missing user certificate or user certifcate key file</string>
+    <string name="missing_certificates">Missing user certificate or user certificate key file</string>
     <string name="missing_ca_certificate">Missing CA certificate</string>
     <string name="crl_title">Certifcate Revoke List (optional)</string>
     <string name="reread_log">Reread (%d) log items from log cache file</string>
diff --git a/app/src/main/res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml b/app/src/main/res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe61eb71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/res/xml/data_extraction_rules.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<data-extraction-rules>
+    <cloud-backup>
+        <exclude domain="root" />
+        <exclude domain="file" />
+        <exclude domain="database" />
+        <exclude domain="sharedpref" />
+        <exclude domain="external" />
+    </cloud-backup>
+    <device-transfer>
+        <exclude domain="root" />
+        <exclude domain="file" />
+        <exclude domain="database" />
+        <exclude domain="sharedpref" />
+        <exclude domain="external" />
+    </device-transfer>
+</data-extraction-rules>
diff --git a/app/src/production/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManager.java b/app/src/production/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManager.java
index 0fa89bf2..63823925 100644
--- a/app/src/production/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManager.java
+++ b/app/src/production/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/providersetup/ProviderApiManager.java
@@ -17,6 +17,26 @@
 
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup;
 
+import static android.text.TextUtils.isEmpty;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.BuildConfig.DEBUG_MODE;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.downloading_vpn_certificate_failed;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.error_io_exception_user_message;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.malformed_url;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.setup_error_text;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.setup_error_text_custom;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.warning_corrupted_provider_cert;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.warning_corrupted_provider_details;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderAPI.ERRORS;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderSetupFailedDialog.DOWNLOAD_ERRORS.ERROR_CERTIFICATE_PINNING;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderSetupFailedDialog.DOWNLOAD_ERRORS.ERROR_CORRUPTED_PROVIDER_JSON;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.TorStatus.OFF;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getProxyPort;
+
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.os.Bundle;
@@ -38,26 +58,6 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EIP;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.connectivity.OkHttpClientGenerator;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable;
 
-import static android.text.TextUtils.isEmpty;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.BuildConfig.DEBUG_MODE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.downloading_vpn_certificate_failed;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.error_io_exception_user_message;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.malformed_url;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.setup_error_text;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.setup_error_text_custom;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.warning_corrupted_provider_cert;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.warning_corrupted_provider_details;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderAPI.ERRORS;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderSetupFailedDialog.DOWNLOAD_ERRORS.ERROR_CERTIFICATE_PINNING;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.providersetup.ProviderSetupFailedDialog.DOWNLOAD_ERRORS.ERROR_CORRUPTED_PROVIDER_JSON;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.TorStatus.OFF;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.tor.TorStatusObservable.getProxyPort;
-
 /**
  * Implements the logic of the provider api http requests. The methods of this class need to be called from
  * a background thread.
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManagerTest.java b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManagerTest.java
index ee6ccce5..1f5aa74b 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManagerTest.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManagerTest.java
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ public class GatewaysManagerTest {
                 putString(CA_CERT, secrets.getString(CA_CERT)).
                 putString(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE, secrets.getString(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE))
                 .commit();
+        mockStatic(PreferenceHelper.class);
+        when(PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(any())).thenReturn(sharedPreferences);
     }
 
 
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/ProviderApiManagerTest.java b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/ProviderApiManagerTest.java
index 45a20b1c..feeaf796 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/ProviderApiManagerTest.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/ProviderApiManagerTest.java
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockConfigHelper;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockIntent;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockPreferenceHelper;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockProviderApiConnector;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockRSAHelper;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockResources;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockResultReceiver;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockTextUtils;
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.TestSetupHelper.getProvider;
  */
 
 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
-@PrepareForTest({ProviderApiManager.class, TextUtils.class, ConfigHelper.class, ProviderApiConnector.class, PreferenceHelper.class, TorStatusObservable.class, android.util.Base64.class})
+@PrepareForTest({ProviderApiManager.class, TextUtils.class, ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.class, ConfigHelper.class, ProviderApiConnector.class, PreferenceHelper.class, TorStatusObservable.class, android.util.Base64.class})
 public class ProviderApiManagerTest {
 
     private SharedPreferences mockPreferences;
@@ -805,6 +806,7 @@ public class ProviderApiManagerTest {
         Provider provider = getConfiguredProviderAPIv4();
 
         mockConfigHelper(" a5244308a1374709a9afce95e3ae47c1b44bc2398c0a70ccbf8b3a8a97f29494");
+        mockRSAHelper();
         mockBase64();
         mockProviderApiConnector(ERROR_DNS_RESUOLUTION_TOR_FALLBACK);
 
@@ -849,6 +851,7 @@ public class ProviderApiManagerTest {
 
         mockConfigHelper(" a5244308a1374709a9afce95e3ae47c1b44bc2398c0a70ccbf8b3a8a97f29494");
         mockBase64();
+        mockRSAHelper();
         mockProviderApiConnector(NO_ERROR_API_V4);
         mockPreferences.edit().putBoolean(USE_BRIDGES, true).putBoolean(USE_SNOWFLAKE, true).commit();
 
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGeneratorTest.java b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGeneratorTest.java
index 93231055..3f011a65 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGeneratorTest.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/VpnConfigGeneratorTest.java
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OBFS4;
 import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OBFS4_HOP;
 import static de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection.TransportType.OPENVPN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.Constants.OPENVPN_CONFIGURATION;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockRSAHelper;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper.mockTextUtils;
 
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ConfigParser;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Connection;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Obfs4Connection;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.connection.Obfs4HopConnection;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.models.ProviderObservable;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.ConfigHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.TestSetupHelper;
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ import se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.TestSetupHelper;
  * Created by cyberta on 03.10.17.
  */
 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
-@PrepareForTest({Log.class, TextUtils.class, PreferenceManager.class, ConfigHelper.ObfsVpnHelper.class})
+@PrepareForTest({Log.class, TextUtils.class, PreferenceManager.class, ProviderObservable.class, ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.class, ConfigHelper.ObfsVpnHelper.class})
 public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
 
     @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS)
@@ -111,32 +113,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -162,6 +138,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
             "data-ciphers AES-128-CBC\n" +
@@ -232,32 +209,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -283,6 +234,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
             "data-ciphers AES-128-CBC\n" +
@@ -352,32 +304,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -403,6 +329,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "route 37.218.247.60  255.255.255.255 net_gateway\n"+
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
@@ -473,32 +400,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -524,6 +425,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "route 37.218.247.60  255.255.255.255 net_gateway\n"+
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
@@ -595,32 +497,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -646,6 +522,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
             "data-ciphers AES-128-CBC\n" +
@@ -716,32 +593,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -767,6 +618,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
             "data-ciphers AES-128-CBC\n" +
@@ -837,32 +689,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -888,6 +714,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
             "data-ciphers AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:AES-128-CBC\n" +
@@ -960,32 +787,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1011,6 +812,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "comp-lzo\n" +
             "nobind\n"+
@@ -1087,32 +889,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1138,6 +914,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "comp-lzo\n" +
             "nobind\n"+
@@ -1222,32 +999,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1273,6 +1024,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "comp-lzo\n" +
             "nobind\n"+
@@ -1350,32 +1102,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1401,6 +1127,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "nobind\n"+
             "remote-cert-tls server\n" +
@@ -1475,32 +1202,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1526,6 +1227,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "route 192.81.208.164  255.255.255.255 net_gateway\n"+
             "tun-mtu 48000\n"+
@@ -1604,32 +1306,6 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "\n" +
             "</ca>\n" +
-            "<key>\n" +
-            "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "MIIEwAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKowggSmAgEAAoIBAQDUTYWeGgsHS+fjijmziniNqw6h\n" +
-            "MBpyK4S/cM6PxV28C33VuOWPTMcIYesctjZANWFCggfFTQSjV5Qaxq9UK4i27tayLbCdlVS6hpbl\n" +
-            "Vf4DuI3Gj1Pv1rtITBShtvCf3T7yBnjW4wVpOpsUAAOViKUSvUU3kPPMFWhiGQw8yHYr82ts6XMo\n" +
-            "jwMoonW5Ml4e7C7Cr22QesC63q7emNcpUd0pZGT9C33RgDAHZDMrlyjo4HEp1JbUfB0gbmXElJbE\n" +
-            "1TNdZ62HhgmMjzTUN1GGrQ1t91AEoEQwaK65o4YSj+yFv6KXZZz5OWaz94tKiN9v26EXtBFmRlyb\n" +
-            "6+D9ynSd9LghAgMBAAECggEBANPHLRXkhsHVj1EkzqBx7gXr8CEMmiTvknFh9zvltrZhhDoRQjWr\n" +
-            "chPDkcRHY2Cznvy4N0YyqQDD2ULIlZdSAgPxxothFoBruWSD47yMBmLx08ORsDpcqt/YvPAATJI8\n" +
-            "IpFNsXcyaXBp/M57oRemgnxp/8UJPJmFdWX99H4hvffh/jdj7POgYiWUaAl37XTYZKZ4nzKU2wpL\n" +
-            "EDLj9RKPz9gG7CYp2zrLC9LaAsrXVrKwPBw6g+XwbClaqFj97db3mrY4lr6mTo89qmus1AU+fBDH\n" +
-            "3Xlpmc8JwB+30TvhRNKrpLx9cEjuEj7K1gm8Y4dWCjPi+lNbtAyUBcgPJFa/81ECgYEA7pLoBU/Y\n" +
-            "ZYjyHFca8FvDBcBh6haHfqJr9doXWtgjDrbi3o2n5wHqfKhFWOH6vPEQozkOVeX1ze6HOiRmGBpW\n" +
-            "r+r7x8TD25L7I6HJw3M351RWOAfkF0w/RTVdetcTgduQtfN1u6BDhYSVceXMjyQYx7MhfETWI8Gh\n" +
-            "KSYm8OEDYiUCgYEA489fmbrCcUnXzpTsbswJ5NmSoEXbcX8cLxnQuzE0z9GHhQdrMjOpXR76reTW\n" +
-            "6jcuudarNcwRUYSWWhjCDKHhpx4HhasWPaHgr7jIzcRw8yZSJRSxKr8sl1qh6g7s47JcmfXOMWLt\n" +
-            "yuyE933XrT19Th4ODZHY40Uv35mPjMi9d00CgYEAyRNAQtndBRa7GG/B4Ls2T+6pl+aNJIo4e+no\n" +
-            "rURlp800wWabEPRocdBRQmyULBLxduBr2LIMzhgwGSz8b2wji/l9ZA3PFY135bxClVzSzUIjuO3N\n" +
-            "rGUzHl2wAAyuAFDSUshzfkPBJRNt8aVBF5PQ3t93ZYmPAmv8LPZe875yX5ECgYEAsUEcwK/ZNW7g\n" +
-            "dQPZR4iJNkC4Xu6cBZ6Cnn92swBheEYvLSoNlX0vDZ7aLE3/jzQqrjzC8NP8sbH5jtbuvgeDXZX3\n" +
-            "AmGRp5j6C6A61ihAPmEVz3ZfN8SSfJ3vl//PAIg6lyz0J+cy4Q7RkwSeuVQ72Hl4M8TEvmmKC3Af\n" +
-            "ispy6Y0CgYEAgl1o2lo+ACyk+oVQPaaPqK3d7WOBFp4eR2nXFor/vsx9igQOlZUgzRDQsR8jo1o9\n" +
-            "efOSBf87igrZGgssys89pWa2dnXnz5PMmzkKr6bw4D9Ez6u6Puc9UZhGw/8wDYg6fSosdB9utspm\n" +
-            "M698ycef7jBNMDgmhpSvfw5GctoNQ4s=\n" +
-            "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n" +
-            "</key>\n" +
             "<cert>\n" +
             "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "MIIEjDCCAnSgAwIBAgIQG6MBp/cd9DlY+7cdvp3R3jANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADBmMRAwDgYDVQQK\n" +
@@ -1655,6 +1331,7 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
             "K2ZoknT+Nno5jgjFuUR3fZseNizEfx7BteooKQ==\n" +
             "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
             "</cert>\n" +
+            "management-external-key nopadding pkcs1 pss digest\n" +
             "# crl-verify file missing in config profile\n" +
             "route 192.81.208.164  255.255.255.255 net_gateway\n"+
             "route 192.81.208.165  255.255.255.255 net_gateway\n"+
@@ -1691,6 +1368,8 @@ public class VpnConfigGeneratorTest {
         context = MockHelper.mockContext();
         mockTextUtils();
         mockStatic(PreferenceManager.class);
+        MockHelper.mockProviderObservable(TestSetupHelper.getConfiguredProvider());
+        MockHelper.mockRSAHelper();
         SharedPreferences preferences = mock(SharedPreferences.class, RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS);
         when(PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(any(Context.class))).thenReturn(preferences);
         when(preferences.getBoolean("usesystemproxy", true)).thenReturn(true);
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/testutils/MockHelper.java b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/testutils/MockHelper.java
index c272970d..4ef8b9cc 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/testutils/MockHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/testutils/MockHelper.java
@@ -422,17 +422,11 @@ public class MockHelper {
         mockStatic(android.util.Base64.class);
         when(android.util.Base64.encodeToString(any(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation -> Arrays.toString(Base64.getEncoder().encode((byte[]) invocation.getArguments()[0])));
     }
-    public static void mockConfigHelper(String mockedFingerprint) throws CertificateEncodingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
-        mockStatic(ConfigHelper.class);
-        when(ConfigHelper.getFingerprintFromCertificate(any(X509Certificate.class), anyString())).thenReturn(mockedFingerprint);
-        when(ConfigHelper.checkErroneousDownload(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.parseX509CertificatesFromString(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString(any(Resources.class), anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.timezoneDistance(anyInt(), anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.isIPv4(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask()).thenReturn(true);
-        when(ConfigHelper.getDomainFromMainURL(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
-        when(ConfigHelper.parseRsaKeyFromString(anyString())).thenReturn(new RSAPrivateKey() {
+
+    public static void mockRSAHelper() {
+        mockStatic(ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.class);
+
+        when(ConfigHelper.RSAHelper.parseRsaKeyFromString(anyString())).thenReturn(new RSAPrivateKey() {
             @Override
             public BigInteger getPrivateExponent() {
                 return BigInteger.TEN;
@@ -460,6 +454,18 @@ public class MockHelper {
         });
     }
 
+    public static void mockConfigHelper(String mockedFingerprint) throws CertificateEncodingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+        mockStatic(ConfigHelper.class);
+        when(ConfigHelper.getFingerprintFromCertificate(any(X509Certificate.class), anyString())).thenReturn(mockedFingerprint);
+        when(ConfigHelper.checkErroneousDownload(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(ConfigHelper.parseX509CertificatesFromString(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(ConfigHelper.getProviderFormattedString(any(Resources.class), anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(ConfigHelper.timezoneDistance(anyInt(), anyInt())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(ConfigHelper.isIPv4(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
+        when(ConfigHelper.isDefaultBitmask()).thenReturn(true);
+        when(ConfigHelper.getDomainFromMainURL(anyString())).thenCallRealMethod();
+    }
+
     public static void mockPreferenceHelper(final Provider providerFromPrefs) {
         // FIXME use MockSharedPreferences instead of provider
         mockStatic(PreferenceHelper.class);
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/tethering/TetheringStateManagerTest.java b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/tethering/TetheringStateManagerTest.java
index 509805d4..d972923c 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/tethering/TetheringStateManagerTest.java
+++ b/app/src/test/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/tethering/TetheringStateManagerTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,18 @@
  */
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.tethering;
 
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic;
+import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
+
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -37,19 +47,12 @@ import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
 
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.Cmd;
-
-import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.mockStatic;
-import static org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito.when;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.base.utils.PreferenceHelper;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.testutils.MockSharedPreferences;
 
 
 @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
-@PrepareForTest({WifiManagerWrapper.class, TetheringStateManager.class, Cmd.class, NetworkInterface.class})
+@PrepareForTest({WifiManagerWrapper.class, TetheringStateManager.class, Cmd.class, NetworkInterface.class, PreferenceHelper.class})
 public class TetheringStateManagerTest {
 
     @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS)
@@ -64,6 +67,10 @@ public class TetheringStateManagerTest {
     public void setup() throws Exception {
         PowerMockito.whenNew(IntentFilter.class).withArguments(anyString()).thenReturn(intentFilter);
         PowerMockito.whenNew(IntentFilter.class).withNoArguments().thenReturn(intentFilter);
+        mockStatic(PreferenceHelper.class);
+        SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = new MockSharedPreferences();
+        when(PreferenceHelper.getSharedPreferences(any())).thenReturn(sharedPreferences);
+
         observable = TetheringObservable.getInstance();
 
     }
diff --git a/app/src/test/resources/v4/riseup.net.cert b/app/src/test/resources/v4/riseup.net.cert
index e8c0d36f..f9b15e9f 100644
--- a/app/src/test/resources/v4/riseup.net.cert
+++ b/app/src/test/resources/v4/riseup.net.cert
@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 -----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAwF9+LpDoovTjKiTTfehwyzaDMtd0590AK/wiqvq5VD5ApLDR
-CFesLkHKP2KVNmDZkhqHcUNezPoGCoVuc1De09B/65t/VEkwt3SkHm7P+bMwXL9m
-x9XTzBTO0U/6PRyl374+QmDo2dapSL+KhncLxxrRbbj6U15b/Q3AbAXuNYyLgjSw
-qlWAfob8DWv/olN0xH0+J/m6WH/TfNR5qpTTez1a31mrWODXdlFZw0kBepZ+UY3r
-nCQvDM64QHmM9TtpOJCQU6uHoW5DvLkrP3D/gCfNb92oitR9QYzX6bq1YvlPdCNH
-p0hj3mc77p82VBnKhBEPE5EbbUvh0uoI/pfD/wIDAQABAoIBAFg68/qTh79FpfKs
-VTvIIgNyCxaEbx/w4qVJzPSybdHPg4KFfjnfTB8jGYmcw2bfYKp79GbkSVSlz6N/
-szq8epaXaDQ9a1bTAr8BhkxW8phJsQK43oEE91EAsiKaFeF1hDZsYM28+M8Afz/Y
-acZmT0aQbEFwt48JFhOn/PsOdUSlVy2u4OcrsgvPzaoj4CWw0xE3pcl1fp5wXEu4
-DZljG0J89grOkKQcceTlhXY0wV5PAVcNBp6mf+xQ4J2BU3knpva9oh64hMLJO2Nc
-Epik6CDxIrmQXcepTWhP7XI/7qkT8X+aDUTeGwz8ija1aDhPADvYaVvmZ4JJ8M/P
-/xaEpHECgYEA7xWEOAKebizKsPYHyL6r+FJ/M+HkPiIfjQh0tMl4pL+wsqtQtm0r
-0z8FcyyWG20WLzUYHqPpIXvD1SiMEi5azR9+SN1WDEldr6fE+Rm3OpmXn9hNPvMd
-U944X0liWxmcWnHoQ2Fi9otMUCbsDkIX1+nU9XNjIxdOnJwO++GyUn0CgYEAzfvo
-k1AA2fEau5mEHbvwuYckZDyNGG3qLJAIrm8DGndGvv8SakcEBNW3F0paDecR5jvm
-vLSHccTi6wLKDuGPRc07bOHhJVReVgGBhnDza/gDEs8ebaV8jngvVvdXeejcoxSQ
-Cqt9n8lJ6CiF1sDzYRN5s2uvAXFrGDI7joOG3SsCgYEAjcWGh+gVpmNtNg5Og119
-gFz7DPrwa1+0sd7HxcSKg7cfwnMQA30tNbDzPF6+DDldpFSpntG3lqFbePT4Sneu
-ZGA+dFq7gcGnilfD16rGGjuly6Vp+OAVDfyCFQ7hAgBn1MIi5oHDO0tSz1ylMbdD
-iEcifwITUWWqufdYc0hcg8kCgYBxcn+qutJtNoSRtEB2m+8+T3c0mcDgJpFmD8Io
-SE3+Qpk9UoDS9d/5xbc8ZZ/prk1Gb9FqN0et2lFcPEILJiHhwOIs2s9E3w3B8rxi
-zkzTN1qB/n70xsMuOHViQYH1S9JRI18d8UuUOKmy6rakC8s/uRk7P2C4u73PKsNw
-f3JE1wKBgByE4vJckmwTEbhlNVMI4qlX6vdtT9S6lzgkN9vm+XEPfyn2LARSECqt
-5seVEy8Rs7f/uCiAbY3yGcVwtou86Y3ODxxd0JkA3RUqO25Qep7DPvk4mTUjwDgT
-MHlq0f2Cm/KqwbWLcnwy6c6r5u48vB5cRH/sMG97IUd0vUx3X6xK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 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIEmzCCAoOgAwIBAgIQIKutrfucdU13oecG2QmRBTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADB1
+MIIEmzCCAoOgAwIBAgIQKB/oFW/IM1XFSMBk4QgsSTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADB1
 MRgwFgYDVQQKDA9SaXNldXAgTmV0d29ya3MxGzAZBgNVBAsMEmh0dHBzOi8vcmlz
 ZXVwLm5ldDE8MDoGA1UEAwwzUmlzZXVwIE5ldHdvcmtzIFJvb3QgQ0EgKGNsaWVu
-dCBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZXMgb25seSEpMB4XDTIzMDIyODAwMDAwMFoXDTIzMDUzMTAw
-MDAwMFowLTErMCkGA1UEAwwiVU5MSU1JVEVENG9oejc5a2dkcDZwYWtvMWZhOXN3
-dGtyOTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAMBffi6Q6KL04yok
-033ocMs2gzLXdOfdACv8Iqr6uVQ+QKSw0QhXrC5Byj9ilTZg2ZIah3FDXsz6BgqF
-bnNQ3tPQf+ubf1RJMLd0pB5uz/mzMFy/ZsfV08wUztFP+j0cpd++PkJg6NnWqUi/
-ioZ3C8ca0W24+lNeW/0NwGwF7jWMi4I0sKpVgH6G/A1r/6JTdMR9Pif5ulh/03zU
-eaqU03s9Wt9Zq1jg13ZRWcNJAXqWflGN65wkLwzOuEB5jPU7aTiQkFOrh6FuQ7y5
-Kz9w/4AnzW/dqIrUfUGM1+m6tWL5T3QjR6dIY95nO+6fNlQZyoQRDxORG21L4dLq
-CP6Xw/8CAwEAAaNvMG0wHQYDVR0OBBYEFBW4dMo4Un6EVU+I87yL7WSuy9IAMAsG
+dCBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZXMgb25seSEpMB4XDTIzMDYxOTAwMDAwMFoXDTIzMDkxOTAw
+MDAwMFowLTErMCkGA1UEAwwiVU5MSU1JVEVEMjV2bzYxZ3U5Mzc5NjhyeXJvdWts
+YnJnZTCCASIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEPADCCAQoCggEBAOKk+vW7IVImw70C
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\ No newline at end of file