Merge branch '#8876_eip_service' into 'master'

#8876 eip service

See merge request leap/bitmask_android!66

6 files changed, 497 insertions, 305 deletions

diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/ConfigHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/ConfigHelper.java
index aaff9ebc..bfc77261 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/ConfigHelper.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/ConfigHelper.java
@@ -18,22 +18,20 @@ package se.leap.bitmaskclient;
 
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
+import android.os.Looper;
 import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
 import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.util.Log;
 
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Base64;
 
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.net.MalformedURLException;
 import java.net.URL;
@@ -51,13 +49,10 @@ import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
 import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
 import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
 
-import static android.R.attr.name;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.ALWAYS_ON_SHOW_DIALOG;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.DEFAULT_SHARED_PREFS_BATTERY_SAVER;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.PREFERENCES_APP_VERSION;
@@ -442,4 +437,26 @@ public class ConfigHelper {
         SharedPreferences preferences = context.getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
         return preferences.getBoolean(ALWAYS_ON_SHOW_DIALOG, true);
     }
+
+    public static JSONObject getEipDefinitionFromPreferences(SharedPreferences preferences) {
+        JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
+        try {
+            String eipDefinitionString = preferences.getString(PROVIDER_EIP_DEFINITION, "");
+            if (!eipDefinitionString.isEmpty()) {
+                result = new JSONObject(eipDefinitionString);
+            }
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static void ensureNotOnMainThread(@NonNull Context context) throws IllegalStateException{
+        Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();
+        if (looper != null && looper == context.getMainLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "calling this from your main thread can lead to deadlock");
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/EipFragment.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/EipFragment.java
index 9fcdcac9..098418a9 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/EipFragment.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/EipFragment.java
@@ -280,24 +280,11 @@ public class EipFragment extends Fragment implements Observer {
 
     protected void stopEipIfPossible() {
         Context context = getContext();
-        if (context != null) {
-            if (isOpenVpnRunningWithoutNetwork()) {
-                // TODO move to EIP
-                // TODO see stopEIP function
-                Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
-                resultData.putString(EIP_REQUEST, EIP_ACTION_STOP);
-                Intent intentUpdate = new Intent(BROADCAST_EIP_EVENT);
-                intentUpdate.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
-                intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_CODE, Activity.RESULT_OK);
-                intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY, resultData);
-                Log.d(TAG, "sending broadcast");
-                LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(getActivity()).sendBroadcast(intentUpdate);
-            } else {
-                EipCommand.stopVPN(getContext());
-            }
-        } else {
+        if (context == null) {
             Log.e(TAG, "context is null when trying to stop EIP");
+            return;
         }
+        EipCommand.stopVPN(context);
     }
 
     private void askPendingStartCancellation() {
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/MainActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/MainActivity.java
index d9917799..33ecf85a 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/MainActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/MainActivity.java
@@ -18,15 +18,11 @@ package se.leap.bitmaskclient;
 
 
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.IntentFilter;
-import android.content.ServiceConnection;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.IBinder;
-import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.support.v4.app.DialogFragment;
 import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
 import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
@@ -39,17 +35,8 @@ import android.util.Log;
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
-import java.util.Observable;
-import java.util.Observer;
-
-import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.IOpenVPNServiceInternal;
-import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNService;
-import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ProfileManager;
-import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.drawer.NavigationDrawerFragment;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipCommand;
-import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.EipStatus;
-import se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip.VoidVpnService;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.fragments.LogFragment;
 
 import static android.content.Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT;
@@ -59,9 +46,7 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_CODE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_REQUEST;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.PROVIDER_KEY;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_CONFIGURE_LEAP;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.REQUEST_CODE_LOG_IN;
@@ -78,31 +63,15 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.downloading_vpn_certificate_failed;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.vpn_certificate_user_message;
 
 
-public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
+public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
     public final static String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
 
     private Provider provider = new Provider();
     private SharedPreferences preferences;
-    private EipStatus eipStatus;
     private NavigationDrawerFragment navigationDrawerFragment;
     private MainActivityBroadcastReceiver mainActivityBroadcastReceiver;
 
-    private IOpenVPNServiceInternal mService;
-    private ServiceConnection openVpnConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
-        @Override
-        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
-                                       IBinder service) {
-            mService = IOpenVPNServiceInternal.Stub.asInterface(service);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
-            mService = null;
-        }
-
-    };
-
     public final static String ACTION_SHOW_VPN_FRAGMENT = "action_show_vpn_fragment";
     public final static String ACTION_SHOW_LOG_FRAGMENT = "action_show_log_fragment";
 
@@ -130,14 +99,12 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
                 R.id.navigation_drawer,
                 (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout));
 
-        eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
         handleIntentAction(getIntent());
     }
 
     @Override
     protected void onResume() {
         super.onResume();
-        bindOpenVpnService();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -239,7 +206,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
     @Override
     protected void onPause() {
         super.onPause();
-        unbindService(openVpnConnection);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -249,14 +215,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
         super.onDestroy();
     }
 
-
-    @Override
-    public void update(Observable observable, Object data) {
-        if (observable instanceof EipStatus) {
-            eipStatus = (EipStatus) observable;
-        }
-    }
-
     private void setUpBroadcastReceiver() {
         IntentFilter updateIntentFilter = new IntentFilter(BROADCAST_EIP_EVENT);
         updateIntentFilter.addAction(BROADCAST_PROVIDER_API_EVENT);
@@ -317,7 +275,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
             case EIP_ACTION_STOP:
                 switch (resultCode) {
                     case RESULT_OK:
-                        stop();
                         break;
                     case RESULT_CANCELED:
                         break;
@@ -378,38 +335,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Observer {
     }
 
 
-    private void stop() {
-        preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false).apply();
-        if (eipStatus.isBlockingVpnEstablished()) {
-            stopBlockingVpn();
-        }
-        disconnect();
-    }
-
-    private void stopBlockingVpn() {
-        Log.d(TAG, "stop VoidVpn!");
-        Intent stopVoidVpnIntent = new Intent(this, VoidVpnService.class);
-        stopVoidVpnIntent.setAction(EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN);
-        startService(stopVoidVpnIntent);
-    }
-
-    private void disconnect() {
-        ProfileManager.setConntectedVpnProfileDisconnected(this);
-        if (mService != null) {
-            try {
-                mService.stopVPN(false);
-            } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                VpnStatus.logException(e);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void bindOpenVpnService() {
-        Intent intent = new Intent(this, OpenVPNService.class);
-        intent.setAction(OpenVPNService.START_SERVICE);
-        bindService(intent, openVpnConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
-    }
-
     private void askUserToLogIn(String userMessage) {
         Intent intent = new Intent(this, LoginActivity.class);
         intent.putExtra(PROVIDER_KEY, provider);
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
index 665e0ebd..92bd5929 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EIP.java
@@ -16,25 +16,46 @@
  */
 package se.leap.bitmaskclient.eip;
 
-import android.app.IntentService;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.app.Service;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.support.annotation.StringRes;
+import android.support.annotation.WorkerThread;
 import android.support.v4.content.LocalBroadcastManager;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import org.json.JSONException;
 import org.json.JSONObject;
 
+import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.Observable;
+import java.util.Observer;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.LaunchVPN;
+import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.IOpenVPNServiceInternal;
+import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNService;
+import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ProfileManager;
+import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.VpnStatus;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.OnBootReceiver;
 
 import static android.app.Activity.RESULT_CANCELED;
 import static android.app.Activity.RESULT_OK;
 import static android.content.Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.ConfigHelper.ensureNotOnMainThread;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.BROADCAST_EIP_EVENT;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_CODE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY;
@@ -43,11 +64,11 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_IS_RUNNING;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_START_ALWAYS_ON_VPN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP;
+import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_EARLY_ROUTES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_RECEIVER;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_REQUEST;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT;
-import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.PROVIDER_EIP_DEFINITION;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.SHARED_PREFERENCES;
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.MainActivityErrorDialog.DOWNLOAD_ERRORS.ERROR_INVALID_VPN_CERTIFICATE;
@@ -56,227 +77,443 @@ import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.R.string.vpn_certificate_is_invalid;
 /**
  * EIP is the abstract base class for interacting with and managing the Encrypted
  * Internet Proxy connection.  Connections are started, stopped, and queried through
- * this IntentService.
+ * this Service.
  * Contains logic for parsing eip-service.json from the provider, configuring and selecting
  * gateways, and controlling {@link de.blinkt.openvpn.core.OpenVPNService} connections.
  *
  * @author Sean Leonard <meanderingcode@aetherislands.net>
  * @author Parménides GV <parmegv@sdf.org>
  */
-public final class EIP extends IntentService {
+public final class EIP extends Service implements Observer {
 
     public final static String TAG = EIP.class.getSimpleName(),
             SERVICE_API_PATH = "config/eip-service.json",
             ERRORS = "errors",
             ERROR_ID = "errorID";
 
-    private WeakReference<ResultReceiver> mReceiverRef = new WeakReference<>(null);
-    private SharedPreferences preferences;
+    private volatile SharedPreferences preferences;
+    private AtomicInteger processCounter;
+    private volatile EipStatus eipStatus;
+    private final Object lock = new Object();
 
-    public EIP() {
-        super(TAG);
+    // Service connection to OpenVpnService, shared between threads
+    private volatile OpenvpnServiceConnection openvpnServiceConnection;
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
+        return null;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void onCreate() {
         super.onCreate();
+        eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
+        eipStatus.addObserver(this);
+        processCounter = new AtomicInteger(0);
         preferences = getSharedPreferences(SHARED_PREFERENCES, MODE_PRIVATE);
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
-        String action = intent.getAction();
-        if (intent.getParcelableExtra(EIP_RECEIVER) != null) {
-            mReceiverRef = new WeakReference<>((ResultReceiver) intent.getParcelableExtra(EIP_RECEIVER));
+    public void onDestroy() {
+        super.onDestroy();
+        eipStatus.deleteObserver(this);
+        if (openvpnServiceConnection != null) {
+            openvpnServiceConnection.close();
+            openvpnServiceConnection = null;
         }
+    }
 
-        if (action == null) {
-            return;
+    /**
+     * update eipStatus whenever it changes
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void update(Observable observable, Object data) {
+        if (observable instanceof EipStatus) {
+            eipStatus = (EipStatus) observable;
         }
+    }
 
-        switch (action) {
-            case EIP_ACTION_START:
-                boolean earlyRoutes = intent.getBooleanExtra(EIP_EARLY_ROUTES, true);
-                startEIP(earlyRoutes);
-                break;
-            case EIP_ACTION_START_ALWAYS_ON_VPN:
-                startEIPAlwaysOnVpn();
-                break;
-            case EIP_ACTION_STOP:
-                stopEIP();
-                break;
-            case EIP_ACTION_IS_RUNNING:
-                isRunning();
-                break;
-            case EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY:
-                checkVPNCertificateValidity();
-                break;
+    /**
+     * register new process with processCounter and start it
+     * @param intent the intent that started this EIP call
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int onStartCommand(final Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "new process counter: " + processCounter.incrementAndGet());
+        final String action = intent.getAction();
+        if (action != null) {
+            ResultReceiver resultReceiver = intent.getParcelableExtra(EIP_RECEIVER);
+            new EipThread(this, action, intent, resultReceiver).start();
+        } else {
+            processCounter.decrementAndGet();
         }
+        return START_STICKY;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Initiates an EIP connection by selecting a gateway and preparing and sending an
-     * Intent to {@link de.blinkt.openvpn.LaunchVPN}.
-     * It also sets up early routes.
+     * Thread to handle the requests to this service
      */
-    private void startEIP(boolean earlyRoutes) {
-        if (!EipStatus.getInstance().isBlockingVpnEstablished() && earlyRoutes)  {
-            earlyRoutes();
+    class EipThread extends Thread {
+        EipThread(EIP eipReference, String action, Intent startIntent, ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
+            super(new EipRunnable(eipReference, action, startIntent, resultReceiver));
         }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Runnable to be used in the EipThread class
+     */
+    class EipRunnable implements Runnable {
+        private String action;
+        private EIP eipReference;
+        private Intent intent;
 
-        Bundle result = new Bundle();
+        private WeakReference<ResultReceiver> mReceiverRef = new WeakReference<>(null);
 
-        if (!preferences.getBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false)){
-            preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, true).commit();
+
+        EipRunnable(EIP eipReference, String action, Intent startIntent, ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
+            super();
+            this.action = action;
+            this.eipReference = eipReference;
+            this.intent = startIntent;
+            this.mReceiverRef = new WeakReference<ResultReceiver>(resultReceiver);
         }
 
-        GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = gatewaysFromPreferences();
-        if (!isVPNCertificateValid()){
-            setErrorResult(result, vpn_certificate_is_invalid, ERROR_INVALID_VPN_CERTIFICATE.toString());
-            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_CANCELED, result);
-            return;
+        /**
+         * select correct function to call based upon transmitted action
+         * after completing check if no other thread is running
+         * if no other thread is running terminate the EIP service
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "new EIP thread started!");
+            switch (action) {
+                case EIP_ACTION_START:
+                    boolean earlyRoutes = intent.getBooleanExtra(EIP_EARLY_ROUTES, true);
+                    startEIP(earlyRoutes);
+                    break;
+                case EIP_ACTION_START_ALWAYS_ON_VPN:
+                    startEIPAlwaysOnVpn();
+                    break;
+                case EIP_ACTION_STOP:
+                    stopEIP();
+                    break;
+                case EIP_ACTION_IS_RUNNING:
+                    isRunning();
+                    break;
+                case EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY:
+                    checkVPNCertificateValidity();
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (processCounter.decrementAndGet() == 0) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "no more running EIP threads!");
+                eipReference.stopSelf();
+            }
         }
 
-        Gateway gateway = gatewaysManager.select();
-        if (gateway != null && gateway.getProfile() != null) {
-            launchActiveGateway(gateway);
-            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_OK);
-        } else
-            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_CANCELED);
-    }
+        /**
+         * Initiates an EIP connection by selecting a gateway and preparing and sending an
+         * Intent to {@link de.blinkt.openvpn.LaunchVPN}.
+         * It also sets up early routes.
+         */
+        @SuppressLint("ApplySharedPref")
+        private void startEIP(boolean earlyRoutes) {
+            if (!eipStatus.isBlockingVpnEstablished() && earlyRoutes) {
+                earlyRoutes();
+            }
 
-    /**
-     * Tries to start the last used vpn profile when the OS was rebooted and always-on-VPN is enabled.
-     * The {@link OnBootReceiver} will care if there is no profile.
-     */
-    private void startEIPAlwaysOnVpn() {
-        Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn vpn");
+            Bundle result = new Bundle();
+            if (!preferences.getBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false)) {
+                preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, true).commit();
+            }
 
-        GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = gatewaysFromPreferences();
-        Gateway gateway = gatewaysManager.select();
+            GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = gatewaysFromPreferences();
+            if (!isVPNCertificateValid()) {
+                setErrorResult(result, vpn_certificate_is_invalid, ERROR_INVALID_VPN_CERTIFICATE.toString());
+                tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_CANCELED, result);
+                return;
+            }
 
-        if (gateway != null && gateway.getProfile() != null) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn eip launch avtive gateway vpn");
-            launchActiveGateway(gateway);
-        } else {
-            Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn no active profile available!");
+            Gateway gateway = gatewaysManager.select();
+            if (gateway != null && gateway.getProfile() != null) {
+                launchActiveGateway(gateway);
+                tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_OK);
+            } else
+                tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_START, RESULT_CANCELED);
         }
-    }
 
-    /**
-     * Early routes are routes that block traffic until a new
-     * VpnService is started properly.
-     */
-    private void earlyRoutes() {
-        Intent voidVpnLauncher = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), VoidVpnLauncher.class);
-        voidVpnLauncher.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-        startActivity(voidVpnLauncher);
-    }
+        /**
+         * Tries to start the last used vpn profile when the OS was rebooted and always-on-VPN is enabled.
+         * The {@link OnBootReceiver} will care if there is no profile.
+         */
+        private void startEIPAlwaysOnVpn() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn vpn");
+
+            GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = gatewaysFromPreferences();
+            Gateway gateway = gatewaysManager.select();
+
+            if (gateway != null && gateway.getProfile() != null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn eip launch avtive gateway vpn");
+                launchActiveGateway(gateway);
+            } else {
+                Log.d(TAG, "startEIPAlwaysOnVpn no active profile available!");
+            }
+        }
 
-    private void launchActiveGateway(Gateway gateway) {
-        Intent intent = new Intent(this, LaunchVPN.class);
-        intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
-        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-        intent.putExtra(LaunchVPN.EXTRA_HIDELOG, true);
-        intent.putExtra(LaunchVPN.EXTRA_TEMP_VPN_PROFILE, gateway.getProfile());
-        startActivity(intent);
-    }
+        /**
+         * Early routes are routes that block traffic until a new
+         * VpnService is started properly.
+         */
+        private void earlyRoutes() {
+            Intent voidVpnLauncher = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), VoidVpnLauncher.class);
+            voidVpnLauncher.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+            startActivity(voidVpnLauncher);
+        }
 
-    private void stopEIP() {
-        // TODO stop eip from here if possible...
-        // TODO then refactor EipFragment.handleSwitchOff
-        EipStatus eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
-        int resultCode = RESULT_CANCELED;
-        if (eipStatus.isConnected() || eipStatus.isConnecting())
-            resultCode = RESULT_OK;
+        /**
+         * starts the VPN and connects to the given gateway
+         *
+         * @param gateway to connect to
+         */
+        private void launchActiveGateway(Gateway gateway) {
+            Intent intent = new Intent(eipReference, LaunchVPN.class);
+            intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
+            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+            intent.putExtra(LaunchVPN.EXTRA_HIDELOG, true);
+            intent.putExtra(LaunchVPN.EXTRA_TEMP_VPN_PROFILE, gateway.getProfile());
+            startActivity(intent);
+        }
 
-        tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_STOP, resultCode);
-    }
+        /**
+         * Stop VPN
+         * First checks if the OpenVpnConnection is open then
+         * terminates EIP if currently connected or connecting
+         */
+        private void stopEIP() {
+            int resultCode = stop() ? RESULT_OK : RESULT_CANCELED;
+            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_STOP, resultCode);
+        }
 
-    /**
-     * Checks the last stored status notified by ics-openvpn
-     * Sends <code>Activity.RESULT_CANCELED</code> to the ResultReceiver that made the
-     * request if it's not connected, <code>Activity.RESULT_OK</code> otherwise.
-     */
-    private void isRunning() {
-        EipStatus eipStatus = EipStatus.getInstance();
-        int resultCode = (eipStatus.isConnected()) ?
-                RESULT_OK :
-                RESULT_CANCELED;
-        tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_IS_RUNNING, resultCode);
-    }
+        /**
+         * Checks the last stored status notified by ics-openvpn
+         * Sends <code>Activity.RESULT_CANCELED</code> to the ResultReceiver that made the
+         * request if it's not connected, <code>Activity.RESULT_OK</code> otherwise.
+         */
+        private void isRunning() {
+            int resultCode = (eipStatus.isConnected()) ?
+                    RESULT_OK :
+                    RESULT_CANCELED;
+            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_IS_RUNNING, resultCode);
+        }
 
-    private JSONObject eipDefinitionFromPreferences() {
-        JSONObject result = new JSONObject();
-        try {
-            String eipDefinitionString = preferences.getString(PROVIDER_EIP_DEFINITION, "");
-            if (!eipDefinitionString.isEmpty()) {
-                result = new JSONObject(eipDefinitionString);
+        /**
+         * read eipServiceJson from preferences and parse Gateways
+         *
+         * @return GatewaysManager
+         */
+        private GatewaysManager gatewaysFromPreferences() {
+            GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = new GatewaysManager(eipReference, preferences);
+            gatewaysManager.configureFromPreferences();
+            return gatewaysManager;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * read VPN certificate from preferences and check it
+         * broadcast result
+         */
+        private void checkVPNCertificateValidity() {
+            int resultCode = isVPNCertificateValid() ?
+                    RESULT_OK :
+                    RESULT_CANCELED;
+            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY, resultCode);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * read VPN certificate from preferences and check it
+         *
+         * @return true if VPN certificate is valid false otherwise
+         */
+        private boolean isVPNCertificateValid() {
+            VpnCertificateValidator validator = new VpnCertificateValidator(preferences.getString(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE, ""));
+            return validator.isValid();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * send resultCode and resultData to receiver or
+         * broadcast the result if no receiver is defined
+         *
+         * @param action     the action that has been performed
+         * @param resultCode RESULT_OK if action was successful RESULT_CANCELED otherwise
+         * @param resultData other data to broadcast or return to receiver
+         */
+        private void tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(String action, int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+            resultData.putString(EIP_REQUEST, action);
+            if (mReceiverRef.get() != null) {
+                mReceiverRef.get().send(resultCode, resultData);
+            } else {
+                broadcastEvent(resultCode, resultData);
             }
-        } catch (JSONException e) {
-            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
-            e.printStackTrace();
         }
-        return result;
-    }
 
-    private GatewaysManager gatewaysFromPreferences() {
-        GatewaysManager gatewaysManager = new GatewaysManager(this, preferences);
-        //TODO: THIS IS A QUICK FIX - it deletes all profiles in ProfileManager, thus it's possible
-        // to add all gateways from prefs without duplicates, but this should be refactored.
-        gatewaysManager.clearGatewaysAndProfiles();
-        gatewaysManager.fromEipServiceJson(eipDefinitionFromPreferences());
-        return gatewaysManager;
-    }
+        /**
+         * send resultCode and resultData to receiver or
+         * broadcast the result if no receiver is defined
+         *
+         * @param action     the action that has been performed
+         * @param resultCode RESULT_OK if action was successful RESULT_CANCELED otherwise
+         */
+        private void tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(String action, int resultCode) {
+            tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(action, resultCode, new Bundle());
+        }
 
-    private void checkVPNCertificateValidity() {
-        int resultCode = isVPNCertificateValid() ?
-                RESULT_OK :
-                RESULT_CANCELED;
-        tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY, resultCode);
-    }
+        /**
+         * broadcast result
+         *
+         * @param resultCode RESULT_OK if action was successful RESULT_CANCELED otherwise
+         * @param resultData other data to broadcast or return to receiver
+         */
+        private void broadcastEvent(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
+            Intent intentUpdate = new Intent(BROADCAST_EIP_EVENT);
+            intentUpdate.addCategory(CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
+            intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_CODE, resultCode);
+            intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY, resultData);
+            Log.d(TAG, "sending broadcast");
+            LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(eipReference).sendBroadcast(intentUpdate);
+        }
 
-    private boolean isVPNCertificateValid() {
-        VpnCertificateValidator validator = new VpnCertificateValidator(preferences.getString(PROVIDER_VPN_CERTIFICATE, ""));
-        return validator.isValid();
-    }
 
-    private void tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(String action, int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-        resultData.putString(EIP_REQUEST, action);
-        if (mReceiverRef.get() != null) {
-            mReceiverRef.get().send(resultCode, resultData);
-        } else {
-            broadcastEvent(resultCode, resultData);
+        /**
+         * helper function to add error to result bundle
+         *
+         * @param result         - result of an action
+         * @param errorMessageId - id of string resource describing the error
+         * @param errorId        - MainActivityErrorDialog DownloadError id
+         */
+        void setErrorResult(Bundle result, @StringRes int errorMessageId, String errorId) {
+            JSONObject errorJson = new JSONObject();
+            try {
+                errorJson.put(ERRORS, getResources().getString(errorMessageId));
+                errorJson.put(ERROR_ID, errorId);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            result.putString(ERRORS, errorJson.toString());
+            result.putBoolean(BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY, false);
         }
-    }
 
-    private void tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(String action, int resultCode) {
-        tellToReceiverOrBroadcast(action, resultCode, new Bundle());
-    }
 
-    private void broadcastEvent(int resultCode , Bundle resultData) {
-        Intent intentUpdate = new Intent(BROADCAST_EIP_EVENT);
-        intentUpdate.addCategory(CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
-        intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_CODE, resultCode);
-        intentUpdate.putExtra(BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY, resultData);
-        Log.d(TAG, "sending broadcast");
-        LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this).sendBroadcast(intentUpdate);
-    }
+        /**
+         * disable Bitmask starting on after phone reboot
+         * then stop VPN
+         */
+        private boolean stop() {
+            preferences.edit().putBoolean(EIP_RESTART_ON_BOOT, false).apply();
+            if (eipStatus.isBlockingVpnEstablished()) {
+                stopBlockingVpn();
+            }
+            return disconnect();
+        }
 
-    Bundle setErrorResult(Bundle result, int errorMessageId, String errorId) {
-        JSONObject errorJson = new JSONObject();
-        addErrorMessageToJson(errorJson, getResources().getString(errorMessageId), errorId);
-        result.putString(ERRORS, errorJson.toString());
-        result.putBoolean(BROADCAST_RESULT_KEY, false);
-        return result;
+        /**
+         * stop void vpn from blocking internet
+         */
+        private void stopBlockingVpn() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "stop VoidVpn!");
+            Intent stopVoidVpnIntent = new Intent(eipReference, VoidVpnService.class);
+            stopVoidVpnIntent.setAction(EIP_ACTION_STOP_BLOCKING_VPN);
+            startService(stopVoidVpnIntent);
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * creates a OpenVpnServiceConnection if necessary
+         * then terminates OpenVPN
+         */
+        private boolean disconnect() {
+            try {
+                initOpenVpnServiceConnection();
+            } catch (InterruptedException | IllegalStateException e) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            ProfileManager.setConntectedVpnProfileDisconnected(eipReference);
+            try {
+                return openvpnServiceConnection.getService().stopVPN(false);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                VpnStatus.logException(e);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Assigns a new OpenvpnServiceConnection to EIP's member variable openvpnServiceConnection.
+         * Only one thread at a time can create the service connection, that will be shared between threads
+         *
+         * @throws InterruptedException  thrown if thread gets interrupted
+         * @throws IllegalStateException thrown if this method was not called from a background thread
+         */
+        private void initOpenVpnServiceConnection() throws InterruptedException, IllegalStateException {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                if (openvpnServiceConnection == null) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "serviceConnection is still null");
+                    openvpnServiceConnection = new OpenvpnServiceConnection(eipReference);
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    private void addErrorMessageToJson(JSONObject jsonObject, String errorMessage, String errorId) {
-        try {
-            jsonObject.put(ERRORS, errorMessage);
-            jsonObject.put(ERROR_ID, errorId);
-        } catch (JSONException e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+    /**
+     * Creates a service connection to OpenVpnService.
+     * The constructor blocks until the service is bound to the given Context.
+     * Pattern stolen from android.security.KeyChain.java
+     */
+    @WorkerThread
+    public static class OpenvpnServiceConnection implements Closeable {
+        private final Context context;
+        private ServiceConnection serviceConnection;
+        private IOpenVPNServiceInternal service;
+
+        protected OpenvpnServiceConnection(Context context) throws InterruptedException, IllegalStateException {
+            this.context = context;
+            ensureNotOnMainThread(context);
+            Log.d(TAG, "initSynchronizedServiceConnection!");
+            initSynchronizedServiceConnection(context);
+        }
+
+        private void initSynchronizedServiceConnection(final Context context) throws InterruptedException {
+            final BlockingQueue<IOpenVPNServiceInternal> blockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(1);
+            this.serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
+                volatile boolean mConnectedAtLeastOnce = false;
+                @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
+                    if (!mConnectedAtLeastOnce) {
+                        mConnectedAtLeastOnce = true;
+                        try {
+                            Log.d(TAG, "serviceConnection connected! ProcessCounter: " + ((EIP) context).processCounter.get());
+                            blockingQueue.put(IOpenVPNServiceInternal.Stub.asInterface(service));
+                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                            e.printStackTrace();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "serviceConnection disconnected! ProcessCounter: " + ((EIP) context).processCounter.get());
+                }
+            };
+
+            Intent intent = new Intent(context, OpenVPNService.class);
+            intent.setAction(OpenVPNService.START_SERVICE);
+            context.bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
+            service = blockingQueue.take();
+        }
+
+        @Override public void close() {
+            context.unbindService(serviceConnection);
+        }
+
+        public IOpenVPNServiceInternal getService() {
+            return service;
         }
     }
+
 }
+
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipCommand.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipCommand.java
index d2c8b4fc..5a6a98d8 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipCommand.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/EipCommand.java
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.support.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
 import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ public class EipCommand {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_START, null, baseIntent);
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
     public static void startVPN(@NonNull Context context, ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_START, resultReceiver, null);
     }
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ public class EipCommand {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_STOP);
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
     public static void stopVPN(@NonNull Context context, ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_STOP, resultReceiver, null);
     }
@@ -66,6 +69,7 @@ public class EipCommand {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY);
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
     public static void checkVpnCertificate(@NonNull Context context, ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
         execute(context, EIP_ACTION_CHECK_CERT_VALIDITY, resultReceiver, null);
     }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
index 1bdb53ab..a04ede08 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/se/leap/bitmaskclient/eip/GatewaysManager.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 
 import com.google.gson.Gson;
-import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
 import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
 
 import org.json.JSONArray;
@@ -36,6 +35,7 @@ import java.util.List;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.VpnProfile;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.Connection;
 import de.blinkt.openvpn.core.ProfileManager;
+import se.leap.bitmaskclient.ConfigHelper;
 import se.leap.bitmaskclient.Provider;
 
 import static se.leap.bitmaskclient.Constants.PROVIDER_PRIVATE_KEY;
@@ -49,52 +49,49 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
     private Context context;
     private SharedPreferences preferences;
     private List<Gateway> gateways = new ArrayList<>();
-    private ProfileManager profile_manager;
-    private Type list_type = new TypeToken<ArrayList<Gateway>>() {
-    }.getType();
+    private ProfileManager profileManager;
+    private Type listType = new TypeToken<ArrayList<Gateway>>() {}.getType();
 
-    public GatewaysManager() {
-    }
-
-    public GatewaysManager(Context context, SharedPreferences preferences) {
+    GatewaysManager(Context context, SharedPreferences preferences) {
         this.context = context;
         this.preferences = preferences;
-        profile_manager = ProfileManager.getInstance(context);
+        profileManager = ProfileManager.getInstance(context);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * select closest Gateway
+      * @return the closest Gateway
+     */
     public Gateway select() {
-        GatewaySelector gateway_selector = new GatewaySelector(gateways);
-        return gateway_selector.select();
+        GatewaySelector gatewaySelector = new GatewaySelector(gateways);
+        return gatewaySelector.select();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * check if there are no gateways defined
+     * @return true if no gateways defined else false
+     */
     public boolean isEmpty() {
         return gateways.isEmpty();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @return number of gateways defined in the GatewaysManager
+     */
     public int size() {
         return gateways.size();
     }
 
-    public void addFromString(String gateways) {
-        List<Gateway> gateways_list = new ArrayList<>();
-        try {
-            gateways_list = new Gson().fromJson(gateways, list_type);
-        } catch (JsonSyntaxException e) {
-            gateways_list.add(new Gson().fromJson(gateways, Gateway.class));
-        }
-
-        if (gateways_list != null) {
-            for (Gateway gateway : gateways_list)
-                addGateway(gateway);
-        }
-    }
-
     @Override
     public String toString() {
-        return new Gson().toJson(gateways, list_type);
+        return new Gson().toJson(gateways, listType);
     }
 
-    public void fromEipServiceJson(JSONObject eipDefinition) {
+    /**
+     * parse gateways from eipDefinition
+     * @param eipDefinition eipServiceJson
+     */
+    void fromEipServiceJson(JSONObject eipDefinition) {
         try {
             JSONArray gatewaysDefined = eipDefinition.getJSONArray("gateways");
             for (int i = 0; i < gatewaysDefined.length(); i++) {
@@ -113,6 +110,11 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * check if a gateway is an OpenVpn gateway
+     * @param gateway to check
+     * @return true if gateway is an OpenVpn gateway otherwise false
+     */
     private boolean isOpenVpnGateway(JSONObject gateway) {
         try {
             String transport = gateway.getJSONObject("capabilities").getJSONArray("transport").toString();
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
     private boolean containsProfileWithSecrets(VpnProfile profile) {
         boolean result = false;
 
-        Collection<VpnProfile> profiles = profile_manager.getProfiles();
+        Collection<VpnProfile> profiles = profileManager.getProfiles();
         for (VpnProfile aux : profiles) {
             result = result || sameConnections(profile.mConnections, aux.mConnections)
                     && profile.mClientCertFilename.equalsIgnoreCase(aux.mClientCertFilename)
@@ -146,11 +148,11 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
         return result;
     }
 
-    protected void clearGatewaysAndProfiles() {
+    void clearGatewaysAndProfiles() {
         gateways.clear();
-        ArrayList<VpnProfile> profiles = new ArrayList<>(profile_manager.getProfiles());
+        ArrayList<VpnProfile> profiles = new ArrayList<>(profileManager.getProfiles());
         for (VpnProfile profile : profiles) {
-            profile_manager.removeProfile(context, profile);
+            profileManager.removeProfile(context, profile);
         }
     }
 
@@ -159,42 +161,62 @@ public class GatewaysManager {
         gateways.add(gateway);
 
         VpnProfile profile = gateway.getProfile();
-        profile_manager.addProfile(profile);
+        profileManager.addProfile(profile);
     }
 
     private void removeDuplicatedGateway(Gateway gateway) {
         Iterator<Gateway> it = gateways.iterator();
-        List<Gateway> gateways_to_remove = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Gateway> gatewaysToRemove = new ArrayList<>();
         while (it.hasNext()) {
             Gateway aux = it.next();
             if (sameConnections(aux.getProfile().mConnections, gateway.getProfile().mConnections)) {
-                gateways_to_remove.add(aux);
+                gatewaysToRemove.add(aux);
             }
         }
-        gateways.removeAll(gateways_to_remove);
+        gateways.removeAll(gatewaysToRemove);
         removeDuplicatedProfiles(gateway.getProfile());
     }
 
     private void removeDuplicatedProfiles(VpnProfile original) {
-        Collection<VpnProfile> profiles = profile_manager.getProfiles();
-        List<VpnProfile> remove_list = new ArrayList<>();
+        Collection<VpnProfile> profiles = profileManager.getProfiles();
+        List<VpnProfile> removeList = new ArrayList<>();
         for (VpnProfile aux : profiles) {
-            if (sameConnections(original.mConnections, aux.mConnections))
-                remove_list.add(aux);
+            if (sameConnections(original.mConnections, aux.mConnections)) {
+                removeList.add(aux);
+            }
+        }
+        for (VpnProfile profile : removeList) {
+            profileManager.removeProfile(context, profile);
         }
-        for (VpnProfile profile : remove_list)
-            profile_manager.removeProfile(context, profile);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * check if all connections in c1 are also in c2
+     * @param c1 array of connections
+     * @param c2 array of connections
+     * @return true if all connections of c1 exist in c2 and vice versa
+     */
     private boolean sameConnections(Connection[] c1, Connection[] c2) {
-        int same_connections = 0;
+        int sameConnections = 0;
         for (Connection c1_aux : c1) {
             for (Connection c2_aux : c2)
                 if (c2_aux.mServerName.equals(c1_aux.mServerName)) {
-                    same_connections++;
+                    sameConnections++;
                     break;
                 }
         }
-        return c1.length == c2.length && c1.length == same_connections;
+        return c1.length == c2.length && c1.length == sameConnections;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read EipServiceJson from preferences and set gateways
+     */
+    void configureFromPreferences() {
+        //TODO: THIS IS A QUICK FIX - it deletes all profiles in ProfileManager, thus it's possible
+        // to add all gateways from prefs without duplicates, but this should be refactored.
+        clearGatewaysAndProfiles();
+        fromEipServiceJson(
+                ConfigHelper.getEipDefinitionFromPreferences(preferences)
+        );
     }
 }