Move the key manager from leap_client repo to its own repo.

8 files changed, 2422 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/__init__.py b/keymanager/src/leap/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f48ad105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# See http://peak.telecommunity.com/DevCenter/setuptools#namespace-packages
+try:
+    __import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)
+except ImportError:
+    from pkgutil import extend_path
+    __path__ = extend_path(__path__, __name__)
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/__init__.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1f318ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# __init__.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+Key Manager is a Nicknym agent for LEAP client.
+"""
+
+import requests
+
+from leap.common.check import leap_assert
+from leap.keymanager.errors import (
+    KeyNotFound,
+    NoPasswordGiven,
+)
+from leap.keymanager.keys import (
+    build_key_from_dict,
+    KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG,
+    TAGS_PRIVATE_INDEX,
+)
+from leap.keymanager.openpgp import (
+    OpenPGPKey,
+    OpenPGPScheme,
+)
+
+
+#
+# The Key Manager
+#
+
+class KeyManager(object):
+
+    #
+    # server's key storage constants
+    #
+
+    OPENPGP_KEY = 'openpgp'
+    PUBKEY_KEY = "user[public_key]"
+
+    def __init__(self, address, nickserver_uri, soledad, session_id=None,
+                 ca_cert_path=None, api_uri=None, api_version=None, uid=None):
+        """
+        Initialize a Key Manager for user's C{address} with provider's
+        nickserver reachable in C{url}.
+
+        :param address: The address of the user of this Key Manager.
+        :type address: str
+        :param url: The URL of the nickserver.
+        :type url: str
+        :param soledad: A Soledad instance for local storage of keys.
+        :type soledad: leap.soledad.Soledad
+        :param session_id: The session ID for interacting with the webapp API.
+        :type session_id: str
+        :param ca_cert_path: The path to the CA certificate.
+        :type ca_cert_path: str
+        :param api_uri: The URI of the webapp API.
+        :type api_uri: str
+        :param api_version: The version of the webapp API.
+        :type api_version: str
+        :param uid: The users' UID.
+        :type uid: str
+        """
+        self._address = address
+        self._nickserver_uri = nickserver_uri
+        self._soledad = soledad
+        self._session_id = session_id
+        self.ca_cert_path = ca_cert_path
+        self.api_uri = api_uri
+        self.api_version = api_version
+        self.uid = uid
+        # a dict to map key types to their handlers
+        self._wrapper_map = {
+            OpenPGPKey: OpenPGPScheme(soledad),
+            # other types of key will be added to this mapper.
+        }
+        # the following are used to perform https requests
+        self._fetcher = requests
+        self._session = self._fetcher.session()
+
+    #
+    # utilities
+    #
+
+    def _key_class_from_type(self, ktype):
+        """
+        Return key class from string representation of key type.
+        """
+        return filter(
+            lambda klass: str(klass) == ktype,
+            self._wrapper_map).pop()
+
+    def _get(self, uri, data=None):
+        """
+        Send a GET request to C{uri} containing C{data}.
+
+        :param uri: The URI of the request.
+        :type uri: str
+        :param data: The body of the request.
+        :type data: dict, str or file
+
+        :return: The response to the request.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        leap_assert(
+            self._ca_cert_path is not None,
+            'We need the CA certificate path!')
+        res = self._fetcher.get(uri, data=data, verify=self._ca_cert_path)
+        # assert that the response is valid
+        res.raise_for_status()
+        leap_assert(
+            res.headers['content-type'].startswith('application/json'),
+            'Content-type is not JSON.')
+        return res
+
+    def _put(self, uri, data=None):
+        """
+        Send a PUT request to C{uri} containing C{data}.
+
+        The request will be sent using the configured CA certificate path to
+        verify the server certificate and the configured session id for
+        authentication.
+
+        :param uri: The URI of the request.
+        :type uri: str
+        :param data: The body of the request.
+        :type data: dict, str or file
+
+        :return: The response to the request.
+        :rtype: requests.Response
+        """
+        leap_assert(
+            self._ca_cert_path is not None,
+            'We need the CA certificate path!')
+        leap_assert(
+            self._session_id is not None,
+            'We need a session_id to interact with webapp!')
+        res = self._fetcher.put(
+            uri, data=data, verify=self._ca_cert_path,
+            cookies={'_session_id': self._session_id})
+        # assert that the response is valid
+        res.raise_for_status()
+        return res
+
+    def _fetch_keys_from_server(self, address):
+        """
+        Fetch keys bound to C{address} from nickserver and insert them in
+        local database.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the keys.
+        :type address: str
+
+        @raise KeyNotFound: If the key was not found on nickserver.
+        """
+        # request keys from the nickserver
+        server_keys = self._get(
+            self._nickserver_uri, {'address': address}).json()
+        # insert keys in local database
+        if self.OPENPGP_KEY in server_keys:
+            self._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(
+                server_keys['openpgp'])
+
+    #
+    # key management
+    #
+
+    def send_key(self, ktype):
+        """
+        Send user's key of type C{ktype} to provider.
+
+        Public key bound to user's is sent to provider, which will sign it and
+        replace any prior keys for the same address in its database.
+
+        If C{send_private} is True, then the private key is encrypted with
+        C{password} and sent to server in the same request, together with a
+        hash string of user's address and password. The encrypted private key
+        will be saved in the server in a way it is publicly retrievable
+        through the hash string.
+
+        :param ktype: The type of the key.
+        :type ktype: KeyType
+
+        @raise KeyNotFound: If the key was not found in local database.
+        """
+        leap_assert(
+            ktype is OpenPGPKey,
+            'For now we only know how to send OpenPGP public keys.')
+        # prepare the public key bound to address
+        pubkey = self.get_key(
+            self._address, ktype, private=False, fetch_remote=False)
+        data = {
+            self.PUBKEY_KEY: pubkey.key_data
+        }
+        uri = "%s/%s/users/%s.json" % (
+            self._api_uri,
+            self._api_version,
+            self._uid)
+        self._put(uri, data)
+
+    def get_key(self, address, ktype, private=False, fetch_remote=True):
+        """
+        Return a key of type C{ktype} bound to C{address}.
+
+        First, search for the key in local storage. If it is not available,
+        then try to fetch from nickserver.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+        :param ktype: The type of the key.
+        :type ktype: KeyType
+        :param private: Look for a private key instead of a public one?
+        :type private: bool
+
+        :return: A key of type C{ktype} bound to C{address}.
+        :rtype: EncryptionKey
+        @raise KeyNotFound: If the key was not found both locally and in
+            keyserver.
+        """
+        leap_assert(
+            ktype in self._wrapper_map,
+            'Unkown key type: %s.' % str(ktype))
+        try:
+            # return key if it exists in local database
+            return self._wrapper_map[ktype].get_key(address, private=private)
+        except KeyNotFound:
+            # we will only try to fetch a key from nickserver if fetch_remote
+            # is True and the key is not private.
+            if fetch_remote is False or private is True:
+                raise
+            self._fetch_keys_from_server(address)
+            return self._wrapper_map[ktype].get_key(address, private=False)
+
+    def get_all_keys_in_local_db(self, private=False):
+        """
+        Return all keys stored in local database.
+
+        :return: A list with all keys in local db.
+        :rtype: list
+        """
+        return map(
+            lambda doc: build_key_from_dict(
+                self._key_class_from_type(doc.content['type']),
+                doc.content['address'],
+                doc.content),
+            self._soledad.get_from_index(
+                TAGS_PRIVATE_INDEX,
+                KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG,
+                '1' if private else '0'))
+
+    def refresh_keys(self):
+        """
+        Fetch keys from nickserver and update them locally.
+        """
+        addresses = set(map(
+            lambda doc: doc.address,
+            self.get_all_keys_in_local_db(private=False)))
+        for address in addresses:
+            # do not attempt to refresh our own key
+            if address == self._address:
+                continue
+            self._fetch_keys_from_server(address)
+
+    def gen_key(self, ktype):
+        """
+        Generate a key of type C{ktype} bound to the user's address.
+
+        :param ktype: The type of the key.
+        :type ktype: KeyType
+
+        :return: The generated key.
+        :rtype: EncryptionKey
+        """
+        return self._wrapper_map[ktype].gen_key(self._address)
+
+    #
+    # Setters/getters
+    #
+
+    def _get_session_id(self):
+        return self._session_id
+
+    def _set_session_id(self, session_id):
+        self._session_id = session_id
+
+    session_id = property(
+        _get_session_id, _set_session_id, doc='The session id.')
+
+    def _get_ca_cert_path(self):
+        return self._ca_cert_path
+
+    def _set_ca_cert_path(self, ca_cert_path):
+        self._ca_cert_path = ca_cert_path
+
+    ca_cert_path = property(
+        _get_ca_cert_path, _set_ca_cert_path,
+        doc='The path to the CA certificate.')
+
+    def _get_api_uri(self):
+        return self._api_uri
+
+    def _set_api_uri(self, api_uri):
+        self._api_uri = api_uri
+
+    api_uri = property(
+        _get_api_uri, _set_api_uri, doc='The webapp API URI.')
+
+    def _get_api_version(self):
+        return self._api_version
+
+    def _set_api_version(self, api_version):
+        self._api_version = api_version
+
+    api_version = property(
+        _get_api_version, _set_api_version, doc='The webapp API version.')
+
+    def _get_uid(self):
+        return self._uid
+
+    def _set_uid(self, uid):
+        self._uid = uid
+
+    uid = property(
+        _get_uid, _set_uid, doc='The uid of the user.')
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/errors.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89949d29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# errors.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+Errors and exceptions used by the Key Manager.
+"""
+
+
+class KeyNotFound(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when key was no found on keyserver.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class KeyAlreadyExists(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when attempted to create a key that already exists.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class KeyAttributesDiffer(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to delete a key but the stored key differs from the key
+    passed to the delete_key() method.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class NoPasswordGiven(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when trying to perform some action that needs a password without
+    providing one.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidSignature(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when signature could not be verified.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class EncryptionFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised upon failures of encryption.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class DecryptionFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised upon failures of decryption.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class EncryptionDecryptionFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised upon failures of encryption/decryption.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class SignFailed(Exception):
+    """
+    Raised when failed to sign.
+    """
+    pass
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/gpg.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/gpg.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15c1d9f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/gpg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# gpgwrapper.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+A GPG wrapper used to handle OpenPGP keys.
+
+This is a temporary class that will be superseded by the a revised version of
+python-gnupg.
+"""
+
+
+import os
+import gnupg
+import re
+from gnupg import (
+    logger,
+    _is_sequence,
+    _make_binary_stream,
+)
+
+
+class ListPackets():
+    """
+    Handle status messages for --list-packets.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, gpg):
+        """
+        Initialize the packet listing handling class.
+
+        :param gpg: GPG object instance.
+        :type gpg: gnupg.GPG
+        """
+        self.gpg = gpg
+        self.nodata = None
+        self.key = None
+        self.need_passphrase = None
+        self.need_passphrase_sym = None
+        self.userid_hint = None
+
+    def handle_status(self, key, value):
+        """
+        Handle one line of the --list-packets status message.
+
+        :param key: The status message key.
+        :type key: str
+        :param value: The status message value.
+        :type value: str
+        """
+        # TODO: write tests for handle_status
+        if key == 'NODATA':
+            self.nodata = True
+        if key == 'ENC_TO':
+            # This will only capture keys in our keyring. In the future we
+            # may want to include multiple unknown keys in this list.
+            self.key, _, _ = value.split()
+        if key == 'NEED_PASSPHRASE':
+            self.need_passphrase = True
+        if key == 'NEED_PASSPHRASE_SYM':
+            self.need_passphrase_sym = True
+        if key == 'USERID_HINT':
+            self.userid_hint = value.strip().split()
+
+
+class GPGWrapper(gnupg.GPG):
+    """
+    This is a temporary class for handling GPG requests, and should be
+    replaced by a more general class used throughout the project.
+    """
+
+    GNUPG_HOME = os.environ['HOME'] + "/.config/leap/gnupg"
+    GNUPG_BINARY = "/usr/bin/gpg"  # this has to be changed based on OS
+
+    def __init__(self, gpgbinary=GNUPG_BINARY, gnupghome=GNUPG_HOME,
+                 verbose=False, use_agent=False, keyring=None, options=None):
+        """
+        Initialize a GnuPG process wrapper.
+
+        :param gpgbinary: Name for GnuPG binary executable.
+        :type gpgbinary: C{str}
+        :param gpghome: Full pathname to directory containing the public and
+            private keyrings.
+        :type gpghome: C{str}
+        :param keyring: Name of alternative keyring file to use. If specified,
+            the default keyring is not used.
+        :param verbose: Should some verbose info be output?
+        :type verbose: bool
+        :param use_agent: Should pass `--use-agent` to GPG binary?
+        :type use_agent: bool
+        :param keyring: Path for the keyring to use.
+        :type keyring: str
+        @options: A list of additional options to pass to the GPG binary.
+        :type options: list
+
+        @raise: RuntimeError with explanation message if there is a problem
+            invoking gpg.
+        """
+        gnupg.GPG.__init__(self, gnupghome=gnupghome, gpgbinary=gpgbinary,
+                           verbose=verbose, use_agent=use_agent,
+                           keyring=keyring, options=options)
+        self.result_map['list-packets'] = ListPackets
+
+    def find_key_by_email(self, email, secret=False):
+        """
+        Find user's key based on their email.
+
+        :param email: Email address of key being searched for.
+        :type email: str
+        :param secret: Should we search for a secret key?
+        :type secret: bool
+
+        :return: The fingerprint of the found key.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        for key in self.list_keys(secret=secret):
+            for uid in key['uids']:
+                if re.search(email, uid):
+                    return key
+        raise LookupError("GnuPG public key for email %s not found!" % email)
+
+    def find_key_by_subkey(self, subkey, secret=False):
+        """
+        Find user's key based on a subkey fingerprint.
+
+        :param email: Subkey fingerprint of the key being searched for.
+        :type email: str
+        :param secret: Should we search for a secret key?
+        :type secret: bool
+
+        :return: The fingerprint of the found key.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        for key in self.list_keys(secret=secret):
+            for sub in key['subkeys']:
+                if sub[0] == subkey:
+                    return key
+        raise LookupError(
+            "GnuPG public key for subkey %s not found!" % subkey)
+
+    def find_key_by_keyid(self, keyid, secret=False):
+        """
+        Find user's key based on the key ID.
+
+        :param email: The key ID of the key being searched for.
+        :type email: str
+        :param secret: Should we search for a secret key?
+        :type secret: bool
+
+        :return: The fingerprint of the found key.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        for key in self.list_keys(secret=secret):
+            if keyid == key['keyid']:
+                return key
+        raise LookupError(
+            "GnuPG public key for keyid %s not found!" % keyid)
+
+    def find_key_by_fingerprint(self, fingerprint, secret=False):
+        """
+        Find user's key based on the key fingerprint.
+
+        :param email: The fingerprint of the key being searched for.
+        :type email: str
+        :param secret: Should we search for a secret key?
+        :type secret: bool
+
+        :return: The fingerprint of the found key.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        for key in self.list_keys(secret=secret):
+            if fingerprint == key['fingerprint']:
+                return key
+        raise LookupError(
+            "GnuPG public key for fingerprint %s not found!" % fingerprint)
+
+    def encrypt(self, data, recipient, sign=None, always_trust=True,
+                passphrase=None, symmetric=False):
+        """
+        Encrypt data using GPG.
+
+        :param data: The data to be encrypted.
+        :type data: str
+        :param recipient: The address of the public key to be used.
+        :type recipient: str
+        :param sign: Should the encrypted content be signed?
+        :type sign: bool
+        :param always_trust: Skip key validation and assume that used keys
+            are always fully trusted?
+        :type always_trust: bool
+        :param passphrase: The passphrase to be used if symmetric encryption
+            is desired.
+        :type passphrase: str
+        :param symmetric: Should we encrypt to a password?
+        :type symmetric: bool
+
+        :return: An object with encrypted result in the `data` field.
+        :rtype: gnupg.Crypt
+        """
+        # TODO: devise a way so we don't need to "always trust".
+        return gnupg.GPG.encrypt(self, data, recipient, sign=sign,
+                                 always_trust=always_trust,
+                                 passphrase=passphrase,
+                                 symmetric=symmetric,
+                                 cipher_algo='AES256')
+
+    def decrypt(self, data, always_trust=True, passphrase=None):
+        """
+        Decrypt data using GPG.
+
+        :param data: The data to be decrypted.
+        :type data: str
+        :param always_trust: Skip key validation and assume that used keys
+            are always fully trusted?
+        :type always_trust: bool
+        :param passphrase: The passphrase to be used if symmetric encryption
+            is desired.
+        :type passphrase: str
+
+        :return: An object with decrypted result in the `data` field.
+        :rtype: gnupg.Crypt
+        """
+        # TODO: devise a way so we don't need to "always trust".
+        return gnupg.GPG.decrypt(self, data, always_trust=always_trust,
+                                 passphrase=passphrase)
+
+    def send_keys(self, keyserver, *keyids):
+        """
+        Send keys to a keyserver
+
+        :param keyserver: The keyserver to send the keys to.
+        :type keyserver: str
+        :param keyids: The key ids to send.
+        :type keyids: list
+
+        :return: A list of keys sent to server.
+        :rtype: gnupg.ListKeys
+        """
+        # TODO: write tests for this.
+        # TODO: write a SendKeys class to handle status for this.
+        result = self.result_map['list'](self)
+        gnupg.logger.debug('send_keys: %r', keyids)
+        data = gnupg._make_binary_stream("", self.encoding)
+        args = ['--keyserver', keyserver, '--send-keys']
+        args.extend(keyids)
+        self._handle_io(args, data, result, binary=True)
+        gnupg.logger.debug('send_keys result: %r', result.__dict__)
+        data.close()
+        return result
+
+    def encrypt_file(self, file, recipients, sign=None,
+                     always_trust=False, passphrase=None,
+                     armor=True, output=None, symmetric=False,
+                     cipher_algo=None):
+        """
+        Encrypt the message read from the file-like object 'file'.
+
+        :param file: The file to be encrypted.
+        :type data: file
+        :param recipient: The address of the public key to be used.
+        :type recipient: str
+        :param sign: Should the encrypted content be signed?
+        :type sign: bool
+        :param always_trust: Skip key validation and assume that used keys
+            are always fully trusted?
+        :type always_trust: bool
+        :param passphrase: The passphrase to be used if symmetric encryption
+            is desired.
+        :type passphrase: str
+        :param armor: Create ASCII armored output?
+        :type armor: bool
+        :param output: Path of file to write results in.
+        :type output: str
+        :param symmetric: Should we encrypt to a password?
+        :type symmetric: bool
+        :param cipher_algo: Algorithm to use.
+        :type cipher_algo: str
+
+        :return: An object with encrypted result in the `data` field.
+        :rtype: gnupg.Crypt
+        """
+        args = ['--encrypt']
+        if symmetric:
+            args = ['--symmetric']
+            if cipher_algo:
+                args.append('--cipher-algo %s' % cipher_algo)
+        else:
+            args = ['--encrypt']
+            if not _is_sequence(recipients):
+                recipients = (recipients,)
+            for recipient in recipients:
+                args.append('--recipient "%s"' % recipient)
+        if armor:  # create ascii-armored output - set to False for binary
+            args.append('--armor')
+        if output:  # write the output to a file with the specified name
+            if os.path.exists(output):
+                os.remove(output)  # to avoid overwrite confirmation message
+            args.append('--output "%s"' % output)
+        if sign:
+            args.append('--sign --default-key "%s"' % sign)
+        if always_trust:
+            args.append("--always-trust")
+        result = self.result_map['crypt'](self)
+        self._handle_io(args, file, result, passphrase=passphrase, binary=True)
+        logger.debug('encrypt result: %r', result.data)
+        return result
+
+    def list_packets(self, data):
+        """
+        List the sequence of packets.
+
+        :param data: The data to extract packets from.
+        :type data: str
+
+        :return: An object with packet info.
+        :rtype ListPackets
+        """
+        args = ["--list-packets"]
+        result = self.result_map['list-packets'](self)
+        self._handle_io(
+            args,
+            _make_binary_stream(data, self.encoding),
+            result,
+        )
+        return result
+
+    def encrypted_to(self, data):
+        """
+        Return the key to which data is encrypted to.
+
+        :param data: The data to be examined.
+        :type data: str
+
+        :return: The fingerprint of the key to which data is encrypted to.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        # TODO: make this support multiple keys.
+        result = self.list_packets(data)
+        if not result.key:
+            raise LookupError(
+                "Content is not encrypted to a GnuPG key!")
+        try:
+            return self.find_key_by_keyid(result.key)
+        except:
+            return self.find_key_by_subkey(result.key)
+
+    def is_encrypted_sym(self, data):
+        """
+        Say whether some chunk of data is encrypted to a symmetric key.
+
+        :param data: The data to be examined.
+        :type data: str
+
+        :return: Whether data is encrypted to a symmetric key.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        result = self.list_packets(data)
+        return bool(result.need_passphrase_sym)
+
+    def is_encrypted_asym(self, data):
+        """
+        Say whether some chunk of data is encrypted to a private key.
+
+        :param data: The data to be examined.
+        :type data: str
+
+        :return: Whether data is encrypted to a private key.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        result = self.list_packets(data)
+        return bool(result.key)
+
+    def is_encrypted(self, data):
+        """
+        Say whether some chunk of data is encrypted to a key.
+
+        :param data: The data to be examined.
+        :type data: str
+
+        :return: Whether data is encrypted to a key.
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        return self.is_encrypted_asym(data) or self.is_encrypted_sym(data)
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/keys.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/keys.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44bd587b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/keys.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# keys.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+Abstact key type and encryption scheme representations.
+"""
+
+
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+import re
+
+
+from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
+from leap.common.check import leap_assert
+
+
+#
+# Dictionary keys used for storing cryptographic keys.
+#
+
+KEY_ADDRESS_KEY = 'address'
+KEY_TYPE_KEY = 'type'
+KEY_ID_KEY = 'key_id'
+KEY_FINGERPRINT_KEY = 'fingerprint'
+KEY_DATA_KEY = 'key_data'
+KEY_PRIVATE_KEY = 'private'
+KEY_LENGTH_KEY = 'length'
+KEY_EXPIRY_DATE_KEY = 'expiry_date'
+KEY_FIRST_SEEN_AT_KEY = 'first_seen_at'
+KEY_LAST_AUDITED_AT_KEY = 'last_audited_at'
+KEY_VALIDATION_KEY = 'validation'
+KEY_TAGS_KEY = 'tags'
+
+
+#
+# Key storage constants
+#
+
+KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG = 'keymanager-key'
+
+
+#
+# key indexing constants.
+#
+
+TAGS_PRIVATE_INDEX = 'by-tags-private'
+TAGS_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_INDEX = 'by-tags-address-private'
+INDEXES = {
+    TAGS_PRIVATE_INDEX: [
+        KEY_TAGS_KEY,
+        'bool(%s)' % KEY_PRIVATE_KEY,
+    ],
+    TAGS_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_INDEX: [
+        KEY_TAGS_KEY,
+        KEY_ADDRESS_KEY,
+        'bool(%s)' % KEY_PRIVATE_KEY,
+    ]
+}
+
+
+#
+# Key handling utilities
+#
+
+def is_address(address):
+    """
+    Return whether the given C{address} is in the form user@provider.
+
+    :param address: The address to be tested.
+    :type address: str
+    :return: Whether C{address} is in the form user@provider.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    return bool(re.match('[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+', address))
+
+
+def build_key_from_dict(kClass, address, kdict):
+    """
+    Build an C{kClass} key bound to C{address} based on info in C{kdict}.
+
+    :param address: The address bound to the key.
+    :type address: str
+    :param kdict: Dictionary with key data.
+    :type kdict: dict
+    :return: An instance of the key.
+    :rtype: C{kClass}
+    """
+    leap_assert(
+        address == kdict[KEY_ADDRESS_KEY],
+        'Wrong address in key data.')
+    return kClass(
+        address,
+        key_id=kdict[KEY_ID_KEY],
+        fingerprint=kdict[KEY_FINGERPRINT_KEY],
+        key_data=kdict[KEY_DATA_KEY],
+        private=kdict[KEY_PRIVATE_KEY],
+        length=kdict[KEY_LENGTH_KEY],
+        expiry_date=kdict[KEY_EXPIRY_DATE_KEY],
+        first_seen_at=kdict[KEY_FIRST_SEEN_AT_KEY],
+        last_audited_at=kdict[KEY_LAST_AUDITED_AT_KEY],
+        validation=kdict[KEY_VALIDATION_KEY],  # TODO: verify for validation.
+    )
+
+
+#
+# Abstraction for encryption keys
+#
+
+class EncryptionKey(object):
+    """
+    Abstract class for encryption keys.
+
+    A key is "validated" if the nicknym agent has bound the user address to a
+    public key. Nicknym supports three different levels of key validation:
+
+    * Level 3 - path trusted: A path of cryptographic signatures can be traced
+      from a trusted key to the key under evaluation. By default, only the
+      provider key from the user's provider is a "trusted key".
+    * level 2 - provider signed: The key has been signed by a provider key for
+      the same domain, but the provider key is not validated using a trust
+      path (i.e. it is only registered)
+    * level 1 - registered: The key has been encountered and saved, it has no
+      signatures (that are meaningful to the nicknym agent).
+    """
+
+    __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, address, key_id=None, fingerprint=None,
+                 key_data=None, private=None, length=None, expiry_date=None,
+                 validation=None, first_seen_at=None, last_audited_at=None):
+        self.address = address
+        self.key_id = key_id
+        self.fingerprint = fingerprint
+        self.key_data = key_data
+        self.private = private
+        self.length = length
+        self.expiry_date = expiry_date
+        self.validation = validation
+        self.first_seen_at = first_seen_at
+        self.last_audited_at = last_audited_at
+
+    def get_json(self):
+        """
+        Return a JSON string describing this key.
+
+        :return: The JSON string describing this key.
+        :rtype: str
+        """
+        return json.dumps({
+            KEY_ADDRESS_KEY: self.address,
+            KEY_TYPE_KEY: str(self.__class__),
+            KEY_ID_KEY: self.key_id,
+            KEY_FINGERPRINT_KEY: self.fingerprint,
+            KEY_DATA_KEY: self.key_data,
+            KEY_PRIVATE_KEY: self.private,
+            KEY_LENGTH_KEY: self.length,
+            KEY_EXPIRY_DATE_KEY: self.expiry_date,
+            KEY_VALIDATION_KEY: self.validation,
+            KEY_FIRST_SEEN_AT_KEY: self.first_seen_at,
+            KEY_LAST_AUDITED_AT_KEY: self.last_audited_at,
+            KEY_TAGS_KEY: [KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG],
+        })
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """
+        Representation of this class
+        """
+        return u"<%s 0x%s (%s - %s)>" % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.key_id,
+            self.address,
+            "priv" if self.private else "publ")
+
+
+#
+# Encryption schemes
+#
+
+class EncryptionScheme(object):
+    """
+    Abstract class for Encryption Schemes.
+
+    A wrapper for a certain encryption schemes should know how to get and put
+    keys in local storage using Soledad, how to generate new keys and how to
+    find out about possibly encrypted content.
+    """
+
+    __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
+
+    def __init__(self, soledad):
+        """
+        Initialize this Encryption Scheme.
+
+        :param soledad: A Soledad instance for local storage of keys.
+        :type soledad: leap.soledad.Soledad
+        """
+        self._soledad = soledad
+        self._init_indexes()
+
+    def _init_indexes(self):
+        """
+        Initialize the database indexes.
+        """
+        # Ask the database for currently existing indexes.
+        db_indexes = dict(self._soledad.list_indexes())
+        # Loop through the indexes we expect to find.
+        for name, expression in INDEXES.items():
+            if name not in db_indexes:
+                # The index does not yet exist.
+                self._soledad.create_index(name, *expression)
+                continue
+            if expression == db_indexes[name]:
+                # The index exists and is up to date.
+                continue
+            # The index exists but the definition is not what expected, so we
+            # delete it and add the proper index expression.
+            self._soledad.delete_index(name)
+            self._soledad.create_index(name, *expression)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_key(self, address, private=False):
+        """
+        Get key from local storage.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+        :param private: Look for a private key instead of a public one?
+        :type private: bool
+
+        :return: The key bound to C{address}.
+        :rtype: EncryptionKey
+        @raise KeyNotFound: If the key was not found on local storage.
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def put_key(self, key):
+        """
+        Put a key in local storage.
+
+        :param key: The key to be stored.
+        :type key: EncryptionKey
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def gen_key(self, address):
+        """
+        Generate a new key.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+
+        :return: The key bound to C{address}.
+        :rtype: EncryptionKey
+        """
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def delete_key(self, key):
+        """
+        Remove C{key} from storage.
+
+        :param key: The key to be removed.
+        :type key: EncryptionKey
+        """
+        pass
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/openpgp.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/openpgp.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d19bb2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/openpgp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,636 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# openpgp.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""
+Infrastructure for using OpenPGP keys in Key Manager.
+"""
+import logging
+import os
+import re
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+
+from leap.common.check import leap_assert, leap_assert_type
+from leap.keymanager import errors
+from leap.keymanager.keys import (
+    EncryptionKey,
+    EncryptionScheme,
+    is_address,
+    build_key_from_dict,
+    KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG,
+    TAGS_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_INDEX,
+)
+from leap.keymanager.gpg import GPGWrapper
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+#
+# gpg wrapper and decorator
+#
+
+def temporary_gpgwrapper(keys=None):
+    """
+    Returns a unitary gpg wrapper that implements context manager
+    protocol.
+
+    :param key_data: ASCII armored key data.
+    :type key_data: str
+
+    :return: a GPGWrapper instance
+    :rtype: GPGWrapper
+    """
+    # TODO do here checks on key_data
+    return TempGPGWrapper(keys=keys)
+
+
+def with_temporary_gpg(fun):
+    """
+    Decorator to add a temporary gpg wrapper as context
+    to gpg related functions.
+
+    Decorated functions are expected to return a function whose only
+    argument is a gpgwrapper instance.
+    """
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        We extract the arguments passed to the wrapped function,
+        run the function and do validations.
+        We expect that the positional arguments are `data`,
+        and an optional `key`.
+        All the rest of arguments should be passed as named arguments
+        to allow for a correct unpacking.
+        """
+        if len(args) == 2:
+            keys = args[1] if isinstance(args[1], OpenPGPKey) else None
+        else:
+            keys = None
+
+        # sign/verify keys passed as arguments
+        sign = kwargs.get('sign', None)
+        if sign:
+            keys = [keys, sign]
+
+        verify = kwargs.get('verify', None)
+        if verify:
+            keys = [keys, verify]
+
+        # is the wrapped function sign or verify?
+        fun_name = fun.__name__
+        is_sign_function = True if fun_name == "sign" else False
+        is_verify_function = True if fun_name == "verify" else False
+
+        result = None
+
+        with temporary_gpgwrapper(keys) as gpg:
+            result = fun(*args, **kwargs)(gpg)
+
+            # TODO: cleanup a little bit the
+            # validation. maybe delegate to other
+            # auxiliary functions for clarity.
+
+            ok = getattr(result, 'ok', None)
+
+            stderr = getattr(result, 'stderr', None)
+            if stderr:
+                logger.debug("%s" % (stderr,))
+
+            if ok is False:
+                raise errors.EncryptionDecryptionFailed(
+                    'Failed to encrypt/decrypt in %s: %s' % (
+                        fun.__name__,
+                        stderr))
+
+            if verify is not None:
+                # A verify key has been passed
+                if result.valid is False or \
+                        verify.fingerprint != result.pubkey_fingerprint:
+                    raise errors.InvalidSignature(
+                        'Failed to verify signature with key %s: %s' %
+                        (verify.key_id, stderr))
+
+            if is_sign_function:
+                # Specific validation for sign function
+                privkey = gpg.list_keys(secret=True).pop()
+                rfprint = result.fingerprint
+                kfprint = privkey['fingerprint']
+                if result.fingerprint is None:
+                    raise errors.SignFailed(
+                        'Failed to sign with key %s: %s' %
+                        (privkey['keyid'], stderr))
+                leap_assert(
+                    result.fingerprint == kfprint,
+                    'Signature and private key fingerprints mismatch: '
+                    '%s != %s' %
+                    (rfprint, kfprint))
+
+            if is_verify_function:
+                # Specific validation for verify function
+                pubkey = gpg.list_keys().pop()
+                valid = result.valid
+                rfprint = result.fingerprint
+                kfprint = pubkey['fingerprint']
+                if valid is False or rfprint != kfprint:
+                    raise errors.InvalidSignature(
+                        'Failed to verify signature '
+                        'with key %s.' % pubkey['keyid'])
+                result = result.valid
+
+            # ok, enough checks. let's return data if available
+            if hasattr(result, 'data'):
+                result = result.data
+        return result
+    return wrapped
+
+
+class TempGPGWrapper(object):
+    """
+    A context manager returning a temporary GPG wrapper keyring, which
+    contains exactly zero or one pubkeys, and zero or one privkeys.
+
+    Temporary unitary keyrings allow the to use GPG's facilities for exactly
+    one key. This function creates an empty temporary keyring and imports
+    C{keys} if it is not None.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, keys=None):
+        """
+        :param keys: OpenPGP key, or list of.
+        :type keys: OpenPGPKey or list of OpenPGPKeys
+        """
+        self._gpg = None
+        if not keys:
+            keys = list()
+        if not isinstance(keys, list):
+            keys = [keys]
+        self._keys = keys
+        for key in filter(None, keys):
+            leap_assert_type(key, OpenPGPKey)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        """
+        Calls the unitary gpgwrapper initializer
+
+        :return: A GPG wrapper with a unitary keyring.
+        :rtype: gnupg.GPG
+        """
+        self._build_keyring()
+        return self._gpg
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        """
+        Ensures the gpgwrapper is properly destroyed.
+        """
+        # TODO handle exceptions and log here
+        self._destroy_keyring()
+
+    def _build_keyring(self):
+        """
+        Create an empty GPG keyring and import C{keys} into it.
+
+        :param keys: List of keys to add to the keyring.
+        :type keys: list of OpenPGPKey
+
+        :return: A GPG wrapper with a unitary keyring.
+        :rtype: gnupg.GPG
+        """
+        privkeys = [key for key in self._keys if key and key.private is True]
+        publkeys = [key for key in self._keys if key and key.private is False]
+        # here we filter out public keys that have a correspondent
+        # private key in the list because the private key_data by
+        # itself is enough to also have the public key in the keyring,
+        # and we want to count the keys afterwards.
+
+        privaddrs = map(lambda privkey: privkey.address, privkeys)
+        publkeys = filter(
+            lambda pubkey: pubkey.address not in privaddrs, publkeys)
+
+        listkeys = lambda: self._gpg.list_keys()
+        listsecretkeys = lambda: self._gpg.list_keys(secret=True)
+
+        self._gpg = GPGWrapper(gnupghome=tempfile.mkdtemp())
+        leap_assert(len(listkeys()) is 0, 'Keyring not empty.')
+
+        # import keys into the keyring:
+        # concatenating ascii-armored keys, which is correctly
+        # understood by the GPGWrapper.
+
+        self._gpg.import_keys("".join(
+            [x.key_data for x in publkeys + privkeys]))
+
+        # assert the number of keys in the keyring
+        leap_assert(
+            len(listkeys()) == len(publkeys) + len(privkeys),
+            'Wrong number of public keys in keyring: %d, should be %d)' %
+            (len(listkeys()), len(publkeys) + len(privkeys)))
+        leap_assert(
+            len(listsecretkeys()) == len(privkeys),
+            'Wrong number of private keys in keyring: %d, should be %d)' %
+            (len(listsecretkeys()), len(privkeys)))
+
+    def _destroy_keyring(self):
+        """
+        Securely erase a unitary keyring.
+        """
+        # TODO: implement some kind of wiping of data or a more
+        # secure way that
+        # does not write to disk.
+
+        try:
+            for secret in [True, False]:
+                for key in self._gpg.list_keys(secret=secret):
+                    self._gpg.delete_keys(
+                        key['fingerprint'],
+                        secret=secret)
+            leap_assert(len(self._gpg.list_keys()) is 0, 'Keyring not empty!')
+
+        except:
+            raise
+
+        finally:
+            leap_assert(self._gpg.gnupghome != os.path.expanduser('~/.gnupg'),
+                        "watch out! Tried to remove default gnupg home!")
+            shutil.rmtree(self._gpg.gnupghome)
+
+
+#
+# API functions
+#
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def encrypt_asym(data, key, passphrase=None, sign=None):
+    """
+    Encrypt C{data} using public @{key} and sign with C{sign} key.
+
+    :param data: The data to be encrypted.
+    :type data: str
+    :param pubkey: The key used to encrypt.
+    :type pubkey: OpenPGPKey
+    :param sign: The key used for signing.
+    :type sign: OpenPGPKey
+
+    :return: The encrypted data.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    leap_assert_type(key, OpenPGPKey)
+    leap_assert(key.private is False, 'Key is not public.')
+    if sign is not None:
+        leap_assert_type(sign, OpenPGPKey)
+        leap_assert(sign.private is True)
+
+    # Here we cannot assert for correctness of sig because the sig is in
+    # the ciphertext.
+    # result.ok    - (bool) indicates if the operation succeeded
+    # result.data  - (bool) contains the result of the operation
+
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.encrypt(
+        data, key.fingerprint,
+        sign=sign.key_id if sign else None,
+        passphrase=passphrase, symmetric=False)
+
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def decrypt_asym(data, key, passphrase=None, verify=None):
+    """
+    Decrypt C{data} using private @{key} and verify with C{verify} key.
+
+    :param data: The data to be decrypted.
+    :type data: str
+    :param privkey: The key used to decrypt.
+    :type privkey: OpenPGPKey
+    :param verify: The key used to verify a signature.
+    :type verify: OpenPGPKey
+
+    :return: The decrypted data.
+    :rtype: str
+
+    @raise InvalidSignature: Raised if unable to verify the signature with
+        C{verify} key.
+    """
+    leap_assert(key.private is True, 'Key is not private.')
+    if verify is not None:
+        leap_assert_type(verify, OpenPGPKey)
+        leap_assert(verify.private is False)
+
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.decrypt(
+        data, passphrase=passphrase)
+
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def is_encrypted(data):
+    """
+    Return whether C{data} was encrypted using OpenPGP.
+
+    :param data: The data we want to know about.
+    :type data: str
+
+    :return: Whether C{data} was encrypted using this wrapper.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.is_encrypted(data)
+
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def is_encrypted_asym(data):
+    """
+    Return whether C{data} was asymmetrically encrypted using OpenPGP.
+
+    :param data: The data we want to know about.
+    :type data: str
+
+    :return: Whether C{data} was encrypted using this wrapper.
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.is_encrypted_asym(data)
+
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def sign(data, privkey):
+    """
+    Sign C{data} with C{privkey}.
+
+    :param data: The data to be signed.
+    :type data: str
+
+    :param privkey: The private key to be used to sign.
+    :type privkey: OpenPGPKey
+
+    :return: The ascii-armored signed data.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    leap_assert_type(privkey, OpenPGPKey)
+    leap_assert(privkey.private is True)
+
+    # result.fingerprint - contains the fingerprint of the key used to
+    #                      sign.
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.sign(data, keyid=privkey.key_id)
+
+
+@with_temporary_gpg
+def verify(data, key):
+    """
+    Verify signed C{data} with C{pubkey}.
+
+    :param data: The data to be verified.
+    :type data: str
+
+    :param pubkey: The public key to be used on verification.
+    :type pubkey: OpenPGPKey
+
+    :return: The ascii-armored signed data.
+    :rtype: str
+    """
+    leap_assert_type(key, OpenPGPKey)
+    leap_assert(key.private is False)
+
+    return lambda gpg: gpg.verify(data)
+
+
+#
+# Helper functions
+#
+
+
+def _build_key_from_gpg(address, key, key_data):
+    """
+    Build an OpenPGPKey for C{address} based on C{key} from
+    local gpg storage.
+
+    ASCII armored GPG key data has to be queried independently in this
+    wrapper, so we receive it in C{key_data}.
+
+    :param address: The address bound to the key.
+    :type address: str
+    :param key: Key obtained from GPG storage.
+    :type key: dict
+    :param key_data: Key data obtained from GPG storage.
+    :type key_data: str
+    :return: An instance of the key.
+    :rtype: OpenPGPKey
+    """
+    return OpenPGPKey(
+        address,
+        key_id=key['keyid'],
+        fingerprint=key['fingerprint'],
+        key_data=key_data,
+        private=True if key['type'] == 'sec' else False,
+        length=key['length'],
+        expiry_date=key['expires'],
+        validation=None,  # TODO: verify for validation.
+    )
+
+
+#
+# The OpenPGP wrapper
+#
+
+class OpenPGPKey(EncryptionKey):
+    """
+    Base class for OpenPGP keys.
+    """
+
+
+class OpenPGPScheme(EncryptionScheme):
+    """
+    A wrapper for OpenPGP keys.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, soledad):
+        """
+        Initialize the OpenPGP wrapper.
+
+        :param soledad: A Soledad instance for key storage.
+        :type soledad: leap.soledad.Soledad
+        """
+        EncryptionScheme.__init__(self, soledad)
+
+    def gen_key(self, address):
+        """
+        Generate an OpenPGP keypair bound to C{address}.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+        :return: The key bound to C{address}.
+        :rtype: OpenPGPKey
+        @raise KeyAlreadyExists: If key already exists in local database.
+        """
+        # make sure the key does not already exist
+        leap_assert(is_address(address), 'Not an user address: %s' % address)
+        try:
+            self.get_key(address)
+            raise errors.KeyAlreadyExists(address)
+        except errors.KeyNotFound:
+            pass
+
+        def _gen_key(gpg):
+            params = gpg.gen_key_input(
+                key_type='RSA',
+                key_length=4096,
+                name_real=address,
+                name_email=address,
+                name_comment='Generated by LEAP Key Manager.')
+            gpg.gen_key(params)
+            pubkeys = gpg.list_keys()
+            # assert for new key characteristics
+            leap_assert(
+                len(pubkeys) is 1,  # a unitary keyring!
+                'Keyring has wrong number of keys: %d.' % len(pubkeys))
+            key = gpg.list_keys(secret=True).pop()
+            leap_assert(
+                len(key['uids']) is 1,  # with just one uid!
+                'Wrong number of uids for key: %d.' % len(key['uids']))
+            leap_assert(
+                re.match('.*<%s>$' % address, key['uids'][0]) is not None,
+                'Key not correctly bound to address.')
+            # insert both public and private keys in storage
+            for secret in [True, False]:
+                key = gpg.list_keys(secret=secret).pop()
+                openpgp_key = _build_key_from_gpg(
+                    address, key,
+                    gpg.export_keys(key['fingerprint'], secret=secret))
+                self.put_key(openpgp_key)
+
+        with temporary_gpgwrapper() as gpg:
+            # TODO: inspect result, or use decorator
+            _gen_key(gpg)
+
+        return self.get_key(address, private=True)
+
+    def get_key(self, address, private=False):
+        """
+        Get key bound to C{address} from local storage.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+        :param private: Look for a private key instead of a public one?
+        :type private: bool
+
+        :return: The key bound to C{address}.
+        :rtype: OpenPGPKey
+        @raise KeyNotFound: If the key was not found on local storage.
+        """
+        leap_assert(is_address(address), 'Not an user address: %s' % address)
+        doc = self._get_key_doc(address, private)
+        if doc is None:
+            raise errors.KeyNotFound(address)
+        return build_key_from_dict(OpenPGPKey, address, doc.content)
+
+    def put_ascii_key(self, key_data):
+        """
+        Put key contained in ascii-armored C{key_data} in local storage.
+
+        :param key_data: The key data to be stored.
+        :type key_data: str
+        """
+        leap_assert_type(key_data, str)
+        # TODO: add more checks for correct key data.
+        leap_assert(key_data is not None, 'Data does not represent a key.')
+
+        def _put_ascii_key(gpg):
+            gpg.import_keys(key_data)
+            privkey = None
+            pubkey = None
+
+            try:
+                privkey = gpg.list_keys(secret=True).pop()
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+            pubkey = gpg.list_keys(secret=False).pop()  # unitary keyring
+            # extract adress from first uid on key
+            match = re.match('.*<([\w.-]+@[\w.-]+)>.*', pubkey['uids'].pop())
+            leap_assert(match is not None, 'No user address in key data.')
+            address = match.group(1)
+            if privkey is not None:
+                match = re.match(
+                    '.*<([\w.-]+@[\w.-]+)>.*', privkey['uids'].pop())
+                leap_assert(match is not None, 'No user address in key data.')
+                privaddress = match.group(1)
+                leap_assert(
+                    address == privaddress,
+                    'Addresses in pub and priv key differ.')
+                leap_assert(
+                    pubkey['fingerprint'] == privkey['fingerprint'],
+                    'Fingerprints for pub and priv key differ.')
+                # insert private key in storage
+                openpgp_privkey = _build_key_from_gpg(
+                    address, privkey,
+                    gpg.export_keys(privkey['fingerprint'], secret=True))
+                self.put_key(openpgp_privkey)
+            # insert public key in storage
+            openpgp_pubkey = _build_key_from_gpg(
+                address, pubkey,
+                gpg.export_keys(pubkey['fingerprint'], secret=False))
+            self.put_key(openpgp_pubkey)
+
+        with temporary_gpgwrapper() as gpg:
+            # TODO: inspect result, or use decorator
+            _put_ascii_key(gpg)
+
+    def put_key(self, key):
+        """
+        Put C{key} in local storage.
+
+        :param key: The key to be stored.
+        :type key: OpenPGPKey
+        """
+        doc = self._get_key_doc(key.address, private=key.private)
+        if doc is None:
+            self._soledad.create_doc_from_json(key.get_json())
+        else:
+            doc.set_json(key.get_json())
+            self._soledad.put_doc(doc)
+
+    def _get_key_doc(self, address, private=False):
+        """
+        Get the document with a key (public, by default) bound to C{address}.
+
+        If C{private} is True, looks for a private key instead of a public.
+
+        :param address: The address bound to the key.
+        :type address: str
+        :param private: Whether to look for a private key.
+        :type private: bool
+        :return: The document with the key or None if it does not exist.
+        :rtype: leap.soledad.document.SoledadDocument
+        """
+        doclist = self._soledad.get_from_index(
+            TAGS_ADDRESS_PRIVATE_INDEX,
+            KEYMANAGER_KEY_TAG,
+            address,
+            '1' if private else '0')
+        if len(doclist) is 0:
+            return None
+        leap_assert(
+            len(doclist) is 1,
+            'Found more than one %s key for address!' %
+            'private' if private else 'public')
+        return doclist.pop()
+
+    def delete_key(self, key):
+        """
+        Remove C{key} from storage.
+
+        :param key: The key to be removed.
+        :type key: EncryptionKey
+        """
+        leap_assert(key.__class__ is OpenPGPKey, 'Wrong key type.')
+        stored_key = self.get_key(key.address, private=key.private)
+        if stored_key is None:
+            raise errors.KeyNotFound(key)
+        if stored_key.__dict__ != key.__dict__:
+            raise errors.KeyAttributesDiffer(key)
+        doc = self._get_key_doc(key.address, key.private)
+        self._soledad.delete_doc(doc)
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/__init__.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/__init__.py
diff --git a/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/test_keymanager.py b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/test_keymanager.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..09a61838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keymanager/src/leap/keymanager/tests/test_keymanager.py
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+## -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# test_keymanager.py
+# Copyright (C) 2013 LEAP
+#
+# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+"""
+Tests for the Key Manager.
+"""
+
+
+from mock import Mock
+from leap.common.testing.basetest import BaseLeapTest
+from leap.soledad import Soledad
+from leap.keymanager import (
+    KeyManager,
+    openpgp,
+    KeyNotFound,
+    NoPasswordGiven,
+    errors,
+)
+from leap.keymanager.openpgp import OpenPGPKey
+from leap.keymanager.keys import (
+    is_address,
+    build_key_from_dict,
+)
+
+
+ADDRESS = 'leap@leap.se'
+ADDRESS_2 = 'anotheruser@leap.se'
+
+
+class KeyManagerUtilTestCase(BaseLeapTest):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        pass
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_is_address(self):
+        self.assertTrue(
+            is_address('user@leap.se'),
+            'Incorrect address detection.')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            is_address('userleap.se'),
+            'Incorrect address detection.')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            is_address('user@'),
+            'Incorrect address detection.')
+        self.assertFalse(
+            is_address('@leap.se'),
+            'Incorrect address detection.')
+
+    def test_build_key_from_dict(self):
+        kdict = {
+            'address': ADDRESS,
+            'key_id': 'key_id',
+            'fingerprint': 'fingerprint',
+            'key_data': 'key_data',
+            'private': 'private',
+            'length': 'length',
+            'expiry_date': 'expiry_date',
+            'first_seen_at': 'first_seen_at',
+            'last_audited_at': 'last_audited_at',
+            'validation': 'validation',
+        }
+        key = build_key_from_dict(OpenPGPKey, ADDRESS, kdict)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['address'], key.address,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['key_id'], key.key_id,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['fingerprint'], key.fingerprint,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['key_data'], key.key_data,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['private'], key.private,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['length'], key.length,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['expiry_date'], key.expiry_date,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['first_seen_at'], key.first_seen_at,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['last_audited_at'], key.last_audited_at,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            kdict['validation'], key.validation,
+            'Wrong data in key.')
+
+
+class KeyManagerWithSoledadTestCase(BaseLeapTest):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        # mock key fetching and storing so Soledad doesn't fail when trying to
+        # reach the server.
+        Soledad._get_secrets_from_shared_db = Mock(return_value=None)
+        Soledad._put_secrets_in_shared_db = Mock(return_value=None)
+
+        self._soledad = Soledad(
+            "leap@leap.se",
+            "123456",
+            secrets_path=self.tempdir + "/secret.gpg",
+            local_db_path=self.tempdir + "/soledad.u1db",
+            server_url='',
+            cert_file=None,
+            auth_token=None,
+        )
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        for key in km.get_all_keys_in_local_db():
+            km._wrapper_map[key.__class__].delete_key(key)
+        for key in km.get_all_keys_in_local_db(private=True):
+            km._wrapper_map[key.__class__].delete_key(key)
+
+    def _key_manager(self, user=ADDRESS, url=''):
+        return KeyManager(user, url, self._soledad)
+
+
+class OpenPGPCryptoTestCase(KeyManagerWithSoledadTestCase):
+
+    def _test_openpgp_gen_key(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, 'user@leap.se')
+        key = pgp.gen_key('user@leap.se')
+        self.assertIsInstance(key, openpgp.OpenPGPKey)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            'user@leap.se', key.address, 'Wrong address bound to key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '4096', key.length, 'Wrong key length.')
+
+    def test_openpgp_put_delete_key(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        key = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        pgp.delete_key(key)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+
+    def test_openpgp_put_ascii_key(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        key = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertIsInstance(key, openpgp.OpenPGPKey)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ADDRESS, key.address, 'Wrong address bound to key.')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '4096', key.length, 'Wrong key length.')
+        pgp.delete_key(key)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+
+    def test_get_public_key(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS, private=True)
+        key = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertEqual(ADDRESS, key.address)
+        self.assertFalse(key.private)
+        self.assertEqual(KEY_FINGERPRINT, key.fingerprint)
+        pgp.delete_key(key)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS)
+
+    def test_openpgp_encrypt_decrypt_asym(self):
+        # encrypt
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        cyphertext = openpgp.encrypt_asym('data', pubkey)
+        # assert
+        self.assertTrue(cyphertext is not None)
+        self.assertTrue(cyphertext != '')
+        self.assertTrue(cyphertext != 'data')
+        self.assertTrue(openpgp.is_encrypted_asym(cyphertext))
+        self.assertTrue(openpgp.is_encrypted(cyphertext))
+        # decrypt
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS, private=True)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        plaintext = openpgp.decrypt_asym(cyphertext, privkey)
+        pgp.delete_key(pubkey)
+        pgp.delete_key(privkey)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound, pgp.get_key, ADDRESS, private=True)
+
+    def test_verify_with_private_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        signed = openpgp.sign(data, privkey)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError,
+            openpgp.verify, signed, privkey)
+
+    def test_sign_with_public_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError,
+            openpgp.sign, data, pubkey)
+
+    def test_verify_with_wrong_key_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        signed = openpgp.sign(data, privkey)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+        wrongkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS_2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidSignature,
+            openpgp.verify, signed, wrongkey)
+
+    def test_encrypt_asym_sign_with_public_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError,
+            openpgp.encrypt_asym, data, privkey, sign=pubkey)
+
+    def test_decrypt_asym_verify_with_private_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        encrypted_and_signed = openpgp.encrypt_asym(
+            data, pubkey, sign=privkey)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            AssertionError,
+            openpgp.decrypt_asym,
+            encrypted_and_signed, privkey, verify=privkey)
+
+    def test_decrypt_asym_verify_with_wrong_key_raises(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        encrypted_and_signed = openpgp.encrypt_asym(data, pubkey, sign=privkey)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+        wrongkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS_2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidSignature,
+            openpgp.verify, encrypted_and_signed, wrongkey)
+
+    def test_sign_verify(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        data = 'data'
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        signed = openpgp.sign(data, privkey)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        self.assertTrue(openpgp.verify(signed, pubkey))
+
+    def test_encrypt_asym_sign_decrypt_verify(self):
+        pgp = openpgp.OpenPGPScheme(self._soledad)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        pubkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=False)
+        privkey = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS, private=True)
+        pgp.put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY_2)
+        pubkey2 = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS_2, private=False)
+        privkey2 = pgp.get_key(ADDRESS_2, private=True)
+        data = 'data'
+        encrypted_and_signed = openpgp.encrypt_asym(
+            data, pubkey2, sign=privkey)
+        res = openpgp.decrypt_asym(
+            encrypted_and_signed, privkey2, verify=pubkey)
+        self.assertTrue(data, res)
+
+
+class KeyManagerKeyManagementTestCase(KeyManagerWithSoledadTestCase):
+
+    def test_get_all_keys_in_db(self):
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        # get public keys
+        keys = km.get_all_keys_in_local_db(False)
+        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 1, 'Wrong number of keys')
+        self.assertEqual(ADDRESS, keys[0].address)
+        self.assertFalse(keys[0].private)
+        # get private keys
+        keys = km.get_all_keys_in_local_db(True)
+        self.assertEqual(len(keys), 1, 'Wrong number of keys')
+        self.assertEqual(ADDRESS, keys[0].address)
+        self.assertTrue(keys[0].private)
+
+    def test_get_public_key(self):
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        # get the key
+        key = km.get_key(ADDRESS, OpenPGPKey, private=False,
+                         fetch_remote=False)
+        self.assertTrue(key is not None)
+        self.assertEqual(key.address, ADDRESS)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            key.fingerprint.lower(), KEY_FINGERPRINT.lower())
+        self.assertFalse(key.private)
+
+    def test_get_private_key(self):
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PRIVATE_KEY)
+        # get the key
+        key = km.get_key(ADDRESS, OpenPGPKey, private=True,
+                         fetch_remote=False)
+        self.assertTrue(key is not None)
+        self.assertEqual(key.address, ADDRESS)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            key.fingerprint.lower(), KEY_FINGERPRINT.lower())
+        self.assertTrue(key.private)
+
+    def test_send_key_raises_key_not_found(self):
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound,
+            km.send_key, OpenPGPKey)
+
+    def test_send_key(self):
+        """
+        Test that request is well formed when sending keys to server.
+        """
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        km._fetcher.put = Mock()
+        # the following data will be used on the send
+        km.ca_cert_path = 'capath'
+        km.session_id = 'sessionid'
+        km.uid = 'myuid'
+        km.api_uri = 'apiuri'
+        km.api_version = 'apiver'
+        km.send_key(OpenPGPKey)
+        # setup expected args
+        data = {
+            km.PUBKEY_KEY: km.get_key(km._address, OpenPGPKey).key_data,
+        }
+        url = '%s/%s/users/%s.json' % ('apiuri', 'apiver', 'myuid')
+        km._fetcher.put.assert_called_once_with(
+            url, data=data, verify='capath',
+            cookies={'_session_id': 'sessionid'},
+        )
+
+    def test__fetch_keys_from_server(self):
+        """
+        Test that the request is well formed when fetching keys from server.
+        """
+        km = self._key_manager(url='http://nickserver.domain')
+
+        class Response(object):
+            status_code = 200
+            headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
+
+            def json(self):
+                return {'address': ADDRESS_2, 'openpgp': PUBLIC_KEY_2}
+
+            def raise_for_status(self):
+                pass
+
+        # mock the fetcher so it returns the key for ADDRESS_2
+        km._fetcher.get = Mock(
+            return_value=Response())
+        km.ca_cert_path = 'cacertpath'
+        # do the fetch
+        km._fetch_keys_from_server(ADDRESS_2)
+        # and verify the call
+        km._fetcher.get.assert_called_once_with(
+            'http://nickserver.domain',
+            data={'address': ADDRESS_2},
+            verify='cacertpath',
+        )
+
+    def test_refresh_keys_does_not_refresh_own_key(self):
+        """
+        Test that refreshing keys will not attempt to refresh our own key.
+        """
+        km = self._key_manager()
+        # we add 2 keys but we expect it to only refresh the second one.
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        km._wrapper_map[OpenPGPKey].put_ascii_key(PUBLIC_KEY_2)
+        # mock the key fetching
+        km._fetch_keys_from_server = Mock(return_value=[])
+        km.ca_cert_path = ''  # some bogus path so the km does not complain.
+        # do the refreshing
+        km.refresh_keys()
+        km._fetch_keys_from_server.assert_called_once_with(
+            ADDRESS_2
+        )
+
+    def test_get_key_fetches_from_server(self):
+        """
+        Test that getting a key successfuly fetches from server.
+        """
+        km = self._key_manager(url='http://nickserver.domain')
+
+        class Response(object):
+            status_code = 200
+            headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
+
+            def json(self):
+                return {'address': ADDRESS_2, 'openpgp': PUBLIC_KEY_2}
+
+            def raise_for_status(self):
+                pass
+
+        # mock the fetcher so it returns the key for ADDRESS_2
+        km._fetcher.get = Mock(return_value=Response())
+        km.ca_cert_path = 'cacertpath'
+        # try to key get without fetching from server
+        self.assertRaises(
+            KeyNotFound, km.get_key, ADDRESS_2, OpenPGPKey,
+            fetch_remote=False
+        )
+        # try to get key fetching from server.
+        key = km.get_key(ADDRESS_2, OpenPGPKey)
+        self.assertIsInstance(key, OpenPGPKey)
+        self.assertEqual(ADDRESS_2, key.address)
+
+
+# Key material for testing
+
+# key 24D18DDF: public key "Leap Test Key <leap@leap.se>"
+KEY_FINGERPRINT = "E36E738D69173C13D709E44F2F455E2824D18DDF"
+PUBLIC_KEY = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+
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+ZtQ/VymwFL3XdUWV6B/hU4PVAFvO3qlOtdJ6TpE+nEWgcWjCv5g7RjXX
+=MuOY
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+PRIVATE_KEY = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+
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+MQ1S67/UX2y8/74TcRF97Ncx9HeELs92innBRXoFitnNguvcO6Esx4BTe1OdU6qR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+=JTFu
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+
+# key 7FEE575A: public key "anotheruser <anotheruser@leap.se>"
+PUBLIC_KEY_2 = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+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=
+=Thdu
+-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+
+PRIVATE_KEY_2 = """
+-----BEGIN PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+Version: GnuPG v1.4.10 (GNU/Linux)
+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+=a5gs
+-----END PGP PRIVATE KEY BLOCK-----
+"""
+import unittest
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()