Merge branch 'feature/soledad-api' into develop

Conflicts:
	src/leap/soledad/__init__.py
	src/leap/soledad/backends/couch.py
	src/leap/soledad/backends/leap_backend.py
	src/leap/soledad/backends/objectstore.py
	src/leap/soledad/tests/test_couch.py
	src/leap/soledad/tests/test_logs.py
	src/leap/soledad/tests/test_sqlcipher.py
	src/leap/soledad/util.py

25 files changed, 7787 insertions, 947 deletions

diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/README b/src/leap/soledad/README
index b59d4184..9896d2bf 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/README
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/README
@@ -19,3 +19,14 @@ Soledad depends on the following python libraries:
 [3] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-gnupg/0.3.1
 [4] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/CouchDB/0.8
 [5] http://pypi.python.org/pypi/hmac/20101005
+
+
+Tests
+-----
+
+Soledad's tests should be run with nose2, like this:
+
+  nose2 leap.soledad.tests
+
+CouchDB backend tests need an http CouchDB instance running on
+`localhost:5984`.
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/__init__.py b/src/leap/soledad/__init__.py
index c0146715..1473da38 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/__init__.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/__init__.py
@@ -5,17 +5,20 @@
 import os
 import string
 import random
-#import cStringIO
 import hmac
-
+from leap.soledad.backends import sqlcipher
+from leap.soledad.util import GPGWrapper
 import util
 
-
 class Soledad(object):
 
+    # paths
     PREFIX        = os.environ['HOME']  + '/.config/leap/soledad'
     SECRET_PATH   = PREFIX + '/secret.gpg'
     GNUPG_HOME    = PREFIX + '/gnupg'
+    LOCAL_DB_PATH = PREFIX + '/soledad.u1db'
+
+    # other configs
     SECRET_LENGTH = 50
 
     def __init__(self, user_email, gpghome=None):
@@ -33,6 +36,14 @@ class Soledad(object):
         if not self._has_secret():
             self._gen_secret()
         self._load_secret()
+        # instantiate u1db
+        # TODO: verify if secret for sqlcipher should be the same as the one
+        # for symmetric encryption.
+        self._db = sqlcipher.open(self.LOCAL_DB_PATH, True, self._secret)
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Management of secret for symmetric encryption
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -41,15 +52,17 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def _has_secret(self):
         """
-        Verify if secret already exists in a local encrypted file.
+        Verify if secret for symmetric encryption exists on local encrypted file.
         """
+        # TODO: verify if file is a GPG-encrypted file and if we have the
+        # corresponding private key for decryption.
         if os.path.isfile(self.SECRET_PATH):
             return True
         return False
 
     def _load_secret(self):
         """
-        Load secret from local encrypted file.
+        Load secret for symmetric encryption from local encrypted file.
         """
         try:
             with open(self.SECRET_PATH) as f:
@@ -59,7 +72,7 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def _gen_secret(self):
         """
-        Generate secret for symmetric encryption and store it in a local encrypted file.
+        Generate a secret for symmetric encryption and store in a local encrypted file.
         """
         self._secret = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits) for x in range(self.SECRET_LENGTH))
         ciphertext = self._gpg.encrypt(self._secret, self._fingerprint, self._fingerprint)
@@ -73,9 +86,9 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def _has_openpgp_keypair(self):
         """
-        Verify if a keypair exists for this user.
+        Verify if there exists an OpenPGP keypair for this user.
         """
-        # TODO: verify if private key exists.
+        # TODO: verify if we have the corresponding private key.
         try:
             self._gpg.find_key(self._user_email)
             return True
@@ -84,7 +97,7 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def _gen_openpgp_keypair(self):
         """
-        Generate a keypair for this user.
+        Generate an OpenPGP keypair for this user.
         """
         params = self._gpg.gen_key_input(
           key_type='RSA',
@@ -96,7 +109,7 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def _load_openpgp_keypair(self):
         """
-        Load the fingerprint for this user's keypair.
+        Find fingerprint for this user's OpenPGP keypair.
         """
         self._fingerprint = self._gpg.find_key(self._user_email)['fingerprint']
 
@@ -104,10 +117,11 @@ class Soledad(object):
         """
         Publish OpenPGP public key to a keyserver.
         """
+        # TODO: this has to talk to LEAP's Nickserver.
         pass
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    # Data encryption and decription
+    # Data encryption and decryption
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def encrypt(self, data, sign=None, passphrase=None, symmetric=False):
@@ -119,7 +133,7 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def encrypt_symmetric(self, doc_id, data, sign=None):
         """
-        Symmetrically encrypt data using this user's secret.
+        Encrypt data using symmetric secret.
         """
         h = hmac.new(self._secret, doc_id).hexdigest()
         return self.encrypt(data, sign=sign, passphrase=h, symmetric=True)
@@ -132,7 +146,7 @@ class Soledad(object):
 
     def decrypt_symmetric(self, doc_id, data):
         """
-        Symmetrically decrypt data using this user's secret.
+        Decrypt data using symmetric secret.
         """
         h = hmac.new(self._secret, doc_id).hexdigest()
         return self.decrypt(data, passphrase=h)
@@ -140,24 +154,58 @@ class Soledad(object):
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Document storage, retrieval and sync
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    
-    def put(self, doc_id, data):
+
+    def put_doc(self, doc):
         """
-        Store a document.
+        Update a document in the local encrypted database.
         """
-        pass
+        return self._db.put_doc(doc)
 
-    def get(self, doc_id):
+    def delete_doc(self, doc):
         """
-        Retrieve a document.
+        Delete a document from the local encrypted database.
         """
-        pass
+        return self._db.delete_doc(doc)
 
-    def sync(self):
+    def get_doc(self, doc_id, include_deleted=False):
         """
-        Synchronize with LEAP server.
+        Retrieve a document from the local encrypted database.
         """
-        pass
+        return self._db.get_doc(doc_id, include_deleted=include_deleted)
+
+    def get_docs(self, doc_ids, check_for_conflicts=True,
+                 include_deleted=False):
+        """
+        Get the content for many documents.
+        """
+        return self._db.get_docs(doc_ids,
+                                 check_for_conflicts=check_for_conflicts,
+                                 include_deleted=include_deleted)
 
+    def create_doc(self, content, doc_id=None):
+        """
+        Create a new document in the local encrypted database.
+        """
+        return self._db.create_doc(content, doc_id=doc_id)
+
+    def get_doc_conflicts(self, doc_id):
+        """
+        Get the list of conflicts for the given document.
+        """
+        return self._db.get_doc_conflicts(doc_id)
+
+    def resolve_doc(self, doc, conflicted_doc_revs):
+        """
+        Mark a document as no longer conflicted.
+        """
+        return self._db.resolve_doc(doc, conflicted_doc_revs)
+
+    def sync(self, url):
+        """
+        Synchronize the local encrypted database with LEAP server.
+        """
+        # TODO: create authentication scheme for sync with server.
+        return self._db.sync(url, creds=None, autocreate=True, soledad=self)
 
 __all__ = ['util']
+
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/backends/couch.py b/src/leap/soledad/backends/couch.py
index a3909596..78026af8 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/backends/couch.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/backends/couch.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+import sys
+import uuid
+from base64 import b64encode, b64decode
 from u1db import errors
-from u1db.remote.http_target import HTTPSyncTarget
-from couchdb.client import Server, Document
+from u1db.sync import LocalSyncTarget
+from couchdb.client import Server, Document as CouchDocument
 from couchdb.http import ResourceNotFound
-
 from leap.soledad.backends.objectstore import ObjectStore
 from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapDocument
 
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ except ImportError:
 class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
     """A U1DB implementation that uses Couch as its persistence layer."""
 
-    def __init__(self, url, database, full_commit=True, session=None): 
+    def __init__(self, url, database, replica_uid=None, full_commit=True, session=None): 
         """Create a new Couch data container."""
         self._url = url
         self._full_commit = full_commit
@@ -23,6 +25,7 @@ class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
         self._server = Server(url=self._url,
                               full_commit=self._full_commit,
                               session=self._session)
+        self._dbname = database
         # this will ensure that transaction and sync logs exist and are
         # up-to-date.
         self.set_document_factory(LeapDocument)
@@ -31,22 +34,26 @@ class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
         except ResourceNotFound:
             self._server.create(database)
             self._database = self._server[database]
-        super(CouchDatabase, self).__init__()
+        super(CouchDatabase, self).__init__(replica_uid=replica_uid)
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # implemented methods from Database
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     def _get_doc(self, doc_id, check_for_conflicts=False):
-        """Get just the document content, without fancy handling.
-        
-        Conflicts do not happen on server side, so there's no need to check
-        for them.
+        """
+        Get just the document content, without fancy handling.
         """
         cdoc = self._database.get(doc_id)
         if cdoc is None:
             return None
-        doc = self._factory(doc_id=doc_id, rev=cdoc['u1db_rev'])
+        has_conflicts = False
+        if check_for_conflicts:
+            has_conflicts = self._has_conflicts(doc_id)
+        doc = self._factory(
+            doc_id=doc_id,
+            rev=cdoc['u1db_rev'],
+            has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
         if cdoc['u1db_json'] is not None:
             doc.content = json.loads(cdoc['u1db_json'])
         else:
@@ -58,7 +65,9 @@ class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
         generation = self._get_generation()
         results = []
         for doc_id in self._database:
-            doc = self._get_doc(doc_id)
+            if doc_id == self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID:
+                continue
+            doc = self._get_doc(doc_id, check_for_conflicts=True)
             if doc.content is None and not include_deleted:
                 continue
             results.append(doc)
@@ -66,7 +75,7 @@ class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
 
     def _put_doc(self, doc):
         # prepare couch's Document
-        cdoc = Document()
+        cdoc = CouchDocument()
         cdoc['_id'] = doc.doc_id
         # we have to guarantee that couch's _rev is cosistent
         old_cdoc = self._database.get(doc.doc_id)
@@ -79,35 +88,68 @@ class CouchDatabase(ObjectStore):
             cdoc['u1db_json'] = doc.get_json()
         else:
             cdoc['u1db_json'] = None
+        # save doc in db
         self._database.save(cdoc)
 
     def get_sync_target(self):
         return CouchSyncTarget(self)
 
     def close(self):
-        raise NotImplementedError(self.close)
+        # TODO: fix this method so the connection is properly closed and
+        # test_close (+tearDown, which deletes the db) works without problems.
+        self._url = None
+        self._full_commit = None
+        self._session = None
+        #self._server = None
+        self._database = None
+        return True
+        
 
     def sync(self, url, creds=None, autocreate=True):
         from u1db.sync import Synchronizer
-        from u1db.remote.http_target import CouchSyncTarget
         return Synchronizer(self, CouchSyncTarget(url, creds=creds)).sync(
             autocreate=autocreate)
 
+    def _initialize(self):
+        if self._replica_uid is None:
+            self._replica_uid = uuid.uuid4().hex
+        doc = self._factory(doc_id=self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID)
+        doc.content = { 'sync_log' : [],
+                        'transaction_log' : [],
+                        'conflict_log' : b64encode(json.dumps([])),
+                        'replica_uid' : self._replica_uid }
+        self._put_doc(doc)
+
     def _get_u1db_data(self):
         cdoc = self._database.get(self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID)
         content = json.loads(cdoc['u1db_json'])
         self._sync_log.log = content['sync_log']
         self._transaction_log.log = content['transaction_log']
+        self._conflict_log.log = json.loads(b64decode(content['conflict_log']))
         self._replica_uid = content['replica_uid']
         self._couch_rev = cdoc['_rev']
 
+    def _set_u1db_data(self):
+        doc = self._factory(doc_id=self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID)
+        doc.content = { 'sync_log'        : self._sync_log.log,
+                        'transaction_log' : self._transaction_log.log,
+                        # Here, the b64 encode ensures that document content
+                        # does not cause strange behaviour in couchdb because
+                        # of encoding.
+                        'conflict_log'    : b64encode(json.dumps(self._conflict_log.log)),
+                        'replica_uid'     : self._replica_uid,
+                        '_rev'            : self._couch_rev}
+        self._put_doc(doc)
+
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # Couch specific methods
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    # no specific methods so far.
+    def delete_database(self):
+        del(self._server[self._dbname])
 
-class CouchSyncTarget(HTTPSyncTarget):
+
+class CouchSyncTarget(LocalSyncTarget):
 
     def get_sync_info(self, source_replica_uid):
         source_gen, source_trans_id = self._db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(
@@ -125,4 +167,3 @@ class CouchSyncTarget(HTTPSyncTarget):
             source_replica_uid, source_replica_generation,
             source_replica_transaction_id)
 
-
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/backends/leap_backend.py b/src/leap/soledad/backends/leap_backend.py
index a8a65eb4..3e859f7c 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/backends/leap_backend.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/backends/leap_backend.py
@@ -4,16 +4,19 @@ except ImportError:
     import json  # noqa
 
 from u1db import Document
+from u1db.remote import utils
 from u1db.remote.http_target import HTTPSyncTarget
 from u1db.remote.http_database import HTTPDatabase
-import base64  # unused
+from u1db.errors import BrokenSyncStream
+from leap.soledad.util import GPGWrapper
 
-#from leap.soledad import util  # import GPGWrapper  # unused
+import uuid
 
 
 class NoDefaultKey(Exception):
     pass
 
+
 class NoSoledadInstance(Exception):
     pass
 
@@ -72,6 +75,10 @@ class LeapDatabase(HTTPDatabase):
         db._delete()
         db.close()
 
+    def _allocate_doc_id(self):
+        """Generate a unique identifier for this document."""
+        return 'D-' + uuid.uuid4().hex  # 'D-' stands for document
+
     def get_sync_target(self):
         st = LeapSyncTarget(self._url.geturl())
         st._creds = self._creds
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/backends/objectstore.py b/src/leap/soledad/backends/objectstore.py
index 3cefdf5d..b6523336 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/backends/objectstore.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/backends/objectstore.py
@@ -1,22 +1,20 @@
-import uuid
 from u1db.backends import CommonBackend
-from u1db import errors, Document
-
-from leap.soledad import util as soledadutil
-
+from u1db import errors, Document, vectorclock
 
 class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
     """
     A backend for storing u1db data in an object store.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self):
+    def __init__(self, replica_uid=None):
         # This initialization method should be called after the connection
-        # with the database is established, so it can ensure that u1db data is
-        # configured and up-to-date.
+        # with the database is established in each implementation, so it can
+        # ensure that u1db data is configured and up-to-date.
         self.set_document_factory(Document)
-        self._sync_log = soledadutil.SyncLog()
-        self._transaction_log = soledadutil.TransactionLog()
+        self._sync_log = SyncLog()
+        self._transaction_log = TransactionLog()
+        self._conflict_log = ConflictLog(self._factory)
+        self._replica_uid = replica_uid
         self._ensure_u1db_data()
 
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -44,6 +42,12 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
     def _put_doc(self, doc):
         raise NotImplementedError(self._put_doc)
 
+    def _update_gen_and_transaction_log(self, doc_id):
+        new_gen = self._get_generation() + 1
+        trans_id = self._allocate_transaction_id()
+        self._transaction_log.append((new_gen, doc_id, trans_id))
+        self._set_u1db_data()
+
     def put_doc(self, doc):
         # consistency check
         if doc.doc_id is None:
@@ -65,12 +69,7 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
                     raise errors.RevisionConflict()
             new_rev = self._allocate_doc_rev(doc.rev)
         doc.rev = new_rev
-        self._put_doc(doc)
-        # update u1db generation and logs
-        new_gen = self._get_generation() + 1
-        trans_id = self._allocate_transaction_id()
-        self._transaction_log.append((new_gen, doc.doc_id, trans_id))
-        self._set_u1db_data()
+        self._put_and_update_indexes(old_doc, doc)
         return doc.rev
 
     def delete_doc(self, doc):
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
         new_rev = self._allocate_doc_rev(doc.rev)
         doc.rev = new_rev
         doc.make_tombstone()
-        self._put_doc(doc)
+        self._put_and_update_indexes(old_doc, doc)
         return new_rev
 
     # start of index-related methods: these are not supported by this backend.
@@ -113,10 +112,25 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
     # end of index-related methods: these are not supported by this backend.
 
     def get_doc_conflicts(self, doc_id):
-        return []
+        self._get_u1db_data()
+        conflict_docs = self._conflict_log.get_conflicts(doc_id)
+        if not conflict_docs:
+            return []
+        this_doc = self._get_doc(doc_id)
+        this_doc.has_conflicts = True
+        return [this_doc] + list(conflict_docs)
 
     def resolve_doc(self, doc, conflicted_doc_revs):
-        raise NotImplementedError(self.resolve_doc)
+        cur_doc = self._get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+        new_rev = self._ensure_maximal_rev(cur_doc.rev,
+                                           conflicted_doc_revs)
+        superseded_revs = set(conflicted_doc_revs)
+        doc.rev = new_rev
+        if cur_doc.rev in superseded_revs:
+            self._put_and_update_indexes(cur_doc, doc)
+        else:
+            self._add_conflict(doc.doc_id, new_rev, doc.get_json())
+        self._delete_conflicts(doc, superseded_revs)
 
     def _get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid):
         self._get_u1db_data()
@@ -124,12 +138,22 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
 
     def _set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid,
                                       other_generation, other_transaction_id):
-        self._get_u1db_data()
+        return self._do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(
+                 other_replica_uid,
+                 other_generation,
+                 other_transaction_id)
+
+    def _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid,
+                                         other_generation, other_transaction_id):
         self._sync_log.set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(other_replica_uid,
                                                     other_generation,
                                                     other_transaction_id)
         self._set_u1db_data()
 
+    def _get_transaction_log(self):
+        self._get_u1db_data()
+        return self._transaction_log.get_transaction_log()
+
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
     # implemented methods from CommonBackend
     #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -143,12 +167,14 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
         return self._transaction_log.get_generation_info()
 
     def _has_conflicts(self, doc_id):
-        # Documents never have conflicts on server.
-        return False
-
-    def _put_and_update_indexes(self, doc_id, old_doc, new_rev, content):
-        raise NotImplementedError(self._put_and_update_indexes)
+        self._get_u1db_data()
+        return self._conflict_log.has_conflicts(doc_id)
 
+    def _put_and_update_indexes(self, old_doc, doc):
+        # for now we ignore indexes as this backend is used to store encrypted
+        # blobs of data in the server.
+        self._put_doc(doc)
+        self._update_gen_and_transaction_log(doc.doc_id)
 
     def _get_trans_id_for_gen(self, generation):
         self._get_u1db_data()
@@ -184,14 +210,9 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
         """
         Create u1db data object in store.
         """
-        self._replica_uid = uuid.uuid4().hex
-        doc = self._factory(doc_id=self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID)
-        doc.content = { 'transaction_log' : [],
-                        'sync_log' : [],
-                        'replica_uid' : self._replica_uid }
-        self._put_doc(doc)
+        NotImplementedError(self._initialize)
 
-    def _get_u1db_data(self, u1db_data_doc_id):
+    def _get_u1db_data(self):
         """
         Fetch u1db configuration data from backend storage.
         """
@@ -201,11 +222,230 @@ class ObjectStore(CommonBackend):
         """
         Save u1db configuration data on backend storage.
         """
-        doc = self._factory(doc_id=self.U1DB_DATA_DOC_ID)
-        doc.content = { 'transaction_log' : self._transaction_log.log,
-                        'sync_log'        : self._sync_log.log,
-                        'replica_uid'     : self._replica_uid,
-                        '_rev'            : self._couch_rev}
-        self._put_doc(doc)
+        NotImplementedError(self._set_u1db_data)
+
+    def _set_replica_uid(self, replica_uid):
+        self._replica_uid = replica_uid
+        self._set_u1db_data()
+
+    def _get_replica_uid(self):
+        return self._replica_uid
+
+    replica_uid = property(
+        _get_replica_uid, _set_replica_uid, doc="Replica UID of the database")
+
+
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # The methods below were cloned from u1db sqlite backend. They should at
+    # least exist and raise a NotImplementedError exception in CommonBackend
+    # (should we maybe fill a bug in u1db bts?).
+    #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _add_conflict(self, doc_id, my_doc_rev, my_content):
+        self._conflict_log.append((doc_id, my_doc_rev, my_content))
+        self._set_u1db_data()
+
+    def _delete_conflicts(self, doc, conflict_revs):
+        deleting = [(doc.doc_id, c_rev) for c_rev in conflict_revs]
+        self._conflict_log.delete_conflicts(deleting)
+        self._set_u1db_data()
+        doc.has_conflicts = self._has_conflicts(doc.doc_id)
+
+    def _prune_conflicts(self, doc, doc_vcr):
+        if self._has_conflicts(doc.doc_id):
+            autoresolved = False
+            c_revs_to_prune = []
+            for c_doc in self._conflict_log.get_conflicts(doc.doc_id):
+                c_vcr = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(c_doc.rev)
+                if doc_vcr.is_newer(c_vcr):
+                    c_revs_to_prune.append(c_doc.rev)
+                elif doc.same_content_as(c_doc):
+                    c_revs_to_prune.append(c_doc.rev)
+                    doc_vcr.maximize(c_vcr)
+                    autoresolved = True
+            if autoresolved:
+                doc_vcr.increment(self._replica_uid)
+                doc.rev = doc_vcr.as_str()
+            self._delete_conflicts(doc, c_revs_to_prune)
+
+    def _force_doc_sync_conflict(self, doc):
+        my_doc = self._get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+        self._prune_conflicts(doc, vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev))
+        self._add_conflict(doc.doc_id, my_doc.rev, my_doc.get_json())
+        doc.has_conflicts = True
+        self._put_and_update_indexes(my_doc, doc)
+
+
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# U1DB's TransactionLog, SyncLog, ConflictLog, and Index
+#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class SimpleList(object):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._data = []
+
+    def _set_data(self, data):
+        self._data = data
+
+    def _get_data(self):
+        return self._data
+
+    data = property(
+        _get_data, _set_data, doc="List contents.")
+
+    def append(self, msg):
+        self._data.append(msg)
+
+    def reduce(self, func, initializer=None):
+        return reduce(func, self._data, initializer)
+
+    def map(self, func):
+        return map(func, self._get_data())
+
+    def filter(self, func):
+        return filter(func, self._get_data())
+
+
+class SimpleLog(SimpleList):
 
+    def _set_log(self, log):
+        self._data = log
+
+    def _get_log(self):
+        return self._data
+
+    log = property(
+        _get_log, _set_log, doc="Log contents.")
+
+
+class TransactionLog(SimpleLog):
+    """
+    An ordered list of (generation, doc_id, transaction_id) tuples.
+    """
+
+    def _set_log(self, log):
+        self._data = log
+
+    def _get_data(self, reverse=True):
+        return sorted(self._data, reverse=reverse)
+
+    _get_log = _get_data
+
+    log = property(
+        _get_log, _set_log, doc="Log contents.")
+
+    def get_generation(self):
+        """
+        Return the current generation.
+        """
+        gens = self.map(lambda x: x[0])
+        if not gens:
+            return 0
+        return max(gens)
+
+    def get_generation_info(self):
+        """
+        Return the current generation and transaction id.
+        """
+        if not self._get_log():
+            return(0, '')
+        info = self.map(lambda x: (x[0], x[2]))
+        return reduce(lambda x, y: x if (x[0] > y[0]) else y, info)
+
+    def get_trans_id_for_gen(self, gen):
+        """
+        Get the transaction id corresponding to a particular generation.
+        """
+        log = self.reduce(lambda x, y: y if y[0] == gen else x)
+        if log is None:
+            return None
+        return log[2]
+
+    def whats_changed(self, old_generation):
+        """
+        Return a list of documents that have changed since old_generation.
+        """
+        results = self.filter(lambda x: x[0] > old_generation)
+        seen = set()
+        changes = []
+        newest_trans_id = ''
+        for generation, doc_id, trans_id in results:
+            if doc_id not in seen:
+                changes.append((doc_id, generation, trans_id))
+                seen.add(doc_id)
+        if changes:
+            cur_gen = changes[0][1]  # max generation
+            newest_trans_id = changes[0][2]
+            changes.reverse()
+        else:
+            results = self._get_log()
+            if not results:
+                cur_gen = 0
+                newest_trans_id = ''
+            else:
+                cur_gen, _, newest_trans_id = results[0]
+
+        return cur_gen, newest_trans_id, changes
+
+
+    def get_transaction_log(self):
+        """
+        Return only a list of (doc_id, transaction_id)
+        """
+        return map(lambda x: (x[1], x[2]), sorted(self._get_log(reverse=False)))
+
+
+class SyncLog(SimpleLog):
+    """
+    A list of (replica_id, generation, transaction_id) tuples.
+    """
+
+    def find_by_replica_uid(self, replica_uid):
+        if not self._get_log():
+            return ()
+        return self.reduce(lambda x, y: y if y[0] == replica_uid else x)
+
+    def get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid):
+        """
+        Return the last known generation and transaction id for the other db
+        replica.
+        """
+        info = self.find_by_replica_uid(other_replica_uid)
+        if not info:
+            return (0, '')
+        return (info[1], info[2])
+
+    def set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid,
+                                      other_generation, other_transaction_id):
+        """
+        Set the last-known generation and transaction id for the other
+        database replica.
+        """
+        self._set_log(self.filter(lambda x: x[0] != other_replica_uid))
+        self.append((other_replica_uid, other_generation,
+                     other_transaction_id))
+
+class ConflictLog(SimpleLog):
+    """
+    A list of (doc_id, my_doc_rev, my_content) tuples.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, factory):
+        super(ConflictLog, self).__init__()
+        self._factory = factory
+    
+    def delete_conflicts(self, conflicts):
+        for conflict in conflicts:
+            self._set_log(self.filter(lambda x:
+                          x[0] != conflict[0] or x[1] != conflict[1]))
+
+    def get_conflicts(self, doc_id):
+        conflicts = self.filter(lambda x: x[0] == doc_id)
+        if not conflicts:
+            return []
+        return reversed(map(lambda x: self._factory(doc_id, x[1], x[2]),
+                            conflicts))
+
+    def has_conflicts(self, doc_id):
+        return bool(self.filter(lambda x: x[0] == doc_id))
 
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py b/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py
index 6fd6e619..3d03449e 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/backends/sqlcipher.py
@@ -16,30 +16,21 @@
 
 """A U1DB implementation that uses SQLCipher as its persistence layer."""
 
-import errno
 import os
-try:
-    import simplejson as json
-except ImportError:
-    import json  # noqa
-from sqlite3 import dbapi2
-import sys
+from sqlite3 import dbapi2, DatabaseError
 import time
-import uuid
 
-import pkg_resources
-
-from u1db.backends import CommonBackend, CommonSyncTarget
-from u1db.backends.sqlite_backend import SQLitePartialExpandDatabase
+from u1db.backends.sqlite_backend import (
+    SQLiteDatabase,
+    SQLitePartialExpandDatabase,
+)
 from u1db import (
     Document,
     errors,
-    query_parser,
-    vectorclock,
-    )
+)
 
 
-def open(path, create, document_factory=None, password=None):
+def open(path, password, create=True, document_factory=None):
     """Open a database at the given location.
 
     Will raise u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist if create=False and the
@@ -52,11 +43,17 @@ def open(path, create, document_factory=None, password=None):
         parameters as Document.__init__.
     :return: An instance of Database.
     """
-    from u1db.backends import sqlite_backend
-    return sqlite_backend.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(
+    return SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(
         path, password, create=create, document_factory=document_factory)
 
 
+class DatabaseIsNotEncrypted(Exception):
+    """
+    Exception raised when trying to open non-encrypted databases.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
 class SQLCipherDatabase(SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
     """A U1DB implementation that uses SQLCipher as its persistence layer."""
 
@@ -67,14 +64,30 @@ class SQLCipherDatabase(SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
     def set_pragma_key(cls, db_handle, key):
        db_handle.cursor().execute("PRAGMA key = '%s'" % key)
 
+
     def __init__(self, sqlite_file, password, document_factory=None):
-        """Create a new sqlite file."""
+        """Create a new sqlcipher file."""
+        self._check_if_db_is_encrypted(sqlite_file)
         self._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(sqlite_file)
         SQLCipherDatabase.set_pragma_key(self._db_handle, password)
         self._real_replica_uid = None
         self._ensure_schema()
         self._factory = document_factory or Document
 
+
+    def _check_if_db_is_encrypted(self, sqlite_file):
+        if not os.path.exists(sqlite_file):
+            return
+        else:
+            try:
+                # try to open an encrypted database with the regular u1db backend
+                # should raise a DatabaseError exception.
+                SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(sqlite_file)
+                raise DatabaseIsNotEncrypted()
+            except DatabaseError:
+                pass
+
+
     @classmethod
     def _open_database(cls, sqlite_file, password, document_factory=None):
         if not os.path.isfile(sqlite_file):
@@ -100,6 +113,7 @@ class SQLCipherDatabase(SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
         return SQLCipherDatabase._sqlite_registry[v](
             sqlite_file, password, document_factory=document_factory)
 
+
     @classmethod
     def open_database(cls, sqlite_file, password, create, backend_cls=None,
                       document_factory=None):
@@ -115,13 +129,17 @@ class SQLCipherDatabase(SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
             return backend_cls(sqlite_file, password,
                                document_factory=document_factory)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def register_implementation(klass):
-        """Register that we implement an SQLCipherDatabase.
 
-        The attribute _index_storage_value will be used as the lookup key.
+    def sync(self, url, creds=None, autocreate=True, soledad=None):
+        """
+        Synchronize encrypted documents with remote replica exposed at url.
         """
-        SQLCipherDatabase._sqlite_registry[klass._index_storage_value] = klass
+        from u1db.sync import Synchronizer
+        from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapSyncTarget
+        return Synchronizer(self, LeapSyncTarget(url, creds=creds),
+                            soledad=self._soledad).sync(
+            autocreate=autocreate)
+
 
+SQLiteDatabase.register_implementation(SQLCipherDatabase)
 
-SQLCipherDatabase.register_implementation(SQLCipherDatabase)
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/__init__.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/__init__.py
index 7918b265..e69de29b 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/tests/__init__.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/__init__.py
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-import unittest2 as unittest
-import tempfile
-import shutil
-
-class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def createTempDir(self, prefix='u1db-tmp-'):
-        """Create a temporary directory to do some work in.
-
-        This directory will be scheduled for cleanup when the test ends.
-        """
-        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix)
-        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, tempdir)
-        return tempdir
-
-    def make_document(self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
-        return self.make_document_for_test(
-            self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
-
-    def make_document_for_test(self, test, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                               has_conflicts):
-        return make_document_for_test(
-            test, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
-
-    def assertGetDoc(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts):
-        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
-        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id))
-
-    def assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                   has_conflicts):
-        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
-        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id, include_deleted=True))
-
-    def assertGetDocConflicts(self, db, doc_id, conflicts):
-        """Assert what conflicts are stored for a given doc_id.
-
-        :param conflicts: A list of (doc_rev, content) pairs.
-            The first item must match the first item returned from the
-            database, however the rest can be returned in any order.
-        """
-        if conflicts:
-            conflicts = [(rev, (json.loads(cont) if isinstance(cont, basestring)
-                           else cont)) for (rev, cont) in conflicts]
-            conflicts = conflicts[:1] + sorted(conflicts[1:])
-        actual = db.get_doc_conflicts(doc_id)
-        if actual:
-            actual = [(doc.rev, (json.loads(doc.get_json())
-                   if doc.get_json() is not None else None)) for doc in actual]
-            actual = actual[:1] + sorted(actual[1:])
-        self.assertEqual(conflicts, actual)
-
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_couch.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_couch.py
index b5bf4e9b..6b5875b8 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_couch.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_couch.py
@@ -1,280 +1,213 @@
-import unittest2
-from leap.soledad.backends.couch import CouchDatabase
-from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapDocument
-from u1db import errors, vectorclock
+"""Test ObjectStore backend bits.
 
+For these tests to run, a couch server has to be running on (default) port
+5984.
+"""
+
+import copy
+from leap.soledad.backends import couch
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_backends
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_sync
 try:
     import simplejson as json
 except ImportError:
     import json  # noqa
 
-simple_doc = '{"key": "value"}'
-nested_doc = '{"key": "value", "sub": {"doc": "underneath"}}'
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_common_backend`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-def make_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
-    return LeapDocument(doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+class TestCouchBackendImpl(tests.TestCase):
 
-class CouchTestCase(unittest2.TestCase):
+    def test__allocate_doc_id(self):
+        db = couch.CouchDatabase('http://localhost:5984', 'u1db_tests')
+        doc_id1 = db._allocate_doc_id()
+        self.assertTrue(doc_id1.startswith('D-'))
+        self.assertEqual(34, len(doc_id1))
+        int(doc_id1[len('D-'):], 16)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc_id1, db._allocate_doc_id())
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.db = CouchDatabase('http://localhost:5984', 'u1db_tests')
 
-    def make_document(self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
-        return self.make_document_for_test(
-            self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_backends`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    def make_document_for_test(self, test, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                               has_conflicts):
-        return make_document_for_test(
-            test, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+def make_couch_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    return couch.CouchDatabase('http://localhost:5984', replica_uid,
+                               replica_uid=replica_uid or 'test')
 
-    def assertGetDoc(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts):
-        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
-        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id))
+def copy_couch_database_for_test(test, db):
+    new_db = couch.CouchDatabase('http://localhost:5984',  db._replica_uid+'_copy',
+                                 replica_uid=db._replica_uid or 'test')
+    gen, docs = db.get_all_docs(include_deleted=True)
+    for doc in docs:
+        new_db._put_doc(doc)
+    new_db._transaction_log._data = copy.deepcopy(db._transaction_log._data)
+    new_db._sync_log._data = copy.deepcopy(db._sync_log._data)
+    new_db._conflict_log._data = copy.deepcopy(db._conflict_log._data)
+    new_db._set_u1db_data()
+    return new_db
 
-    def assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                   has_conflicts):
-        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
-        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
-                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id, include_deleted=True))
 
+COUCH_SCENARIOS = [
+        ('couch', {'make_database_for_test': make_couch_database_for_test,
+                  'copy_database_for_test': copy_couch_database_for_test,
+                  'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,}),
+        ]
 
-    def test_create_doc_allocating_doc_id(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.doc_id)
-        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
 
-    def test_create_doc_different_ids_same_db(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.assertNotEqual(doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id)
+class CouchTests(test_backends.AllDatabaseTests):
 
-    def test_create_doc_with_id(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my-id')
-        self.assertEqual('my-id', doc.doc_id)
-        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
 
-    def test_create_doc_existing_id(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        new_content = '{"something": "else"}'
-        self.assertRaises(
-            errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.create_doc_from_json,
-            new_content, doc.doc_id)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_put_doc_creating_initial(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
-        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        self.assertIsNot(None, new_rev)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_put_doc_space_in_id(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('my doc id', None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_put_doc_update(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        orig_rev = doc.rev
-        doc.set_json('{"updated": "stuff"}')
-        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        self.assertNotEqual(new_rev, orig_rev)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev,
-                          '{"updated": "stuff"}', False)
-        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, new_rev)
-
-    def test_put_non_ascii_key(self):
-        content = json.dumps({u'key\xe5': u'val'})
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
-
-    def test_put_non_ascii_value(self):
-        content = json.dumps({'key': u'\xe5'})
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
-
-    def test_put_doc_refuses_no_id(self):
-        doc = self.make_document(None, None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-        doc = self.make_document("", None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_put_doc_refuses_slashes(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('a/b', None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-        doc = self.make_document(r'\b', None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_put_doc_url_quoting_is_fine(self):
-        doc_id = "%2F%2Ffoo%2Fbar"
-        doc = self.make_document(doc_id, None, simple_doc)
-        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc_id, new_rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_existing_old_rev(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'test:4', simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_ascii_doc_id(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('d\xc3\xa5c-id', None, simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_put_fails_with_bad_old_rev(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        old_rev = doc.rev
-        bad_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'other:1',
-                                     '{"something": "else"}')
-        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, bad_doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', old_rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_create_succeeds_after_delete(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
-        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
-        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
-        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(new_doc.rev)
-        self.assertTrue(
-            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
-            "%s does not supersede %s" % (new_doc.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
-
-    def test_put_succeeds_after_delete(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
-        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
-        doc2 = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
-        self.db.put_doc(doc2)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc2.rev, simple_doc, False)
-        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
-        self.assertTrue(
-            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
-            "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc2.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
-
-    def test_get_doc_after_put(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_get_doc_nonexisting(self):
-        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('non-existing'))
-
-    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id'))
-
-    def test_get_doc_include_deleted(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
-            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
-
-    def test_get_docs(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
-                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchTests, self).tearDown()
 
-    def test_get_docs_deleted(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
-        self.assertEqual([doc2],
-                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
 
-    def test_get_docs_include_deleted(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
-        self.assertEqual(
-            [doc1, doc2],
-            list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id],
-                                  include_deleted=True)))
+class CouchDatabaseTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseTests):
 
-    def test_get_docs_request_ordered(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
-                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
-        self.assertEqual([doc2, doc1],
-                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc2.doc_id, doc1.doc_id])))
+    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
 
-    def test_get_docs_empty_list(self):
-        self.assertEqual([], list(self.db.get_docs([])))
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchDatabaseTests, self).tearDown()
 
-    def test_handles_nested_content(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
 
-    def test_handles_doc_with_null(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": null}')
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, '{"key": null}', False)
+class CouchValidateGenNTransIdTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseValidateGenNTransIdTests):
 
-    def test_delete_doc(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
-        orig_rev = doc.rev
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertNotEqual(orig_rev, doc.rev)
-        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
-            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
-        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc(doc.doc_id))
-
-    def test_delete_doc_non_existent(self):
-        doc = self.make_document('non-existing', 'other:1', simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentDoesNotExist, self.db.delete_doc, doc)
-
-    def test_delete_doc_already_deleted(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentAlreadyDeleted,
-                          self.db.delete_doc, doc)
-        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
-            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
-
-    def test_delete_doc_bad_rev(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
-        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'other:1', simple_doc)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.delete_doc, doc2)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
-
-    def test_delete_doc_sets_content_to_None(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertIs(None, doc.get_json())
+    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
 
-    def test_delete_doc_rev_supersedes(self):
-        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
-        self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        doc.set_json('{"fishy": "content"}')
-        self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        old_rev = doc.rev
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        cur_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(old_rev)
-        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
-        self.assertTrue(deleted_vc.is_newer(cur_vc),
-                "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc.rev, old_rev))
-
-    def test_delete_then_put(self):
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchValidateGenNTransIdTests, self).tearDown()
+
+
+class CouchValidateSourceGenTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseValidateSourceGenTests):
+
+    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchValidateSourceGenTests, self).tearDown()
+
+
+class CouchWithConflictsTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseWithConflictsTests):
+
+    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchWithConflictsTests, self).tearDown()
+
+
+# Notice: the CouchDB backend is currently used for storing encrypted data in
+# the server, so indexing makes no sense. Thus, we ignore index testing for
+# now.
+
+#class CouchIndexTests(DatabaseIndexTests):
+#
+#    scenarios = COUCH_SCENARIOS
+#
+#    def tearDown(self):
+#        self.db.delete_database()
+#        super(CouchIndexTests, self).tearDown()
+
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_sync`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+target_scenarios = [
+    ('local', {'create_db_and_target': test_sync._make_local_db_and_target}), ]
+
+
+simple_doc = tests.simple_doc
+nested_doc = tests.nested_doc
+
+
+class CouchDatabaseSyncTargetTests(test_sync.DatabaseSyncTargetTests):
+
+    scenarios = (tests.multiply_scenarios(COUCH_SCENARIOS, target_scenarios))
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchDatabaseSyncTargetTests, self).tearDown()
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_returns_many_new_docs(self):
+        # This test was replicated to allow dictionaries to be compared after
+        # JSON expansion (because one dictionary may have many different
+        # serialized representations).
         doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
-        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
-        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
-            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
-        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
-        self.db.put_doc(doc)
-        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc2.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            [], 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc2.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(2, new_gen)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev, json.loads(simple_doc), 1),
+             (doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, json.loads(nested_doc), 2)],
+            [c[:-3] + (json.loads(c[-3]), c[-2]) for c in self.other_changes])
+        if self.whitebox:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.db._last_exchange_log['return'],
+                {'last_gen': 2, 'docs':
+                 [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev), (doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev)]})
+
+
+sync_scenarios = []
+for name, scenario in COUCH_SCENARIOS:
+    scenario = dict(scenario)
+    scenario['do_sync'] = test_sync.sync_via_synchronizer
+    sync_scenarios.append((name, scenario))
+    scenario = dict(scenario)
 
+class CouchDatabaseSyncTests(test_sync.DatabaseSyncTests):
 
+    scenarios = sync_scenarios
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.db  = None
+        self.db1 = None
+        self.db2 = None
+        self.db3 = None
+        super(CouchDatabaseSyncTests, self).setUp()
 
     def tearDown(self):
-        self.db._server.delete('u1db_tests')
+        self.db and self.db.delete_database()
+        self.db1 and self.db1.delete_database()
+        self.db2 and self.db2.delete_database()
+        self.db3 and self.db3.delete_database()
+        db = self.create_database('test1_copy', 'source')
+        db.delete_database()
+        db = self.create_database('test2_copy', 'target')
+        db.delete_database()
+        db = self.create_database('test3', 'target')
+        db.delete_database()
+        super(CouchDatabaseSyncTests, self).tearDown()
+
+    # The following tests use indexing, so we eliminate them for now because
+    # indexing is still not implemented in couch backend.
+
+    def test_sync_pulls_changes(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_sync_sees_remote_conflicted(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_sync_sees_remote_delete_conflicted(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_sync_local_race_conflicted(self):
+        pass
+
+    def test_sync_propagates_deletes(self):
+        pass
+
+
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest2.main()
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_encrypted.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_encrypted.py
index 4ee03a3c..8cb6dc51 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_encrypted.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_encrypted.py
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-try:
-    import simplejson as json
-except ImportError:
-    import json  # noqa
-
 import unittest2 as unittest
 import os
 
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_leap_backend.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_leap_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f19eb360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_leap_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+"""Test ObjectStore backend bits.
+
+For these tests to run, a leap server has to be running on (default) port
+5984.
+"""
+
+import os
+import unittest2 as unittest
+import u1db
+from leap.soledad import Soledad
+from leap.soledad.backends import leap_backend
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_remote_sync_target import (
+    make_http_app,
+    make_oauth_http_app,
+)
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_backends
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_http_database
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_http_client
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_document
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_remote_sync_target
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_https
+from leap.soledad.tests.test_encrypted import (
+    PUBLIC_KEY,
+    PRIVATE_KEY,
+)
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The EncryptedSyncTest is used with multiple inheritance to guarantee that we
+# have a working Soledad instance in each test.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class SoledadTest(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    PREFIX     = "/var/tmp"
+    GNUPG_HOME = "%s/gnupg" % PREFIX
+    DB1_FILE   = "%s/db1.u1db" % PREFIX
+    DB2_FILE   = "%s/db2.u1db" % PREFIX
+    EMAIL      = 'leap@leap.se'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(SoledadTest, self).setUp()
+        self._db1 = u1db.open(self.DB1_FILE, create=True,
+                              document_factory=leap_backend.LeapDocument)
+        self._db2 = u1db.open(self.DB2_FILE, create=True,
+                              document_factory=leap_backend.LeapDocument)
+        self._soledad = Soledad(self.EMAIL, gpghome=self.GNUPG_HOME)
+        self._soledad._gpg.import_keys(PUBLIC_KEY)
+        self._soledad._gpg.import_keys(PRIVATE_KEY)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        super(SoledadTest, self).tearDown()
+        os.unlink(self.DB1_FILE)
+        os.unlink(self.DB2_FILE)
+        #rmtree(self.GNUPG_HOME)
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_common_backend`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLeapBackendImpl(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test__allocate_doc_id(self):
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase('test')
+        doc_id1 = db._allocate_doc_id()
+        self.assertTrue(doc_id1.startswith('D-'))
+        self.assertEqual(34, len(doc_id1))
+        int(doc_id1[len('D-'):], 16)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc_id1, db._allocate_doc_id())
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_backends`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def make_leap_database_for_test(test, replica_uid, path='test'):
+    test.startServer()
+    test.request_state._create_database(replica_uid)
+    return leap_backend.LeapDatabase(test.getURL(path))
+
+
+def copy_leap_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    return test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+
+
+def make_oauth_leap_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    http_db = make_leap_database_for_test(test, replica_uid, '~/test')
+    http_db.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                  tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return http_db
+
+
+def make_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    return leap_backend.LeapDocument(
+        doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+def make_leap_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    return leap_backend.LeapDocument(
+        doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts,
+        soledad=test._soledad)
+
+
+def make_leap_encrypted_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, encrypted_content,
+                                          has_conflicts=False):
+    return leap_backend.LeapDocument(
+        doc_id, rev, encrypted_json=encrypted_content,
+        has_conflicts=has_conflicts,
+        soledad=test._soledad)
+
+
+LEAP_SCENARIOS = [
+        ('http', {'make_database_for_test': make_leap_database_for_test,
+                  'copy_database_for_test': copy_leap_database_for_test,
+                  'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test,
+                  'make_app_with_state': make_http_app}),
+        ]
+
+
+class LeapTests(test_backends.AllDatabaseTests, SoledadTest):
+
+    scenarios = LEAP_SCENARIOS
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_http_database`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLeapDatabaseSimpleOperations(test_http_database.TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(test_http_database.TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations, self).setUp()
+        self.db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase('dbase')
+        self.db._conn = object()  # crash if used
+        self.got = None
+        self.response_val = None
+
+        def _request(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                                                     content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        def _request_json(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                                                          content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        self.db._request = _request
+        self.db._request_json = _request_json
+
+    def test_get_sync_target(self):
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+        self.assertIsInstance(st, leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget)
+        self.assertEqual(st._url, self.db._url)
+
+
+class TestLeapDatabaseCtrWithCreds(test_http_database.TestHTTPDatabaseCtrWithCreds):
+    pass
+
+
+class TestLeapDatabaseIntegration(test_http_database.TestHTTPDatabaseIntegration):
+
+    def test_non_existing_db(self):
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase(self.getURL('not-there'))
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist, db.get_doc, 'doc1')
+
+    def test__ensure(self):
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase(self.getURL('new'))
+        db._ensure()
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test__delete(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase(self.getURL('db0'))
+        db._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_open_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_open_database_non_existing(self):
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          leap_backend.LeapDatabase.open_database,
+                          self.getURL('not-there'),
+                          create=False)
+
+    def test_open_database_create(self):
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('new'),
+                                                      create=True)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_delete_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        leap_backend.LeapDatabase.delete_database(self.getURL('db0'))
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_doc_ids_needing_quoting(self):
+        db0 = self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = leap_backend.LeapDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        doc = leap_backend.LeapDocument('%fff', None, '{}')
+        db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db0, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_http_client`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLeapClientBase(test_http_client.TestHTTPClientBase):
+    pass
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_document`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLeapDocument(test_document.TestDocument, SoledadTest):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'leap', {'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test})])
+
+
+class TestLeapPyDocument(test_document.TestPyDocument, SoledadTest):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'leap', {'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test})])
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_remote_sync_target`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestLeapSyncTargetBasics(test_remote_sync_target.TestHTTPSyncTargetBasics):
+
+    def test_parse_url(self):
+        remote_target = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget('http://127.0.0.1:12345/')
+        self.assertEqual('http', remote_target._url.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1', remote_target._url.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(12345, remote_target._url.port)
+        self.assertEqual('/', remote_target._url.path)
+
+class TestLeapParsingSyncStream(test_remote_sync_target.TestParsingSyncStream):
+
+    def test_wrong_start(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "{}\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "\r\n{}\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "", None)
+
+    def test_wrong_end(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n{}", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n", None)
+
+    def test_missing_comma(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{}\r\n{"id": "i", "rev": "r", '
+                          '"content": "c", "gen": 3}\r\n]', None)
+
+    def test_no_entries(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n]", None)
+
+    def test_extra_comma(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n{},\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(leap_backend.NoSoledadInstance,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{},\r\n{"id": "i", "rev": "r", '
+                          '"content": "{}", "gen": 3, "trans_id": "T-sid"}'
+                          ',\r\n]',
+                          lambda doc, gen, trans_id: None)
+
+    def test_error_in_stream(self):
+        tgt = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.Unavailable,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"new_generation": 0},'
+                          '\r\n{"error": "unavailable"}\r\n', None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.Unavailable,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"error": "unavailable"}\r\n', None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(u1db.errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"error": "?"}\r\n', None)
+
+
+def leap_sync_target(test, path):
+    return leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget(test.getURL(path))
+
+
+def oauth_leap_sync_target(test, path):
+    st = leap_sync_target(test, '~/' + path)
+    st.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                             tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return st
+
+
+class TestRemoteSyncTargets(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = [
+        ('http', {'make_app_with_state': make_http_app,
+                  'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test,
+                  'sync_target': leap_sync_target}),
+        ('oauth_http', {'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app,
+                        'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test,
+                        'sync_target': oauth_leap_sync_target}),
+        ]
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_https`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def oauth_https_sync_target(test, host, path):
+    _, port = test.server.server_address
+    st = leap_backend.LeapSyncTarget('https://%s:%d/~/%s' % (host, port, path))
+    st.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                             tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return st
+
+class TestLeapSyncTargetHttpsSupport(test_https.TestHttpSyncTargetHttpsSupport, SoledadTest):
+
+    scenarios = [
+        ('oauth_https', {'server_def': test_https.https_server_def,
+                         'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app,
+                         'make_document_for_test': make_leap_document_for_test,
+                         'sync_target': oauth_https_sync_target
+                         }),
+        ]
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_logs.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_logs.py
index 072ac1a5..0be0d1f9 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_logs.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_logs.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import unittest2 as unittest
-from leap.soledad.util import TransactionLog, SyncLog
+from leap.soledad.backends.objectstore import TransactionLog, SyncLog, ConflictLog
 
 
 class LogTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class LogTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
             (1, 'tran_1'), 'error getting replica gen and trans id')
         # test setting
         log.set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('replica_1', 2, 'tran_12')
-        self.assertEqual(len(log._log), 3, 'error in log size after setting')
+        self.assertEqual(len(log._data), 3, 'error in log size after setting')
         self.assertEqual(log.get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('replica_1'),
             (2, 'tran_12'), 'error setting replica gen and trans id')
         self.assertEqual(log.get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('replica_2'),
@@ -49,25 +49,38 @@ class LogTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_whats_changed(self):
         data = [
-          (2, "doc_3", "tran_3"),
-          (3, "doc_2", "tran_2"),
-          (1, "doc_1", "tran_1")
-        ]
+            (1, "doc_1", "tran_1"),
+            (2, "doc_2", "tran_2"),
+            (3, "doc_3", "tran_3")
+          ]
         log = TransactionLog()
         log.log = data
         self.assertEqual(
           log.whats_changed(3),
-          (3, "tran_2", []),
+          (3, "tran_3", []),
           'error getting whats changed.')
         self.assertEqual(
           log.whats_changed(2),
-          (3, "tran_2", [("doc_2",3,"tran_2")]),
+          (3, "tran_3", [("doc_3",3,"tran_3")]),
           'error getting whats changed.')
         self.assertEqual(
           log.whats_changed(1),
-          (3, "tran_2", [("doc_3",2,"tran_3"),("doc_2",3,"tran_2")]),
+          (3, "tran_3", [("doc_2",2,"tran_2"),("doc_3",3,"tran_3")]),
           'error getting whats changed.')
 
+    def test_conflict_log(self):
+        # TODO: include tests for `get_conflicts` and `has_conflicts`.
+        data = [('1', 'my:1', 'irrelevant'),
+                ('2', 'my:1', 'irrelevant'),
+                ('3', 'my:1', 'irrelevant')]
+        log = ConflictLog(None)
+        log.log = data
+        log.delete_conflicts([('1','my:1'),('2','my:1')])
+        self.assertEqual(
+          log.log,
+          [('3', 'my:1', 'irrelevant')],
+          'error deleting conflicts.')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_sqlcipher.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_sqlcipher.py
index 3bb495ec..9e3b4052 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_sqlcipher.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/test_sqlcipher.py
@@ -1,42 +1,118 @@
-# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
-#
-# This file is part of u1db.
-#
-# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
-# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
-#
-# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
-#
-# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-"""Test sqlite backend internals."""
+"""Test sqlcipher backend internals."""
 
 import os
 import time
-import threading
+from sqlite3 import dbapi2, DatabaseError
 import unittest2 as unittest
+from StringIO import StringIO
+import threading
 
-from sqlite3 import dbapi2
-
+# u1db stuff.
 from u1db import (
     errors,
     query_parser,
     )
-from leap.soledad.backends import sqlcipher
-from leap.soledad.backends.leap_backend import LeapDocument
-from leap.soledad import tests
+from u1db.backends.sqlite_backend import SQLitePartialExpandDatabase
+
+# soledad stuff.
+from leap.soledad.backends.sqlcipher import (
+    SQLCipherDatabase,
+    DatabaseIsNotEncrypted,
+)
+from leap.soledad.backends.sqlcipher import open as u1db_open
+
+# u1db tests stuff.
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_sqlite_backend
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_backends
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import test_open
+
+PASSWORD = '123456'
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_common_backend`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSQLCipherBackendImpl(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test__allocate_doc_id(self):
+        db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
+        doc_id1 = db._allocate_doc_id()
+        self.assertTrue(doc_id1.startswith('D-'))
+        self.assertEqual(34, len(doc_id1))
+        int(doc_id1[len('D-'):], 16)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc_id1, db._allocate_doc_id())
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_backends`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+def make_sqlcipher_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
+    db._set_replica_uid(replica_uid)
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_sqlcipher_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
+    tmpfile = StringIO()
+    for line in db._db_handle.iterdump():
+        if not 'sqlite_sequence' in line:  # work around bug in iterdump
+            tmpfile.write('%s\n' % line)
+    tmpfile.seek(0)
+    new_db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(':memory:')
+    new_db._db_handle.cursor().executescript(tmpfile.read())
+    new_db._db_handle.commit()
+    new_db._set_replica_uid(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS = [
+    ('sqlcipher', {'make_database_for_test': make_sqlcipher_database_for_test,
+                   'copy_database_for_test': copy_sqlcipher_database_for_test,
+                   'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,}),
+    ]
+
+
+class SQLCipherTests(test_backends.AllDatabaseTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
+
+
+class SQLCipherDatabaseTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
+
+
+class SQLCipherValidateGenNTransIdTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseValidateGenNTransIdTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
+
+
+class SQLCipherValidateSourceGenTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseValidateSourceGenTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
+
+
+class SQLCipherWithConflictsTests(test_backends.LocalDatabaseWithConflictsTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
+
 
+class SQLCipherIndexTests(test_backends.DatabaseIndexTests):
+    scenarios = SQLCIPHER_SCENARIOS
 
-simple_doc = '{"key": "value"}'
-nested_doc = '{"key": "value", "sub": {"doc": "underneath"}}'
 
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
 
-class TestSQLCipherDatabase(tests.TestCase):
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_sqlite_backend`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestSQLCipherDatabase(test_sqlite_backend.TestSQLiteDatabase):
 
     def test_atomic_initialize(self):
         tmpdir = self.createTempDir()
@@ -44,14 +120,13 @@ class TestSQLCipherDatabase(tests.TestCase):
 
         t2 = None  # will be a thread
 
-        class SQLCipherDatabaseTesting(sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase):
+        class SQLCipherDatabaseTesting(SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
             _index_storage_value = "testing"
 
             def __init__(self, dbname, ntry):
                 self._try = ntry
                 self._is_initialized_invocations = 0
-                password = '123456'
-                super(SQLCipherDatabaseTesting, self).__init__(dbname, password)
+                super(SQLCipherDatabaseTesting, self).__init__(dbname)
 
             def _is_initialized(self, c):
                 res = super(SQLCipherDatabaseTesting, self)._is_initialized(c)
@@ -82,56 +157,31 @@ class TestSQLCipherDatabase(tests.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(db2._is_initialized(db1._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()))
 
 
-_password = '123456'
+class TestSQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase(test_sqlite_backend.TestSQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
 
-
-class TestSQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase(tests.TestCase):
+    # The following tests had to be cloned from u1db because they all
+    # instantiate the backend directly, so we need to change that in order to
+    # our backend be instantiated in place.
 
     def setUp(self):
-        super(TestSQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase, self).setUp()
-        self.db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', _password)
+        super(test_sqlite_backend.TestSQLitePartialExpandDatabase, self).setUp()
+        self.db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
         self.db._set_replica_uid('test')
 
-    def test_create_database(self):
-        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
-        self.assertNotEqual(None, raw_db)
-
     def test_default_replica_uid(self):
-        self.db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', _password)
+        self.db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
         self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._replica_uid)
         self.assertEqual(32, len(self.db._replica_uid))
         int(self.db._replica_uid, 16)
 
-    def test__close_sqlite_handle(self):
-        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
-        self.db._close_sqlite_handle()
-        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.ProgrammingError,
-            raw_db.cursor)
-
-    def test_create_database_initializes_schema(self):
-        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
-        c = raw_db.cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM u1db_config")
-        config = dict([(r[0], r[1]) for r in c.fetchall()])
-        self.assertEqual({'sql_schema': '0', 'replica_uid': 'test',
-                          'index_storage': 'expand referenced encrypted'}, config)
-
-        # These tables must exist, though we don't care what is in them yet
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM transaction_log")
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM document")
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM document_fields")
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM sync_log")
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM conflicts")
-        c.execute("SELECT * FROM index_definitions")
-
     def test__parse_index(self):
-        self.db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', _password)
+        self.db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
         g = self.db._parse_index_definition('fieldname')
         self.assertIsInstance(g, query_parser.ExtractField)
         self.assertEqual(['fieldname'], g.field)
 
     def test__update_indexes(self):
-        self.db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', _password)
+        self.db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
         g = self.db._parse_index_definition('fieldname')
         c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
         self.db._update_indexes('doc-id', {'fieldname': 'val'},
@@ -142,7 +192,7 @@ class TestSQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase(tests.TestCase):
 
     def test__set_replica_uid(self):
         # Start from scratch, so that replica_uid isn't set.
-        self.db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', _password)
+        self.db = SQLCipherDatabase(':memory:', PASSWORD)
         self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._real_replica_uid)
         self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._replica_uid)
         self.db._set_replica_uid('foo')
@@ -154,350 +204,135 @@ class TestSQLCipherPartialExpandDatabase(tests.TestCase):
         self.db._close_sqlite_handle()
         self.assertEqual('foo', self.db._replica_uid)
 
-    def test__get_generation(self):
-        self.assertEqual(0, self.db._get_generation())
-
-    def test__get_generation_info(self):
-        self.assertEqual((0, ''), self.db._get_generation_info())
-
-    def test_create_index(self):
-        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key")
-        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ["key"])], self.db.list_indexes())
-
-    def test_create_index_multiple_fields(self):
-        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key", "key2")
-        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ["key", "key2"])],
-                         self.db.list_indexes())
-
-    def test__get_index_definition(self):
-        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key", "key2")
-        # TODO: How would you test that an index is getting used for an SQL
-        #       request?
-        self.assertEqual(["key", "key2"],
-                         self.db._get_index_definition('test-idx'))
-
-    def test_list_index_mixed(self):
-        # Make sure that we properly order the output
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        # We intentionally insert the data in weird ordering, to make sure the
-        # query still gets it back correctly.
-        c.executemany("INSERT INTO index_definitions VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
-                      [('idx-1', 0, 'key10'),
-                       ('idx-2', 2, 'key22'),
-                       ('idx-1', 1, 'key11'),
-                       ('idx-2', 0, 'key20'),
-                       ('idx-2', 1, 'key21')])
-        self.assertEqual([('idx-1', ['key10', 'key11']),
-                          ('idx-2', ['key20', 'key21', 'key22'])],
-                         self.db.list_indexes())
-
-    def test_no_indexes_no_document_fields(self):
-        self.db.create_doc_from_json(
-            '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([], c.fetchall())
-
-    def test_create_extracts_fields(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
-        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "valx", "key2": "valy"}')
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([], c.fetchall())
-        self.db.create_index('test', 'key1', 'key2')
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual(sorted(
-            [(doc1.doc_id, "key1", "val1"),
-             (doc1.doc_id, "key2", "val2"),
-             (doc2.doc_id, "key1", "valx"),
-             (doc2.doc_id, "key2", "valy"),
-            ]), sorted(c.fetchall()))
-
-    def test_put_updates_fields(self):
-        self.db.create_index('test', 'key1', 'key2')
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
-            '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
-        doc1.content = {"key1": "val1", "key2": "valy"}
-        self.db.put_doc(doc1)
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, "key1", "val1"),
-                          (doc1.doc_id, "key2", "valy"),
-                         ], c.fetchall())
-
-    def test_put_updates_nested_fields(self):
-        self.db.create_index('test', 'key', 'sub.doc')
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, "key", "value"),
-                          (doc1.doc_id, "sub.doc", "underneath"),
-                         ], c.fetchall())
-
-    def test__ensure_schema_rollback(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/rollback.db'
-
-        class SQLCipherPartialExpandDbTesting(
-            sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase):
-
-            def _set_replica_uid_in_transaction(self, uid):
-                super(SQLCipherPartialExpandDbTesting,
-                    self)._set_replica_uid_in_transaction(uid)
-                if fail:
-                    raise Exception()
-
-        db = SQLCipherPartialExpandDbTesting.__new__(SQLCipherPartialExpandDbTesting)
-        db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(path)  # db is there but not yet init-ed
-        fail = True
-        self.assertRaises(Exception, db._ensure_schema)
-        fail = False
-        db._initialize(db._db_handle.cursor())
-
     def test__open_database(self):
         temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
         path = temp_dir + '/test.sqlite'
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(path, _password)
-        db2 = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase._open_database(path, _password)
-        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase)
+        SQLCipherDatabase(path, PASSWORD)
+        db2 = SQLCipherDatabase._open_database(path, PASSWORD)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, SQLCipherDatabase)
 
     def test__open_database_with_factory(self):
         temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
         path = temp_dir + '/test.sqlite'
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(path, _password)
-        db2 = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase._open_database(
-            path, _password, document_factory=LeapDocument)
-        self.assertEqual(LeapDocument, db2._factory)
+        SQLCipherDatabase(path, PASSWORD)
+        db2 = SQLCipherDatabase._open_database(
+            path, PASSWORD, document_factory=test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertEqual(test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument, db2._factory)
 
-    def test__open_database_non_existent(self):
+    def test_open_database_existing(self):
         temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
-                         sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase._open_database, path, _password)
+        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
+        SQLCipherDatabase(path, PASSWORD)
+        db2 = SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(path, PASSWORD, create=False)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, SQLCipherDatabase)
 
-    def test__open_database_during_init(self):
+    def test_open_database_with_factory(self):
         temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/initialised.db'
-        db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.__new__(
-                                    sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase)
-        db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(path)  # db is there but not yet init-ed
+        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
+        SQLCipherDatabase(path, PASSWORD)
+        db2 = SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(
+            path, PASSWORD, create=False, document_factory=test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertEqual(test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument, db2._factory)
+
+    def test_create_database_initializes_schema(self):
+        # This test had to be cloned because our implementation of SQLCipher
+        # backend is referenced with an index_storage_value that includes the
+        # word "encrypted". See u1db's sqlite_backend and our
+        # sqlcipher_backend for reference.
+        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
+        c = raw_db.cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM u1db_config")
+        config = dict([(r[0], r[1]) for r in c.fetchall()])
+        self.assertEqual({'sql_schema': '0', 'replica_uid': 'test',
+                          'index_storage': 'expand referenced encrypted'}, config)
+
+
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# The following tests come from `u1db.tests.test_open`.
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class SQLCipherOpen(test_open.TestU1DBOpen):
+
+    def test_open_no_create(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          u1db_open, self.db_path,
+                          password=PASSWORD,
+                          create=False)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+
+    def test_open_create(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, password=PASSWORD, create=True)
         self.addCleanup(db.close)
-        observed = []
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, SQLCipherDatabase)
 
-        class SQLCipherDatabaseTesting(sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase):
-            WAIT_FOR_PARALLEL_INIT_HALF_INTERVAL = 0.1
+    def test_open_with_factory(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, password=PASSWORD, create=True,
+                       document_factory=test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        self.assertEqual(test_backends.TestAlternativeDocument, db._factory)
 
-            @classmethod
-            def _which_index_storage(cls, c):
-                res = super(SQLCipherDatabaseTesting, cls)._which_index_storage(c)
-                db._ensure_schema()  # init db
-                observed.append(res[0])
-                return res
+    def test_open_existing(self):
+        db = SQLCipherDatabase(self.db_path, PASSWORD)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        # Even though create=True, we shouldn't wipe the db
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, password=PASSWORD, create=True)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        doc2 = db2.get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc, doc2)
 
-        db2 = SQLCipherDatabaseTesting._open_database(path, _password)
+    def test_open_existing_no_create(self):
+        db = SQLCipherDatabase(self.db_path, PASSWORD)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, password=PASSWORD, create=False)
         self.addCleanup(db2.close)
-        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase)
-        self.assertEqual([None,
-              sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase._index_storage_value],
-                         observed)
-
-    def test__open_database_invalid(self):
-        class SQLCipherDatabaseTesting(sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase):
-            WAIT_FOR_PARALLEL_INIT_HALF_INTERVAL = 0.1
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path1 = temp_dir + '/invalid1.db'
-        with open(path1, 'wb') as f:
-            f.write("")
-        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.OperationalError,
-                          SQLCipherDatabaseTesting._open_database, path1, _password)
-        with open(path1, 'wb') as f:
-            f.write("invalid")
-        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.DatabaseError,
-                          SQLCipherDatabaseTesting._open_database, path1, _password)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, SQLCipherDatabase)
 
-    def test_open_database_existing(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(path, _password)
-        db2 = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(path, _password,
-                                                        create=False)
-        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase)
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Tests for actual encryption of the database
+#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-    def test_open_database_with_factory(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase(path, _password)
-        db2 = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(
-            path, _password, create=False, document_factory=LeapDocument)
-        self.assertEqual(LeapDocument, db2._factory)
+class SQLCipherEncryptionTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
-    def test_open_database_create(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/new.sqlite'
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(path, _password, create=True)
-        db2 = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(path, _password, create=False)
-        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase)
+    DB_FILE = '/tmp/test.db'
 
-    def test_open_database_non_existent(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
-                          sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database, path,
-                          _password, create=False)
+    def delete_dbfiles(self):
+        for dbfile in [self.DB_FILE]:
+            if os.path.exists(dbfile):
+                os.unlink(dbfile)
 
-    def test_delete_database_existent(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/new.sqlite'
-        db = sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database(path, _password, create=True)
-        db.close()
-        sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.delete_database(path)
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
-                          sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.open_database, path,
-                          _password, create=False)
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.delete_dbfiles()
 
-    def test_delete_database_nonexistent(self):
-        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
-        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
-        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
-                          sqlcipher.SQLCipherDatabase.delete_database, path)
-
-    def test__get_indexed_fields(self):
-        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'a', 'b')
-        self.assertEqual(set(['a', 'b']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
-        self.db.create_index('idx2', 'b', 'c')
-        self.assertEqual(set(['a', 'b', 'c']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
-
-    def test_indexed_fields_expanded(self):
-        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'key1')
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
-        self.assertEqual(set(['key1']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, 'key1', 'val1')], c.fetchall())
-
-    def test_create_index_updates_fields(self):
-        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
-        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'key1')
-        self.assertEqual(set(['key1']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
-        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
-        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
-                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
-        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, 'key1', 'val1')], c.fetchall())
-
-    def assertFormatQueryEquals(self, exp_statement, exp_args, definition,
-                                values):
-        statement, args = self.db._format_query(definition, values)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_statement, statement)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_args, args)
-
-    def test__format_query(self):
-        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
-            "SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM "
-            "document d, document_fields d0 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON "
-            "c.doc_id = d.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name "
-            "= ? AND d0.value = ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content "
-            "ORDER BY d0.value;", ["key1", "a"],
-            ["key1"], ["a"])
-
-    def test__format_query2(self):
-        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value = ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
-            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ["key1", "a", "key2", "b", "key3", "c"],
-            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"])
-
-    def test__format_query_wildcard(self):
-        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value GLOB ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? '
-            'AND d2.value NOT NULL GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content '
-            'ORDER BY d0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ["key1", "a", "key2", "b*", "key3"], ["key1", "key2", "key3"],
-            ["a", "b*", "*"])
-
-    def assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(self, exp_statement, exp_args, definition,
-                                     start_value, end_value):
-        statement, args = self.db._format_range_query(
-            definition, start_value, end_value)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_statement, statement)
-        self.assertEqual(exp_args, args)
-
-    def test__format_range_query(self):
-        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value <= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
-            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c', 'key1', 'p', 'key2', 'q',
-             'key3', 'r'],
-            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"], ["p", "q", "r"])
-
-    def test__format_range_query_no_start(self):
-        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value <= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
-            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c'],
-            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], None, ["a", "b", "c"])
-
-    def test__format_range_query_no_end(self):
-        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value >= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
-            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c'],
-            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"], None)
-
-    def test__format_range_query_wildcard(self):
-        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
-            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
-            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
-            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
-            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
-            'd2.value NOT NULL AND d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? '
-            'AND d0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? '
-            'AND (d1.value < ? OR d1.value GLOB ?) AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id '
-            'AND d2.field_name = ? AND d2.value NOT NULL GROUP BY d.doc_id, '
-            'd.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY d0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
-            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'key1', 'p', 'key2', 'q', 'q*',
-             'key3'],
-            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b*", "*"], ["p", "q*", "*"])
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.delete_dbfiles()
+
+    def test_try_to_open_encrypted_db_with_sqlite_backend(self):
+        db = SQLCipherDatabase(self.DB_FILE, PASSWORD)
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        db.close()
+        try:
+            # trying to open an encrypted database with the regular u1db backend
+            # should raise a DatabaseError exception.
+            SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.DB_FILE)
+            raise DatabaseIsNotEncrypted()
+        except DatabaseError:
+            # at this point we know that the regular U1DB sqlcipher backend
+            # did not succeed on opening the database, so it was indeed
+            # encrypted.
+            db = SQLCipherDatabase(self.DB_FILE, PASSWORD)
+            doc = db.get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+            self.assertEqual(tests.simple_doc, doc.get_json(), 'decrypted content mismatch')
+
+    def test_try_to_open_raw_db_with_sqlcipher_backend(self):
+        db = SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.DB_FILE)
+        db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        db.close()
+        try:
+            # trying to open the a non-encrypted database with sqlcipher backend
+            # should raise a DatabaseIsNotEncrypted exception.
+            SQLCipherDatabase(self.DB_FILE, PASSWORD)
+            raise DatabaseError("SQLCipher backend should not be able to open non-encrypted dbs.")
+        except DatabaseIsNotEncrypted:
+            pass
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/README b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/README
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..605f01fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/README
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+General info
+------------
+
+Test files in this directory are derived from u1db-0.1.4 tests. The main
+difference is that:
+
+  (1) they include the test infrastructure packed with soledad; and
+  (2) they do not include c_backend_wrapper testing.
+
+Dependencies
+------------
+
+u1db tests depend on the following python packages:
+
+  nose2
+  unittest2
+  mercurial
+  hgtools
+  testtools
+  discover
+  oauth
+  testscenarios
+  dirspec
+  paste
+  routes
+  simplejson
+  cython
+
+Running tests
+-------------
+
+Use nose2 to run tests:
+
+  nose2 leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/__init__.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..167077f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Test infrastructure for U1DB"""
+
+import copy
+import shutil
+import socket
+import tempfile
+import threading
+
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+
+from wsgiref import simple_server
+
+from oauth import oauth
+from sqlite3 import dbapi2
+from StringIO import StringIO
+
+import testscenarios
+import testtools
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    Document,
+    )
+from u1db.backends import (
+    inmemory,
+    sqlite_backend,
+    )
+from u1db.remote import (
+    server_state,
+    )
+
+try:
+    from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests import c_backend_wrapper
+    c_backend_error = None
+except ImportError, e:
+    c_backend_wrapper = None  # noqa
+    c_backend_error = e
+
+# Setting this means that failing assertions will not include this module in
+# their traceback. However testtools doesn't seem to set it, and we don't want
+# this level to be omitted, but the lower levels to be shown.
+# __unittest = 1
+
+
+class TestCase(testtools.TestCase):
+
+    def createTempDir(self, prefix='u1db-tmp-'):
+        """Create a temporary directory to do some work in.
+
+        This directory will be scheduled for cleanup when the test ends.
+        """
+        tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix)
+        self.addCleanup(shutil.rmtree, tempdir)
+        return tempdir
+
+    def make_document(self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+        return self.make_document_for_test(
+            self, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+
+    def make_document_for_test(self, test, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                               has_conflicts):
+        return make_document_for_test(
+            test, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts)
+
+    def assertGetDoc(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content, has_conflicts):
+        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
+        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id))
+
+    def assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(self, db, doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                   has_conflicts):
+        """Assert that the document in the database looks correct."""
+        exp_doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc_rev, content,
+                                     has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_doc, db.get_doc(doc_id, include_deleted=True))
+
+    def assertGetDocConflicts(self, db, doc_id, conflicts):
+        """Assert what conflicts are stored for a given doc_id.
+
+        :param conflicts: A list of (doc_rev, content) pairs.
+            The first item must match the first item returned from the
+            database, however the rest can be returned in any order.
+        """
+        if conflicts:
+            conflicts = [(rev, (json.loads(cont) if isinstance(cont, basestring)
+                           else cont)) for (rev, cont) in conflicts]
+            conflicts = conflicts[:1] + sorted(conflicts[1:])
+        actual = db.get_doc_conflicts(doc_id)
+        if actual:
+            actual = [(doc.rev, (json.loads(doc.get_json())
+                   if doc.get_json() is not None else None)) for doc in actual]
+            actual = actual[:1] + sorted(actual[1:])
+        self.assertEqual(conflicts, actual)
+
+
+def multiply_scenarios(a_scenarios, b_scenarios):
+    """Create the cross-product of scenarios."""
+
+    all_scenarios = []
+    for a_name, a_attrs in a_scenarios:
+        for b_name, b_attrs in b_scenarios:
+            name = '%s,%s' % (a_name, b_name)
+            attrs = dict(a_attrs)
+            attrs.update(b_attrs)
+            all_scenarios.append((name, attrs))
+    return all_scenarios
+
+
+simple_doc = '{"key": "value"}'
+nested_doc = '{"key": "value", "sub": {"doc": "underneath"}}'
+
+
+def make_memory_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    return inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(replica_uid)
+
+
+def copy_memory_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._transaction_log = db._transaction_log[:]
+    new_db._docs = copy.deepcopy(db._docs)
+    new_db._conflicts = copy.deepcopy(db._conflicts)
+    new_db._indexes = copy.deepcopy(db._indexes)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+def make_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+    db._set_replica_uid(replica_uid)
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    new_db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+    tmpfile = StringIO()
+    for line in db._db_handle.iterdump():
+        if not 'sqlite_sequence' in line:  # work around bug in iterdump
+            tmpfile.write('%s\n' % line)
+    tmpfile.seek(0)
+    new_db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(':memory:')
+    new_db._db_handle.cursor().executescript(tmpfile.read())
+    new_db._db_handle.commit()
+    new_db._set_replica_uid(db._replica_uid)
+    new_db._factory = db._factory
+    return new_db
+
+
+def make_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    return Document(doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+def make_c_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    if c_backend_wrapper is None:
+        test.skipTest('c_backend_wrapper is not available')
+    db = c_backend_wrapper.CDatabase(':memory:')
+    db._set_replica_uid(replica_uid)
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_c_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    if c_backend_wrapper is None:
+        test.skipTest('c_backend_wrapper is not available')
+    new_db = db._copy(db)
+    return new_db
+
+
+def make_c_document_for_test(test, doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=False):
+    if c_backend_wrapper is None:
+        test.skipTest('c_backend_wrapper is not available')
+    return c_backend_wrapper.make_document(
+        doc_id, rev, content, has_conflicts=has_conflicts)
+
+
+LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS = [
+        ('mem', {'make_database_for_test': make_memory_database_for_test,
+                 'copy_database_for_test': copy_memory_database_for_test,
+                 'make_document_for_test': make_document_for_test}),
+        ('sql', {'make_database_for_test':
+                 make_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test,
+                 'copy_database_for_test':
+                 copy_sqlite_partial_expanded_for_test,
+                 'make_document_for_test': make_document_for_test}),
+        ]
+
+
+C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS = [
+        ('c', {'make_database_for_test': make_c_database_for_test,
+               'copy_database_for_test': copy_c_database_for_test,
+               'make_document_for_test': make_c_document_for_test})]
+
+
+class DatabaseBaseTests(TestCase):
+
+    accept_fixed_trans_id = False  # set to True assertTransactionLog
+                                   # is happy with all trans ids = ''
+
+    scenarios = LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS
+
+    def create_database(self, replica_uid):
+        return self.make_database_for_test(self, replica_uid)
+
+    def copy_database(self, db):
+        # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES
+        # IS THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST
+        # THAT WE CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS
+        # RATHER THAN CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND
+        # NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+        return self.copy_database_for_test(self, db)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(DatabaseBaseTests, self).setUp()
+        self.db = self.create_database('test')
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # TODO: Add close_database parameterization
+        # self.close_database(self.db)
+        super(DatabaseBaseTests, self).tearDown()
+
+    def assertTransactionLog(self, doc_ids, db):
+        """Assert that the given docs are in the transaction log."""
+        log = db._get_transaction_log()
+        just_ids = []
+        seen_transactions = set()
+        for doc_id, transaction_id in log:
+            just_ids.append(doc_id)
+            self.assertIsNot(None, transaction_id,
+                             "Transaction id should not be None")
+            if transaction_id == '' and self.accept_fixed_trans_id:
+                continue
+            self.assertNotEqual('', transaction_id,
+                                "Transaction id should be a unique string")
+            self.assertTrue(transaction_id.startswith('T-'))
+            self.assertNotIn(transaction_id, seen_transactions)
+            seen_transactions.add(transaction_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc_ids, just_ids)
+
+    def getLastTransId(self, db):
+        """Return the transaction id for the last database update."""
+        return self.db._get_transaction_log()[-1][-1]
+
+
+class ServerStateForTests(server_state.ServerState):
+    """Used in the test suite, so we don't have to touch disk, etc."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(ServerStateForTests, self).__init__()
+        self._dbs = {}
+
+    def open_database(self, path):
+        try:
+            return self._dbs[path]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist
+
+    def check_database(self, path):
+        # cares only about the possible exception
+        self.open_database(path)
+
+    def ensure_database(self, path):
+        try:
+            db =  self.open_database(path)
+        except errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist:
+            db = self._create_database(path)
+        return db, db._replica_uid
+
+    def _copy_database(self, db):
+        # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES
+        # IS THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST
+        # THAT WE CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS
+        # RATHER THAN CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND
+        # NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+        new_db = copy_memory_database_for_test(None, db)
+        path = db._replica_uid
+        while path in self._dbs:
+            path += 'copy'
+        self._dbs[path] = new_db
+        return new_db
+
+    def _create_database(self, path):
+        db = inmemory.InMemoryDatabase(path)
+        self._dbs[path] = db
+        return db
+
+    def delete_database(self, path):
+        del self._dbs[path]
+
+
+class ResponderForTests(object):
+    """Responder for tests."""
+    _started = False
+    sent_response = False
+    status = None
+
+    def start_response(self, status='success', **kwargs):
+        self._started = True
+        self.status = status
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+    def send_response(self, status='success', **kwargs):
+        self.start_response(status, **kwargs)
+        self.finish_response()
+
+    def finish_response(self):
+        self.sent_response = True
+
+
+class TestCaseWithServer(TestCase):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def server_def():
+        # hook point
+        # should return (ServerClass, "shutdown method name", "url_scheme")
+        class _RequestHandler(simple_server.WSGIRequestHandler):
+            def log_request(*args):
+                pass  # suppress
+
+        def make_server(host_port, application):
+            assert application, "forgot to override make_app(_with_state)?"
+            srv = simple_server.WSGIServer(host_port, _RequestHandler)
+            # patch the value in if it's None
+            if getattr(application, 'base_url', 1) is None:
+                application.base_url = "http://%s:%s" % srv.server_address
+            srv.set_app(application)
+            return srv
+
+        return make_server, "shutdown", "http"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def make_app_with_state(state):
+        # hook point
+        return None
+
+    def make_app(self):
+        # potential hook point
+        self.request_state = ServerStateForTests()
+        return self.make_app_with_state(self.request_state)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestCaseWithServer, self).setUp()
+        self.server = self.server_thread = None
+
+    @property
+    def url_scheme(self):
+        return self.server_def()[-1]
+
+    def startServer(self):
+        server_def = self.server_def()
+        server_class, shutdown_meth, _ = server_def
+        application = self.make_app()
+        self.server = server_class(('127.0.0.1', 0), application)
+        self.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.server.serve_forever,
+                                              kwargs=dict(poll_interval=0.01))
+        self.server_thread.start()
+        self.addCleanup(self.server_thread.join)
+        self.addCleanup(getattr(self.server, shutdown_meth))
+
+    def getURL(self, path=None):
+        host, port = self.server.server_address
+        if path is None:
+            path = ''
+        return '%s://%s:%s/%s' % (self.url_scheme, host, port, path)
+
+
+def socket_pair():
+    """Return a pair of TCP sockets connected to each other.
+
+    Unlike socket.socketpair, this should work on Windows.
+    """
+    sock_pair = getattr(socket, 'socket_pair', None)
+    if sock_pair:
+        return sock_pair(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    listen_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    listen_sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 0))
+    listen_sock.listen(1)
+    client_sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    client_sock.connect(listen_sock.getsockname())
+    server_sock, addr = listen_sock.accept()
+    listen_sock.close()
+    return server_sock, client_sock
+
+
+# OAuth related testing
+
+consumer1 = oauth.OAuthConsumer('K1', 'S1')
+token1 = oauth.OAuthToken('kkkk1', 'XYZ')
+consumer2 = oauth.OAuthConsumer('K2', 'S2')
+token2 = oauth.OAuthToken('kkkk2', 'ZYX')
+token3 = oauth.OAuthToken('kkkk3', 'ZYX')
+
+
+class TestingOAuthDataStore(oauth.OAuthDataStore):
+    """In memory predefined OAuthDataStore for testing."""
+
+    consumers = {
+        consumer1.key: consumer1,
+        consumer2.key: consumer2,
+        }
+
+    tokens = {
+        token1.key: token1,
+        token2.key: token2
+        }
+
+    def lookup_consumer(self, key):
+        return self.consumers.get(key)
+
+    def lookup_token(self, token_type, token_token):
+        return self.tokens.get(token_token)
+
+    def lookup_nonce(self, oauth_consumer, oauth_token, nonce):
+        return None
+
+testingOAuthStore = TestingOAuthDataStore()
+
+sign_meth_HMAC_SHA1 = oauth.OAuthSignatureMethod_HMAC_SHA1()
+sign_meth_PLAINTEXT = oauth.OAuthSignatureMethod_PLAINTEXT()
+
+
+def load_with_scenarios(loader, standard_tests, pattern):
+    """Load the tests in a given module.
+
+    This just applies testscenarios.generate_scenarios to all the tests that
+    are present. We do it at load time rather than at run time, because it
+    plays nicer with various tools.
+    """
+    suite = loader.suiteClass()
+    suite.addTests(testscenarios.generate_scenarios(standard_tests))
+    return suite
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_backends.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_backends.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c93589ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_backends.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1896 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""The backend class for U1DB. This deals with hiding storage details."""
+
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+from u1db import (
+    DocumentBase,
+    errors,
+    vectorclock,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+simple_doc = tests.simple_doc
+nested_doc = tests.nested_doc
+
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_remote_sync_target import (
+    make_http_app,
+    make_oauth_http_app,
+)
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_database,
+    )
+
+try:
+    from u1db.tests import c_backend_wrapper
+except ImportError:
+    c_backend_wrapper = None  # noqa
+
+
+def make_http_database_for_test(test, replica_uid, path='test'):
+    test.startServer()
+    test.request_state._create_database(replica_uid)
+    return http_database.HTTPDatabase(test.getURL(path))
+
+
+def copy_http_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    return test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+
+
+def make_oauth_http_database_for_test(test, replica_uid):
+    http_db = make_http_database_for_test(test, replica_uid, '~/test')
+    http_db.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                  tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return http_db
+
+
+def copy_oauth_http_database_for_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR
+    # HOUSE.
+    http_db = test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+    http_db.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                  tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return http_db
+
+
+class TestAlternativeDocument(DocumentBase):
+    """A (not very) alternative implementation of Document."""
+
+
+class AllDatabaseTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests, tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS + [
+        ('http', {'make_database_for_test': make_http_database_for_test,
+                  'copy_database_for_test': copy_http_database_for_test,
+                  'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                  'make_app_with_state': make_http_app}),
+        ('oauth_http', {'make_database_for_test':
+                        make_oauth_http_database_for_test,
+                        'copy_database_for_test':
+                        copy_oauth_http_database_for_test,
+                        'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                        'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app})
+        ] #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        self.db.close()
+
+    def test_create_doc_allocating_doc_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_doc_different_ids_same_db(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id)
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my-id')
+        self.assertEqual('my-id', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_doc_existing_id(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        new_content = '{"something": "else"}'
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.create_doc_from_json,
+            new_content, doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_creating_initial(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIsNot(None, new_rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_space_in_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my doc id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_update(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        doc.set_json('{"updated": "stuff"}')
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(new_rev, orig_rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_rev,
+                          '{"updated": "stuff"}', False)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, new_rev)
+
+    def test_put_non_ascii_key(self):
+        content = json.dumps({u'key\xe5': u'val'})
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
+
+    def test_put_non_ascii_value(self):
+        content = json.dumps({'key': u'\xe5'})
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content, doc_id='my_doc')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc', doc.rev, content, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_no_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document(None, None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+        doc = self.make_document("", None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_slashes(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('a/b', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+        doc = self.make_document(r'\b', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_url_quoting_is_fine(self):
+        doc_id = "%2F%2Ffoo%2Fbar"
+        doc = self.make_document(doc_id, None, simple_doc)
+        new_rev = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc_id, new_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_existing_old_rev(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'test:4', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_non_ascii_doc_id(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('d\xc3\xa5c-id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_put_fails_with_bad_old_rev(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        old_rev = doc.rev
+        bad_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'other:1',
+                                     '{"something": "else"}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.put_doc, bad_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', old_rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_create_succeeds_after_delete(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', new_doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
+            "%s does not supersede %s" % (new_doc.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
+
+    def test_put_succeeds_after_delete(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        deleted_doc = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id', include_deleted=True)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(deleted_doc.rev)
+        doc2 = self.make_document('my_doc_id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc2.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        new_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(
+            new_vc.is_newer(deleted_vc),
+            "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc2.rev, deleted_doc.rev))
+
+    def test_get_doc_after_put(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my_doc_id', doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_get_doc_nonexisting(self):
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('non-existing'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_include_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_get_docs(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_include_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc1, doc2],
+            list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id],
+                                  include_deleted=True)))
+
+    def test_get_docs_request_ordered(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])))
+        self.assertEqual([doc2, doc1],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc2.doc_id, doc1.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_empty_list(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], list(self.db.get_docs([])))
+
+    def test_handles_nested_content(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+    def test_handles_doc_with_null(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": null}')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, '{"key": null}', False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_rev, doc.rev)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_delete_doc_non_existent(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('non-existing', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentDoesNotExist, self.db.delete_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_already_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentAlreadyDeleted,
+                          self.db.delete_doc, doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_bad_rev(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict, self.db.delete_doc, doc2)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_delete_doc_sets_content_to_None(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertIs(None, doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_delete_doc_rev_supersedes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"fishy": "content"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        old_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        cur_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(old_rev)
+        deleted_vc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(deleted_vc.is_newer(cur_vc),
+                "%s does not supersede %s" % (doc.rev, old_rev))
+
+    def test_delete_then_put(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, False)
+        doc.set_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+
+class DocumentSizeTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_oversized_documents(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1)
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentTooBig, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_create_doc_refuses_oversized_documents(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.DocumentTooBig, self.db.create_doc_from_json, simple_doc,
+            doc_id='my_doc_id')
+
+    def test_set_document_size_limit_zero(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(0)
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.db.document_size_limit)
+
+    def test_set_document_size_limit(self):
+        self.db.set_document_size_limit(1000000)
+        self.assertEqual(1000000, self.db.document_size_limit)
+
+
+class LocalDatabaseTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_create_doc_different_ids_diff_db(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        db2 = self.create_database('other-uid')
+        doc2 = db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertNotEqual(doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id)
+
+    def test_put_doc_refuses_slashes_picky(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('/a', None, simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidDocId, self.db.put_doc, doc)
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_empty(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1]))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]), sorted(list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1])))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_exclude_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1]))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_include_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]),
+            sorted(list(self.db.get_all_docs(include_deleted=True)[1])))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_generation(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(2, self.db.get_all_docs()[0])
+
+    def test_simple_put_doc_if_newer(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('my-doc-id', 'test:1', simple_doc)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('inserted', 1), state_at_gen)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'my-doc-id', 'test:1', simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_simple_put_doc_if_newer_deleted(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{}', doc_id='my-doc-id')
+        doc = self.make_document('my-doc-id', 'test:2', None)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('inserted', 2), state_at_gen)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, 'my-doc-id', 'test:2', None, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_already_superseded(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        doc1_rev1 = doc1.rev
+        doc1.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc1)
+        doc1_rev2 = doc1.rev
+        # Nothing is inserted, because the document is already superseded
+        doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1_rev1, orig_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1_rev2, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        rev = doc1.rev
+        doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, "whatever:1", doc1.get_json())
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+        doc2 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        v2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(v2.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev("whatever:1")))
+        self.assertTrue(v2.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev)))
+        # strictly newer locally
+        self.assertTrue(rev not in doc2.rev)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_already_converged(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        state_at_gen = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc1, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(('converged', 1), state_at_gen)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        # Nothing is inserted, the document id is returned as would-conflict
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted', state)
+        # The database wasn't altered
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_newer_generation(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:2', simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='T-irrelevant')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_same_generation_same_txid(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='T-sid')
+        self.assertEqual('converged', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_wrong_transaction_id(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer, doc, save_conflict=False,
+            replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1, replica_trans_id='T-sad')
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_old_generation_older_doc(self):
+        orig_doc = '{"new": "doc"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(orig_doc)
+        doc_rev1 = doc.rev
+        doc.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 3, 'T-sid')
+        older_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, doc_rev1, simple_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            older_doc, save_conflict=False, replica_uid='other', replica_gen=8,
+            replica_trans_id='T-irrelevant')
+        self.assertEqual('superseded', state)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_old_generation_newer_doc(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 5, 'T-sid')
+        doc = self.make_document('doc_id', 'other:1', simple_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration,
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer, doc, save_conflict=False,
+            replica_uid='other', replica_gen=1, replica_trans_id='T-sad')
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_replica_uid(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|other:1',
+                                  nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('inserted',
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=False,
+                                      replica_uid='other', replica_gen=2,
+                                      replica_trans_id='T-id2')[0])
+        self.assertEqual((2, 'T-id2'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(
+            'other'))
+        # Compare to the old rev, should be superseded
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('superseded',
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=False,
+                                      replica_uid='other', replica_gen=3,
+                                      replica_trans_id='T-id3')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (3, 'T-id3'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+        # A conflict that isn't saved still records the sync gen, because we
+        # don't need to see it again
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|fourth:1',
+                                  '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted',
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=False,
+                                      replica_uid='other', replica_gen=4,
+                                      replica_trans_id='T-id4')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (4, 'T-id4'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+
+    def test__get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (0, ''), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db'))
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db', 2, 'T-transaction')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-transaction'),
+            self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-db'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_transaction_log(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        doc.set_json('{"something": "else"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_delete_updates_transaction_log(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        db_gen, _, _ = self.db.whats_changed()
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed(db_gen))
+
+    def test_whats_changed_initial_database(self):
+        self.assertEqual((0, '', []), self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_whats_changed_returns_one_id_for_multiple_changes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"new": "contents"}')
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, [(doc.doc_id, 2, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+        self.assertEqual((2, last_trans_id, []), self.db.whats_changed(2))
+
+    def test_whats_changed_returns_last_edits_ascending(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc.set_json('{"new": "contents"}')
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        delete_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        put_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((4, put_trans_id,
+                          [(doc1.doc_id, 3, delete_trans_id),
+                           (doc.doc_id, 4, put_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed())
+
+    def test_whats_changed_doesnt_include_old_gen(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual((3, last_trans_id, [(doc2.doc_id, 3, last_trans_id)]),
+                         self.db.whats_changed(2))
+
+
+class LocalDatabaseValidateGenNTransIdTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, trans_id = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id(gen, trans_id)
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id_invalid_txid(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, _ = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id, gen, 'wrong')
+
+    def test_validate_gen_and_trans_id_invalid_gen(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        gen, trans_id = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration,
+            self.db.validate_gen_and_trans_id, gen + 1, trans_id)
+
+
+class LocalDatabaseValidateSourceGenTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_validate_source_gen_and_trans_id_same(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.db._validate_source('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+
+    def test_validate_source_gen_newer(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.db._validate_source('other', 2, 'T-whatevs')
+
+    def test_validate_source_wrong_txid(self):
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-sid')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId,
+            self.db._validate_source, 'other', 1, 'T-sad')
+
+
+class LocalDatabaseWithConflictsTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+    # test supporting/functionality around storing conflicts
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id])))
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicts_ignored(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        no_conflict_doc = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1',
+                                             nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([no_conflict_doc, doc2],
+                         list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id],
+                                          check_for_conflicts=False)))
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual([alt_doc, doc],
+                         self.db.get_doc_conflicts(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        _, docs = self.db.get_all_docs()
+        self.assertTrue(list(docs)[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts_unconflicted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_doc_conflicts(doc.doc_id))
+
+    def test_get_doc_conflicts_no_such_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_doc_conflicts('doc-id'))
+
+    def test_resolve_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc.doc_id,
+            [('alternate:1', nested_doc), (doc.rev, simple_doc)])
+        orig_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc, [alt_doc.rev, doc.rev])
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_rev, doc.rev)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc.doc_id, [])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_picks_biggest_vcr(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+        orig_doc1_rev = doc1.rev
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc2.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertFalse(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertNotEqual(orig_doc1_rev, doc1.rev)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        vcr_1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(orig_doc1_rev)
+        vcr_2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        vcr_new = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(vcr_new.is_newer(vcr_1))
+        self.assertTrue(vcr_new.is_newer(vcr_2))
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_partial_not_winning(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+        content3 = '{"key": "valin3"}'
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'third:1', content3)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [(doc3.rev, content3),
+             (doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+             (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc2.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertTrue(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc3.rev, content3, True)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [(doc3.rev, content3),
+             (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_partial_winning(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        content3 = '{"key": "valin3"}'
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'third:1', content3)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc3.rev, content3),
+                                    (doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+                                    (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc3.rev, doc1.rev])
+        self.assertTrue(doc1.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc1.rev, simple_doc),
+                                    (doc2.rev, nested_doc)])
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_with_delete_conflict(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, None)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc2, [doc1.rev, doc2.rev])
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, False)
+
+    def test_resolve_doc_with_delete_to_delete(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+                                   [(doc2.rev, nested_doc),
+                                    (doc1.rev, None)])
+        self.db.resolve_doc(doc1, [doc1.rev, doc2.rev])
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_save_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        # Document is inserted as a conflict
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted', state)
+        # The database was updated
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, True)
+
+    def test_force_doc_conflict_supersedes_properly(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', '{"b": 1}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altalt:1', '{"c": 1}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='bar')
+        doc22 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:2', '{"b": 2}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc22, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='zed')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [('alternate:2', doc22.get_json()),
+             ('altalt:1', doc3.get_json()),
+             (doc1.rev, simple_doc)])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_save_conflict_was_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc1)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertTrue(doc2.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDoc(
+            self.db, doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc, True)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [('alternate:1', nested_doc), (doc1.rev, None)])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_propagates_full_resolution(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        resolved_vcr = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        vcr_2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc2.rev)
+        resolved_vcr.maximize(vcr_2)
+        resolved_vcr.increment('alternate')
+        doc_resolved = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, resolved_vcr.as_str(),
+                                '{"good": 1}')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_resolved, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+        self.assertFalse(doc_resolved.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id, [])
+        doc3 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        self.assertFalse(doc3.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_propagates_partial_resolution(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altalt:1', '{}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        doc3 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [('alternate:1', nested_doc), ('test:1', simple_doc),
+             ('altalt:1', '{}')])
+        resolved_vcr = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc1.rev)
+        vcr_3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc3.rev)
+        resolved_vcr.maximize(vcr_3)
+        resolved_vcr.increment('alternate')
+        doc_resolved = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, resolved_vcr.as_str(),
+                                          '{"good": 1}')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_resolved, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual('inserted', state)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_resolved.has_conflicts)
+        doc4 = self.db.get_doc(doc1.doc_id)
+        self.assertTrue(doc4.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertGetDocConflicts(self.db, doc1.doc_id,
+            [('alternate:2|test:1', '{"good": 1}'), ('altalt:1', '{}')])
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_replica_uid(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other', 1, 'T-id')
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|other:1',
+                                  nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=True,
+                                  replica_uid='other', replica_gen=2,
+                                  replica_trans_id='T-id2')
+        # Conflict vs the current update
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev + '|third:3',
+                                  '{}')
+        self.assertEqual('conflicted',
+            self.db._put_doc_if_newer(doc2, save_conflict=True,
+                replica_uid='other', replica_gen=3,
+                replica_trans_id='T-id3')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (3, 'T-id3'), self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other'))
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_2(self):
+        # this is an ordering variant of _3, but that already works
+        # adding the test explicitly to catch the regression easily
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2', "{}")
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1',
+                                      '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2|other:1', "{}")
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        self.assertFalse(self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id).has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_3(self):
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1', "{}")
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2',  '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:3', "{}")
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'superseded')
+        doc = self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id, True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        rev = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        rev_a3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:3')
+        rev_a1b1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:1|other:1')
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a3))
+        self.assertTrue('test:4' in doc.rev) # locally increased
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a1b1))
+
+    def test_put_doc_if_newer_autoresolve_4(self):
+        doc_a1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_a1b1 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:1|other:1', None)
+        doc_a2 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:2',  '{"a":"42"}')
+        doc_a3 = self.make_document(doc_a1.doc_id, 'test:3', None)
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a1b1, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'inserted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=2,
+            replica_trans_id='foo2')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'conflicted')
+        state, _ = self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc_a3, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=3,
+            replica_trans_id='foo3')
+        self.assertEqual(state, 'superseded')
+        doc = self.db.get_doc(doc_a1.doc_id, True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        rev = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        rev_a3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:3')
+        rev_a1b1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev('test:1|other:1')
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a3))
+        self.assertTrue('test:4' in doc.rev) # locally increased
+        self.assertTrue(rev.is_newer(rev_a1b1))
+
+    def test_put_refuses_to_update_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        content2 = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altrev:1', content2)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc1.doc_id, doc2.rev, content2, True)
+        content3 = '{"key": "local"}'
+        doc2.set_json(content3)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.ConflictedDoc, self.db.put_doc, doc2)
+
+    def test_delete_refuses_for_conflicted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'altrev:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, True)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.ConflictedDoc, self.db.delete_doc, doc2)
+
+
+class DatabaseIndexTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    scenarios = tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS #+ tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS
+
+    def assertParseError(self, definition):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.IndexDefinitionParseError, self.db.create_index, 'idx',
+            definition)
+
+    def assertIndexCreatable(self, definition):
+        name = "idx"
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index(name, definition)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(name, [definition])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'name')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['name'])],
+                         self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_on_non_ascii_field_name(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({u'\xe5': 'value'}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', u'\xe5')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_list_indexes_with_non_ascii_field_names(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', u'\xe5')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('test-idx', [u'\xe5'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_evaluates_it(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_wildcard_matches_unicode_value(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({"key": u"valu\xe5"}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_retrieve_unicode_value_from_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(json.dumps({"key": u"valu\xe5"}))
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', u"valu\xe5"))
+
+    def test_create_index_fails_if_name_taken(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.IndexNameTakenError,
+                          self.db.create_index,
+                          'test-idx', 'stuff')
+
+    def test_create_index_does_not_fail_if_name_taken_with_same_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['key'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_does_not_duplicate_indexed_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+
+    def test_delete_index_does_not_remove_fields_from_other_indexes(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx2', 'key')
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx2', 'value')))
+
+    def test_create_index_after_deleting_document(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_delete_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ['key'])], self.db.list_indexes())
+        self.db.delete_index('test-idx')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_adds_to_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_unmatched(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'novalue'))
+
+    def test_create_index_multiple_exact_matches(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi(self):
+        content = '{"key": "value", "key2": "value2"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi_list(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value", "key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-1'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-2'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-3'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('value', 'value2-1'), ('value', 'value2-2'),
+             ('value', 'value2-3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(
+            doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1',
+            '{"key": "value", "key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        docs = self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value', 'value2-1')
+        self.assertTrue(docs[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_multi_list_list(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1-1 value1-2 value1-3", '
+            '"key2": ["value2-1", "value2-2", "value2-3"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'split_words(key)', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(u'value1-1', u'value2-1'), (u'value1-1', u'value2-2'),
+             (u'value1-1', u'value2-3'), (u'value1-2', u'value2-1'),
+             (u'value1-2', u'value2-2'), (u'value1-2', u'value2-3'),
+             (u'value1-3', u'value2-1'), (u'value1-3', u'value2-2'),
+             (u'value1-3', u'value2-3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_multi_ordered(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'v*', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_start_end(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2', 'value3'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1, doc3],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_sees_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        alt_doc = self.make_document(
+            doc.doc_id, 'alternate:1', '{"key": "valuedepalue"}')
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            alt_doc, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        docs = self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'a')
+        self.assertTrue(docs[0].has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, 'value2'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value22"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc4, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'value2*'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value22"}')
+        doc5 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc5, doc3, doc4, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, 'value2*'))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_start_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "a"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "boo3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "catalyst"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "whaever"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "zerg"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc4],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', 'cat*', 'zap*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_start_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', ('value2', 'value2'), ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value3"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', None, ('value2', 'value3')))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', 'value2*')))
+
+    def test_get_wildcard_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index(
+                'test-idx', None, ('value2', 'value2*')))
+
+    def test_get_glob_range_from_index_multi_column_start(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value2"}')
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc2, doc1],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', ('value2', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_glob_range_from_index_multi_column_end(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value3", "key2": "value4"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value2", "key2": "value23"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value2"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key": "value1", "key2": "value1"}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key', 'key2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc4, doc3, doc2],
+            self.db.get_range_from_index('test-idx', None, ('value2', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', ('*', 'v2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', ('*', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order_end(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', None, ('*', 'v2'))
+
+    def test_get_range_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard_end(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_range_from_index, 'test-idx', None, ('*', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_fails_if_no_index(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.IndexDoesNotExist, self.db.get_from_index, 'foo')
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_fails_if_no_index(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.IndexDoesNotExist,
+                          self.db.get_index_keys,
+                          'foo')
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_works_if_no_docs(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        new_content = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc.set_json(new_content)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval'))
+
+    def test_delete_updates_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')))
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_number_of_entries(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex, self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v1')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidValueForIndex,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v1', 'v2', 'v3')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_wildcard_order(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', '*', 'v2')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_after_wildcard(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', '*', 'v*')
+
+    def test_get_all_from_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        # This one should not be in the index
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"no": "key"}')
+        diff_value_doc = '{"key": "diff value"}'
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(diff_value_doc)
+        # This is essentially a 'prefix' match, but we match every entry.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc4]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_all_from_index_ordered(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value x"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value b"}')
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value a"}')
+        doc4 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": "value m"}')
+        # This is essentially a 'prefix' match, but we match every entry.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc3, doc2, doc4, doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_put_updates_when_adding_key(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json("{}")
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+        doc.set_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_empty_string(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        content2 = '{"key": ""}'
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', ''))
+        # Empty string matches the wildcard.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*')))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_not_null(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key": null}')
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_get_partial_from_index(self):
+        content1 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}'
+        content2 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "x2"}'
+        content3 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "y2"}'
+        # doc4 has a different k1 value, so it doesn't match the prefix.
+        content4 = '{"k1": "NN", "k2": "v2"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc3]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', "v1", "*")))
+
+    def test_get_glob_match(self):
+        # Note: the exact glob syntax is probably subject to change
+        content1 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v1"}'
+        content2 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v2"}'
+        content3 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "v3"}'
+        # doc4 has a different k2 prefix value, so it doesn't match
+        content4 = '{"k1": "v1", "k2": "ZZ"}'
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc1, doc2, doc3]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', "v1", "v*")))
+
+    def test_nested_index(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.doc')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'underneath'))
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted([doc, doc2]),
+            sorted(self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'underneath')))
+
+    def test_nested_nonexistent(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        # sub exists, but sub.foo does not:
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.foo')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_nested_nonexistent2(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'sub.foo.bar.baz.qux.fnord')
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', '*'))
+
+    def test_nested_traverses_lists(self):
+        # subpath finds dicts in list
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"foo": [{"zap": "bar"}, {"zap": "baz"}]}')
+        # subpath only finds dicts in list
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"foo": ["zap", "baz"]}')
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'foo.zap')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'bar'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'baz'))
+
+    def test_nested_list_traversal(self):
+        # subpath finds dicts in list
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"foo": [{"zap": [{"qux": "fnord"}, {"qux": "zombo"}]},'
+            '{"zap": "baz"}]}')
+        # subpath only finds dicts in list
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'foo.zap.qux')
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'fnord'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'zombo'))
+
+    def test_index_list1(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": ["foo", "bar"]}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_list2(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": ["foo", "bar"]}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_case_sensitive(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'V*'))
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'v*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_before_value(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v*', 'v2')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_illegal_glob_after_glob(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'k1', 'k2')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGlobbing,
+            self.db.get_from_index, 'test-idx', 'v*', 'v*')
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_sql_wildcards(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        content1 = '{"key": "va%lue"}'
+        content2 = '{"key": "value"}'
+        content3 = '{"key": "va_lue"}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        doc3 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        # The '%' in the search should be treated literally, not as a sql
+        # globbing character.
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'va%*'))
+        # Same for '_'
+        self.assertEqual([doc3], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'va_*'))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_lower(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_lower_matches_same_case(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_lower_doesnt_match_different_case(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "Foo")
+        self.assertEqual([], rows)
+
+    def test_index_lower_doesnt_match_other_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "lower(name)")
+        self.db.create_index("other_index", "name")
+        content = '{"name": "Foo"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "Foo")
+        self.assertEqual(0, len(rows))
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_first(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_second(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_match_both(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo foo"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_double_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo  bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_leading_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": " foo bar"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "foo")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_index_split_words_trailing_space(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "split_words(name)")
+        content = '{"name": "foo bar "}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "bar")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_number(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 12}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "00012")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_number_bigger_than_padding(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 123456}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "123456")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_number_mapping_ignores_non_numbers(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "number(foo, 5)")
+        content = '{"foo": 56}'
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        content = '{"foo": "this is not a maigret painting"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "*")
+        self.assertEqual([doc1], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_bool(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": true}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "1")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_bool_false(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": false}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "0")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_non_bool(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "bool(foo)")
+        content = '{"foo": 42}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "*")
+        self.assertEqual([], rows)
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_combine(self):
+        self.db.create_index("index", "combine(foo, bar)")
+        content = '{"foo": "value1", "bar": "value2"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "value1")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "value2")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+
+    def test_get_complex_combine(self):
+        self.db.create_index(
+            "index", "combine(number(foo, 5), lower(bar), split_words(baz))")
+        content = '{"foo": 12, "bar": "ALLCAPS", "baz": "qux nox"}'
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        content = '{"foo": "not a number", "bar": "something"}'
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(content)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "00012")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "allcaps")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "nox")
+        self.assertEqual([doc], rows)
+        rows = self.db.get_from_index("index", "something")
+        self.assertEqual([doc2], rows)
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_from_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        content1 = '{"key": "value1"}'
+        content2 = '{"key": "value2"}'
+        content3 = '{"key": "value2"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [('value1',), ('value2',)],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_get_index_keys_from_multicolumn_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key1', 'key2')
+        content1 = '{"key1": "value1", "key2": "val2-1"}'
+        content2 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val2-2"}'
+        content3 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val2-2"}'
+        content4 = '{"key1": "value2", "key2": "val3"}'
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content1)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content2)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content3)
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(content4)
+        self.assertEqual([
+            ('value1', 'val2-1'),
+            ('value2', 'val2-2'),
+            ('value2', 'val3')],
+            sorted(self.db.get_index_keys('test-idx')))
+
+    def test_empty_expr(self):
+        self.assertParseError('')
+
+    def test_nested_unknown_operation(self):
+        self.assertParseError('unknown_operation(field1)')
+
+    def test_parse_missing_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(a")
+
+    def test_parse_trailing_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(ab))")
+
+    def test_parse_trailing_chars(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(ab)adsf")
+
+    def test_parse_empty_op(self):
+        self.assertParseError("(ab)")
+
+    def test_parse_top_level_commas(self):
+        self.assertParseError("a, b")
+
+    def test_invalid_field_name(self):
+        self.assertParseError("a.")
+
+    def test_invalid_inner_field_name(self):
+        self.assertParseError("lower(a.)")
+
+    def test_gobbledigook(self):
+        self.assertParseError("(@#@cc   @#!*DFJSXV(()jccd")
+
+    def test_leading_space(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("  lower(a)")
+
+    def test_trailing_space(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(a)  ")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_open_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower  (a)")
+
+    def test_spaces_after_open_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(  a)")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_close_paren(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("lower(a  )")
+
+    def test_spaces_before_comma(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("combine(a  , b  , c)")
+
+    def test_spaces_after_comma(self):
+        self.assertIndexCreatable("combine(a,  b,  c)")
+
+    def test_all_together_now(self):
+        self.assertParseError('    (a) ')
+
+    def test_all_together_now2(self):
+        self.assertParseError('combine(lower(x)x,foo)')
+
+
+class PythonBackendTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(PythonBackendTests, self).setUp()
+        self.simple_doc = json.loads(simple_doc)
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(doc, TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_doc_after_put_with_factory(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc, doc_id='my_doc_id')
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        result = self.db.get_doc('my_doc_id')
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(result, TestAlternativeDocument))
+        self.assertEqual(doc.doc_id, result.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, result.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.get_json(), result.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(False, result.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_get_doc_nonexisting_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('non-existing'))
+
+    def test_get_all_docs_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(
+            list(self.db.get_all_docs()[1])[0], TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_docs_conflicted_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, 'alternate:1', nested_doc)
+        self.db._put_doc_if_newer(
+            doc2, save_conflict=True, replica_uid='r', replica_gen=1,
+            replica_trans_id='foo')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            isinstance(
+                list(self.db.get_docs([doc1.doc_id]))[0],
+                TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_get_from_index_with_factory(self):
+        self.db.set_document_factory(TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertTrue(
+            isinstance(
+                self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value')[0],
+                TestAlternativeDocument))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_updates_indexes(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc(self.simple_doc)
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        new_content = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        other_rev = 'test:1|z:2'
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+
+        def ignore(doc_id, doc_rev, doc):
+            pass
+
+        doc_other = self.make_document(doc.doc_id, other_rev, new_content)
+        docs_by_gen = [(doc_other, 10, 'T-sid')]
+        st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=ignore)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, other_rev, new_content, False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [doc_other], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval'))
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+
+# Use a custom loader to apply the scenarios at load time.
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_document.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_document.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a0c0294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_document.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+
+from u1db import errors
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+
+class TestDocument(tests.TestCase):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'py', {'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test})]) #+
+        #tests.C_DATABASE_SCENARIOS)
+
+    def test_create_doc(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-id', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('uid:1', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(tests.simple_doc, doc.get_json())
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test__repr__(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '%s(doc-id, uid:1, \'{"key": "value"}\')'
+                % (doc.__class__.__name__,),
+            repr(doc))
+
+    def test__repr__conflicted(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-id', 'uid:1', tests.simple_doc,
+                                 has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            '%s(doc-id, uid:1, conflicted, \'{"key": "value"}\')'
+                % (doc.__class__.__name__,),
+            repr(doc))
+
+    def test__lt__(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('b', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a < doc_b)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_b > doc_a)
+        doc_aa = self.make_document('a', 'a', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_aa < doc_a)
+
+    def test__eq__(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a == doc_b)
+        doc_b = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}', has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a == doc_b)
+
+    def test_non_json_dict(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidJSON, self.make_document, 'id', 'uid:1',
+            '"not a json dictionary"')
+
+    def test_non_json(self):
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidJSON, self.make_document, 'id', 'uid:1',
+            'not a json dictionary')
+
+    def test_get_size(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{"some": "content"}')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len('a' + 'b' + '{"some": "content"}'), doc_a.get_size())
+
+    def test_get_size_empty_document(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', None)
+        self.assertEqual(len('a' + 'b'), doc_a.get_size())
+
+
+class TestPyDocument(tests.TestCase):
+
+    scenarios = ([(
+        'py', {'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test})])
+
+    def test_get_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertEqual({"content": ""}, doc.content)
+        doc.set_json('{"content": "new"}')
+        self.assertEqual({"content": "new"}, doc.content)
+
+    def test_set_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        doc.content = {"content": "new"}
+        self.assertEqual('{"content": "new"}', doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_set_bad_content(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidContent, setattr, doc, 'content',
+            '{"content": "new"}')
+
+    def test_is_tombstone(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+        doc_a.set_json(None)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+
+    def test_make_tombstone(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+        doc_a.make_tombstone()
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.is_tombstone())
+
+    def test_same_content_as(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document('a', 'b', '{}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document('d', 'e', '{}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+        doc_b = self.make_document('p', 'q', '{}', has_conflicts=True)
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+        doc_b.content['key'] = 'value'
+        self.assertFalse(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+
+    def test_same_content_as_json_order(self):
+        doc_a = self.make_document(
+            'a', 'b', '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        doc_b = self.make_document(
+            'c', 'd', '{"key2": "val2", "key1": "val1"}')
+        self.assertTrue(doc_a.same_content_as(doc_b))
+
+    def test_set_json(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        doc.set_json('{"content": "new"}')
+        self.assertEqual('{"content": "new"}', doc.get_json())
+
+    def test_set_json_non_dict(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidJSON, doc.set_json, '"is not a dict"')
+
+    def test_set_json_error(self):
+        doc = self.make_document('id', 'rev', '{"content":""}')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.InvalidJSON, doc.set_json, 'is not json')
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_app.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_app.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..73838613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_app.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1134 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Test the WSGI app."""
+
+import paste.fixture
+import sys
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+import StringIO
+
+from u1db import (
+    __version__ as _u1db_version,
+    errors,
+    sync,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_app,
+    http_errors,
+    )
+
+
+class TestFencedReader(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_init(self):
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(StringIO.StringIO(""), 25, 100)
+        self.assertEqual(25, reader.remaining)
+
+    def test_read_chunk(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcdef")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 5, 10)
+        data = reader.read_chunk(2)
+        self.assertEqual("ab", data)
+        self.assertEqual(2, inp.tell())
+        self.assertEqual(3, reader.remaining)
+
+    def test_read_chunk_remaining(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcdef")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 4, 10)
+        data = reader.read_chunk(9999)
+        self.assertEqual("abcd", data)
+        self.assertEqual(4, inp.tell())
+        self.assertEqual(0, reader.remaining)
+
+    def test_read_chunk_nothing_left(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abc")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 2, 10)
+        reader.read_chunk(2)
+        self.assertEqual(2, inp.tell())
+        self.assertEqual(0, reader.remaining)
+        data = reader.read_chunk(2)
+        self.assertEqual("", data)
+        self.assertEqual(2, inp.tell())
+        self.assertEqual(0, reader.remaining)
+
+    def test_read_chunk_kept(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcde")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 4, 10)
+        reader._kept = "xyz"
+        data = reader.read_chunk(2)  # atmost ignored
+        self.assertEqual("xyz", data)
+        self.assertEqual(0, inp.tell())
+        self.assertEqual(4, reader.remaining)
+        self.assertIsNone(reader._kept)
+
+    def test_getline(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abc\r\nde")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 6, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 6
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("abc\r\n", line)
+        self.assertEqual("d", reader._kept)
+
+    def test_getline_exact(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcd\r\nef")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 6, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 6
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("abcd\r\n", line)
+        self.assertIs(None, reader._kept)
+
+    def test_getline_no_newline(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcd")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 4, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 6
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("abcd", line)
+
+    def test_getline_many_chunks(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("abcde\r\nf")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 8, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 4
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("abcde\r\n", line)
+        self.assertEqual("f", reader._kept)
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("f", line)
+
+    def test_getline_empty(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 0, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 4
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("", line)
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("", line)
+
+    def test_getline_just_newline(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("\r\n")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 2, 10)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 4
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("\r\n", line)
+        line = reader.getline()
+        self.assertEqual("", line)
+
+    def test_getline_too_large(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("x" * 50)
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 50, 25)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 4
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, reader.getline)
+
+    def test_getline_too_large_complete(self):
+        inp = StringIO.StringIO("x" * 25 + "\r\n")
+        reader = http_app._FencedReader(inp, 50, 25)
+        reader.MAXCHUNK = 4
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, reader.getline)
+
+
+class TestHTTPMethodDecorator(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_args(self):
+        @http_app.http_method()
+        def f(self, a, b):
+            return self, a, b
+        res = f("self", {"a": "x", "b": "y"}, None)
+        self.assertEqual(("self", "x", "y"), res)
+
+    def test_args_missing(self):
+        @http_app.http_method()
+        def f(self, a, b):
+            return a, b
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, f, "self", {"a": "x"}, None)
+
+    def test_args_unexpected(self):
+        @http_app.http_method()
+        def f(self, a):
+            return a
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, f, "self",
+                                                  {"a": "x", "c": "z"}, None)
+
+    def test_args_default(self):
+        @http_app.http_method()
+        def f(self, a, b="z"):
+            return a, b
+        res = f("self", {"a": "x"}, None)
+        self.assertEqual(("x", "z"), res)
+
+    def test_args_conversion(self):
+        @http_app.http_method(b=int)
+        def f(self, a, b):
+            return self, a, b
+        res = f("self", {"a": "x", "b": "2"}, None)
+        self.assertEqual(("self", "x", 2), res)
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, f, "self",
+                                                  {"a": "x", "b": "foo"}, None)
+
+    def test_args_conversion_with_default(self):
+        @http_app.http_method(b=str)
+        def f(self, a, b=None):
+            return self, a, b
+        res = f("self", {"a": "x"}, None)
+        self.assertEqual(("self", "x", None), res)
+
+    def test_args_content(self):
+        @http_app.http_method()
+        def f(self, a, content):
+            return a, content
+        res = f(self, {"a": "x"}, "CONTENT")
+        self.assertEqual(("x", "CONTENT"), res)
+
+    def test_args_content_as_args(self):
+        @http_app.http_method(b=int, content_as_args=True)
+        def f(self, a, b):
+            return self, a, b
+        res = f("self", {"a": "x"}, '{"b": "2"}')
+        self.assertEqual(("self", "x", 2), res)
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, f, "self", {}, 'not-json')
+
+    def test_args_content_no_query(self):
+        @http_app.http_method(no_query=True,
+                              content_as_args=True)
+        def f(self, a='a', b='b'):
+            return a, b
+        res = f("self", {}, '{"b": "y"}')
+        self.assertEqual(('a', 'y'), res)
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, f, "self", {'a': 'x'},
+                          '{"b": "y"}')
+
+
+class TestResource(object):
+
+    @http_app.http_method()
+    def get(self, a, b):
+        self.args = dict(a=a, b=b)
+        return 'Get'
+
+    @http_app.http_method()
+    def put(self, a, content):
+        self.args = dict(a=a)
+        self.content = content
+        return 'Put'
+
+    @http_app.http_method(content_as_args=True)
+    def put_args(self, a, b):
+        self.args = dict(a=a, b=b)
+        self.order = ['a']
+        self.entries = []
+
+    @http_app.http_method()
+    def put_stream_entry(self, content):
+        self.entries.append(content)
+        self.order.append('s')
+
+    def put_end(self):
+        self.order.append('e')
+        return "Put/end"
+
+
+class parameters:
+    max_request_size = 200000
+    max_entry_size = 100000
+
+
+class TestHTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_get(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1&b=2', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        res = invoke()
+        self.assertEqual('Get', res)
+        self.assertEqual({'a': '1', 'b': '2'}, resource.args)
+
+    def test_put_json(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        body = '{"body": true}'
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO(body),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': str(len(body)),
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        res = invoke()
+        self.assertEqual('Put', res)
+        self.assertEqual({'a': '1'}, resource.args)
+        self.assertEqual('{"body": true}', resource.content)
+
+    def test_put_sync_stream(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        body = (
+            '[\r\n'
+            '{"b": 2},\r\n'        # args
+            '{"entry": "x"},\r\n'  # stream entry
+            '{"entry": "y"}\r\n'   # stream entry
+            ']'
+            )
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO(body),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': str(len(body)),
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        res = invoke()
+        self.assertEqual('Put/end', res)
+        self.assertEqual({'a': '1', 'b': 2}, resource.args)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['{"entry": "x"}', '{"entry": "y"}'], resource.entries)
+        self.assertEqual(['a', 's', 's', 'e'], resource.order)
+
+    def _put_sync_stream(self, body):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1&b=2', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO(body),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': str(len(body)),
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        invoke()
+
+    def test_put_sync_stream_wrong_start(self):
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "{}\r\n]")
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "\r\n{}\r\n]")
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "")
+
+    def test_put_sync_stream_wrong_end(self):
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n{}")
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n")
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n{}\r\n]\r\n...")
+
+    def test_put_sync_stream_missing_comma(self):
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n{}\r\n{}\r\n]")
+
+    def test_put_sync_stream_extra_comma(self):
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n{},\r\n]")
+
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest,
+                          self._put_sync_stream, "[\r\n{},\r\n{},\r\n]")
+
+    def test_bad_request_decode_failure(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': 'a=\xff', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('{}'),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '2',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_unsupported_content_type(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('{}'),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '2',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_content_length_too_large(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('{}'),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '10000',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain'}
+
+        resource.max_request_size = 5000
+        resource.max_entry_size = sys.maxint  # we don't get to use this
+
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_no_content_length(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('a'),
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_invalid_content_length(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('abc'),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '1unk',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_empty_body(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO(''),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '0',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_unsupported_method_get_like(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'DELETE'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_unsupported_method_put_like(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO('{}'),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': '2',
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+    def test_bad_request_unsupported_method_put_like_multi_json(self):
+        resource = TestResource()
+        body = '{}\r\n{}\r\n'
+        environ = {'QUERY_STRING': '', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST',
+                   'wsgi.input': StringIO.StringIO(body),
+                   'CONTENT_LENGTH': str(len(body)),
+                   'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-u1db-multi-json'}
+        invoke = http_app.HTTPInvocationByMethodWithBody(resource, environ,
+                                                         parameters)
+        self.assertRaises(http_app.BadRequest, invoke)
+
+
+class TestHTTPResponder(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def start_response(self, status, headers):
+        self.status = status
+        self.headers = dict(headers)
+        self.response_body = []
+
+        def write(data):
+            self.response_body.append(data)
+
+        return write
+
+    def test_send_response_content_w_headers(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.send_response_content('foo', headers={'x-a': '1'})
+        self.assertEqual('200 OK', self.status)
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/json',
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache',
+                          'x-a': '1', 'content-length': '3'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual(['foo'], responder.content)
+
+    def test_send_response_json(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.send_response_json(value='success')
+        self.assertEqual('200 OK', self.status)
+        expected_body = '{"value": "success"}\r\n'
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/json',
+                          'content-length': str(len(expected_body)),
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual([expected_body], responder.content)
+
+    def test_send_response_json_status_fail(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.send_response_json(400)
+        self.assertEqual('400 Bad Request', self.status)
+        expected_body = '{}\r\n'
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/json',
+                          'content-length': str(len(expected_body)),
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual([expected_body], responder.content)
+
+    def test_start_finish_response_status_fail(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.start_response(404, {'error': 'not found'})
+        responder.finish_response()
+        self.assertEqual('404 Not Found', self.status)
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/json',
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual(['{"error": "not found"}\r\n'], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual([], responder.content)
+
+    def test_send_stream_entry(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.content_type = "application/x-u1db-multi-json"
+        responder.start_response(200)
+        responder.start_stream()
+        responder.stream_entry({'entry': 1})
+        responder.stream_entry({'entry': 2})
+        responder.end_stream()
+        responder.finish_response()
+        self.assertEqual('200 OK', self.status)
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/x-u1db-multi-json',
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual(['[',
+                           '\r\n', '{"entry": 1}',
+                           ',\r\n', '{"entry": 2}',
+                          '\r\n]\r\n'], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual([], responder.content)
+
+    def test_send_stream_w_error(self):
+        responder = http_app.HTTPResponder(self.start_response)
+        responder.content_type = "application/x-u1db-multi-json"
+        responder.start_response(200)
+        responder.start_stream()
+        responder.stream_entry({'entry': 1})
+        responder.send_response_json(503, error="unavailable")
+        self.assertEqual('200 OK', self.status)
+        self.assertEqual({'content-type': 'application/x-u1db-multi-json',
+                          'cache-control': 'no-cache'}, self.headers)
+        self.assertEqual(['[',
+                           '\r\n', '{"entry": 1}'], self.response_body)
+        self.assertEqual([',\r\n', '{"error": "unavailable"}\r\n'],
+                         responder.content)
+
+
+class TestHTTPApp(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPApp, self).setUp()
+        self.state = tests.ServerStateForTests()
+        self.http_app = http_app.HTTPApp(self.state)
+        self.app = paste.fixture.TestApp(self.http_app)
+        self.db0 = self.state._create_database('db0')
+
+    def test_bad_request_broken(self):
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/doc/doc1', params='{"x": 1}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/foo'},
+                            expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+    def test_bad_request_dispatch(self):
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/foo/doc1', params='{"x": 1}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                            expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+    def test_version(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/')
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({"version": _u1db_version}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_create_database(self):
+        resp = self.app.put('/db1', params='{}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'ok': True}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+        resp = self.app.put('/db1', params='{}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'ok': True}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_delete_database(self):
+        resp = self.app.delete('/db0')
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_get_database(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0')
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_valid_database_names(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/a-database', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/db1', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/0', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/0-0', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/org.future', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+
+    def test_invalid_database_names(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/.a', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/-a', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+        resp = self.app.get('/_a', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+    def test_put_doc_create(self):
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/doc/doc1', params='{"x": 1}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        doc = self.db0.get_doc('doc1')
+        self.assertEqual(201, resp.status)  # created
+        self.assertEqual('{"x": 1}', doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'rev': doc.rev}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_put_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/doc/doc1?old_rev=%s' % doc.rev,
+                            params='{"x": 2}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        doc = self.db0.get_doc('doc1')
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('{"x": 2}', doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'rev': doc.rev}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_put_doc_too_large(self):
+        self.http_app.max_request_size = 15000
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/doc/doc1?old_rev=%s' % doc.rev,
+                            params='{"%s": 2}' % ('z' * 16000),
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                            expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+    def test_delete_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        resp = self.app.delete('/db0/doc/doc1?old_rev=%s' % doc.rev)
+        doc = self.db0.get_doc('doc1', include_deleted=True)
+        self.assertEqual(None, doc.content)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'rev': doc.rev}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/doc/%s' % doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual('{"x": 1}', resp.body)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, resp.header('x-u1db-rev'))
+        self.assertEqual('false', resp.header('x-u1db-has-conflicts'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_non_existing(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/doc/not-there', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": "document does not exist"}, json.loads(resp.body))
+        self.assertEqual('', resp.header('x-u1db-rev'))
+        self.assertEqual('false', resp.header('x-u1db-has-conflicts'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        self.db0.delete_doc(doc)
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/doc/doc1', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": errors.DocumentDoesNotExist.wire_description},
+            json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted_explicit_exclude(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        self.db0.delete_doc(doc)
+        resp = self.app.get(
+            '/db0/doc/doc1?include_deleted=false', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": errors.DocumentDoesNotExist.wire_description},
+            json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_deleted_doc(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        self.db0.delete_doc(doc)
+        resp = self.app.get(
+            '/db0/doc/doc1?include_deleted=true', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": errors.DOCUMENT_DELETED}, json.loads(resp.body))
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, resp.header('x-u1db-rev'))
+        self.assertEqual('false', resp.header('x-u1db-has-conflicts'))
+
+    def test_get_doc_non_existing_dabase(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/not-there/doc/doc1', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(404, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": "database does not exist"}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs(self):
+        doc1 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        doc2 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc2')
+        ids = ','.join([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs?doc_ids=%s' % ids)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            'application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        expected = [
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc1",
+             "has_conflicts": False},
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc2",
+             "has_conflicts": False}]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs_missing_doc_ids(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": "missing document ids"}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs_empty_doc_ids(self):
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs?doc_ids=', expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            {"error": "missing document ids"}, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs_percent(self):
+        doc1 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc%1')
+        doc2 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc2')
+        ids = ','.join([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs?doc_ids=%s' % ids)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            'application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        expected = [
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc%1",
+             "has_conflicts": False},
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc2",
+             "has_conflicts": False}]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        doc2 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc2')
+        self.db0.delete_doc(doc2)
+        ids = ','.join([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs?doc_ids=%s' % ids)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            'application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        expected = [
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc1",
+             "has_conflicts": False}]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_docs_include_deleted(self):
+        doc1 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        doc2 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc2')
+        self.db0.delete_doc(doc2)
+        ids = ','.join([doc1.doc_id, doc2.doc_id])
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/docs?doc_ids=%s&include_deleted=true' % ids)
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            'application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        expected = [
+            {"content": '{"x": 1}', "doc_rev": "db0:1", "doc_id": "doc1",
+             "has_conflicts": False},
+            {"content": None, "doc_rev": "db0:2", "doc_id": "doc2",
+             "has_conflicts": False}]
+        self.assertEqual(expected, json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_get_sync_info(self):
+        self.db0._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id', 1, 'T-transid')
+        resp = self.app.get('/db0/sync-from/other-id')
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual(dict(target_replica_uid='db0',
+                              target_replica_generation=0,
+                              target_replica_transaction_id='',
+                              source_replica_uid='other-id',
+                              source_replica_generation=1,
+                              source_transaction_id='T-transid'),
+                              json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_record_sync_info(self):
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/sync-from/other-id',
+            params='{"generation": 2, "transaction_id": "T-transid"}',
+            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({'ok': True}, json.loads(resp.body))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-transid'),
+            self.db0._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id'))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send(self):
+        entries = {
+            10: {'id': 'doc-here', 'rev': 'replica:1', 'content':
+                 '{"value": "here"}', 'gen': 10, 'trans_id': 'T-sid'},
+            11: {'id': 'doc-here2', 'rev': 'replica:1', 'content':
+                 '{"value": "here2"}', 'gen': 11, 'trans_id': 'T-sed'}
+            }
+
+        gens = []
+        _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id = \
+            self.db0._do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id
+
+        def set_sync_generation_witness(other_uid, other_gen, other_trans_id):
+            gens.append((other_uid, other_gen))
+            _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(
+                other_uid, other_gen, other_trans_id)
+            self.assertGetDoc(self.db0, entries[other_gen]['id'],
+                              entries[other_gen]['rev'],
+                              entries[other_gen]['content'], False)
+
+        self.patch(
+            self.db0, '_do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id',
+            set_sync_generation_witness)
+
+        args = dict(last_known_generation=0)
+        body = ("[\r\n" +
+                "%s,\r\n" % json.dumps(args) +
+                "%s,\r\n" % json.dumps(entries[10]) +
+                "%s\r\n" % json.dumps(entries[11]) +
+                "]\r\n")
+        resp = self.app.post('/db0/sync-from/replica',
+                            params=body,
+                            headers={'content-type':
+                                     'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/x-u1db-sync-stream',
+                         resp.header('content-type'))
+        bits = resp.body.split('\r\n')
+        self.assertEqual('[', bits[0])
+        last_trans_id = self.db0._get_transaction_log()[-1][1]
+        self.assertEqual({'new_generation': 2,
+                          'new_transaction_id': last_trans_id},
+                         json.loads(bits[1]))
+        self.assertEqual(']', bits[2])
+        self.assertEqual('', bits[3])
+        self.assertEqual([('replica', 10), ('replica', 11)], gens)
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send_ensure(self):
+        entries = {
+            10: {'id': 'doc-here', 'rev': 'replica:1', 'content':
+                 '{"value": "here"}', 'gen': 10, 'trans_id': 'T-sid'},
+            11: {'id': 'doc-here2', 'rev': 'replica:1', 'content':
+                 '{"value": "here2"}', 'gen': 11, 'trans_id': 'T-sed'}
+            }
+
+        args = dict(last_known_generation=0, ensure=True)
+        body = ("[\r\n" +
+                "%s,\r\n" % json.dumps(args) +
+                "%s,\r\n" % json.dumps(entries[10]) +
+                "%s\r\n" % json.dumps(entries[11]) +
+                "]\r\n")
+        resp = self.app.post('/dbnew/sync-from/replica',
+                            params=body,
+                            headers={'content-type':
+                                     'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/x-u1db-sync-stream',
+                         resp.header('content-type'))
+        bits = resp.body.split('\r\n')
+        self.assertEqual('[', bits[0])
+        dbnew = self.state.open_database("dbnew")
+        last_trans_id = dbnew._get_transaction_log()[-1][1]
+        self.assertEqual({'new_generation': 2,
+                          'new_transaction_id': last_trans_id,
+                          'replica_uid': dbnew._replica_uid},
+                         json.loads(bits[1]))
+        self.assertEqual(']', bits[2])
+        self.assertEqual('', bits[3])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send_entry_too_large(self):
+        self.patch(http_app.SyncResource, 'max_request_size', 20000)
+        self.patch(http_app.SyncResource, 'max_entry_size', 10000)
+        entries = {
+            10: {'id': 'doc-here', 'rev': 'replica:1', 'content':
+                 '{"value": "%s"}' % ('H' * 11000), 'gen': 10},
+            }
+        args = dict(last_known_generation=0)
+        body = ("[\r\n" +
+                "%s,\r\n" % json.dumps(args) +
+                "%s\r\n" % json.dumps(entries[10]) +
+                "]\r\n")
+        resp = self.app.post('/db0/sync-from/replica',
+                            params=body,
+                            headers={'content-type':
+                                     'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'},
+                             expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_receive(self):
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"value": "there"}')
+        doc2 = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"value": "there2"}')
+        args = dict(last_known_generation=0)
+        body = "[\r\n%s\r\n]" % json.dumps(args)
+        resp = self.app.post('/db0/sync-from/replica',
+                            params=body,
+                            headers={'content-type':
+                                     'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/x-u1db-sync-stream',
+                         resp.header('content-type'))
+        parts = resp.body.splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(5, len(parts))
+        self.assertEqual('[', parts[0])
+        last_trans_id = self.db0._get_transaction_log()[-1][1]
+        self.assertEqual({'new_generation': 2,
+                          'new_transaction_id': last_trans_id},
+                         json.loads(parts[1].rstrip(",")))
+        part2 = json.loads(parts[2].rstrip(","))
+        self.assertTrue(part2['trans_id'].startswith('T-'))
+        self.assertEqual('{"value": "there"}', part2['content'])
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, part2['rev'])
+        self.assertEqual(doc.doc_id, part2['id'])
+        self.assertEqual(1, part2['gen'])
+        part3 = json.loads(parts[3].rstrip(","))
+        self.assertTrue(part3['trans_id'].startswith('T-'))
+        self.assertEqual('{"value": "there2"}', part3['content'])
+        self.assertEqual(doc2.rev, part3['rev'])
+        self.assertEqual(doc2.doc_id, part3['id'])
+        self.assertEqual(2, part3['gen'])
+        self.assertEqual(']', parts[4])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_error_in_stream(self):
+        args = dict(last_known_generation=0)
+        body = "[\r\n%s\r\n]" % json.dumps(args)
+
+        def boom(self, return_doc_cb):
+            raise errors.Unavailable
+
+        self.patch(sync.SyncExchange, 'return_docs',
+                   boom)
+        resp = self.app.post('/db0/sync-from/replica',
+                            params=body,
+                            headers={'content-type':
+                                     'application/x-u1db-sync-stream'})
+        self.assertEqual(200, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/x-u1db-sync-stream',
+                         resp.header('content-type'))
+        parts = resp.body.splitlines()
+        self.assertEqual(3, len(parts))
+        self.assertEqual('[', parts[0])
+        self.assertEqual({'new_generation': 0, 'new_transaction_id': ''},
+                         json.loads(parts[1].rstrip(",")))
+        self.assertEqual({'error': 'unavailable'}, json.loads(parts[2]))
+
+
+class TestRequestHooks(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestRequestHooks, self).setUp()
+        self.state = tests.ServerStateForTests()
+        self.http_app = http_app.HTTPApp(self.state)
+        self.app = paste.fixture.TestApp(self.http_app)
+        self.db0 = self.state._create_database('db0')
+
+    def test_begin_and_done(self):
+        calls = []
+
+        def begin(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append('begin')
+
+        def done(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append('done')
+
+        self.http_app.request_begin = begin
+        self.http_app.request_done = done
+
+        doc = self.db0.create_doc_from_json('{"x": 1}', doc_id='doc1')
+        self.app.get('/db0/doc/%s' % doc.doc_id)
+
+        self.assertEqual(['begin', 'done'], calls)
+
+    def test_bad_request(self):
+        calls = []
+
+        def begin(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append('begin')
+
+        def bad_request(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append('bad-request')
+
+        self.http_app.request_begin = begin
+        self.http_app.request_bad_request = bad_request
+        # shouldn't be called
+        self.http_app.request_done = lambda env: 1 / 0
+
+        resp = self.app.put('/db0/foo/doc1', params='{"x": 1}',
+                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                            expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(400, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(['begin', 'bad-request'], calls)
+
+
+class TestHTTPErrors(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_wire_description_to_status(self):
+        self.assertNotIn("error", http_errors.wire_description_to_status)
+
+
+class TestHTTPAppErrorHandling(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPAppErrorHandling, self).setUp()
+        self.exc = None
+        self.state = tests.ServerStateForTests()
+
+        class ErroringResource(object):
+
+            def post(_, args, content):
+                raise self.exc
+
+        def lookup_resource(environ, responder):
+            return ErroringResource()
+
+        self.http_app = http_app.HTTPApp(self.state)
+        self.http_app._lookup_resource = lookup_resource
+        self.app = paste.fixture.TestApp(self.http_app)
+
+    def test_RevisionConflict_etc(self):
+        self.exc = errors.RevisionConflict()
+        resp = self.app.post('/req', params='{}',
+                             headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                             expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(409, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({"error": "revision conflict"},
+                         json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_Unavailable(self):
+        self.exc = errors.Unavailable
+        resp = self.app.post('/req', params='{}',
+                             headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                             expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(503, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({"error": "unavailable"},
+                         json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_generic_u1db_errors(self):
+        self.exc = errors.U1DBError()
+        resp = self.app.post('/req', params='{}',
+                             headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                             expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(500, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', resp.header('content-type'))
+        self.assertEqual({"error": "error"},
+                         json.loads(resp.body))
+
+    def test_generic_u1db_errors_hooks(self):
+        calls = []
+
+        def begin(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append('begin')
+
+        def u1db_error(environ, exc):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append(('error', exc))
+
+        self.http_app.request_begin = begin
+        self.http_app.request_u1db_error = u1db_error
+        # shouldn't be called
+        self.http_app.request_done = lambda env: 1 / 0
+
+        self.exc = errors.U1DBError()
+        resp = self.app.post('/req', params='{}',
+                             headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                             expect_errors=True)
+        self.assertEqual(500, resp.status)
+        self.assertEqual(['begin', ('error', self.exc)], calls)
+
+    def test_failure(self):
+        class Failure(Exception):
+            pass
+        self.exc = Failure()
+        self.assertRaises(Failure, self.app.post, '/req', params='{}',
+                          headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+
+    def test_failure_hooks(self):
+        class Failure(Exception):
+            pass
+        calls = []
+
+        def begin(environ):
+            calls.append('begin')
+
+        def failed(environ):
+            self.assertTrue('PATH_INFO' in environ)
+            calls.append(('failed', sys.exc_info()))
+
+        self.http_app.request_begin = begin
+        self.http_app.request_failed = failed
+        # shouldn't be called
+        self.http_app.request_done = lambda env: 1 / 0
+
+        self.exc = Failure()
+        self.assertRaises(Failure, self.app.post, '/req', params='{}',
+                          headers={'content-type': 'application/json'})
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(calls))
+        self.assertEqual('begin', calls[0])
+        marker, (exc_type, exc, tb) = calls[1]
+        self.assertEqual('failed', marker)
+        self.assertEqual(self.exc, exc)
+
+
+class TestPluggableSyncExchange(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestPluggableSyncExchange, self).setUp()
+        self.state = tests.ServerStateForTests()
+        self.state.ensure_database('foo')
+
+    def test_plugging(self):
+
+        class MySyncExchange(object):
+            def __init__(self, db, source_replica_uid, last_known_generation):
+                pass
+
+        class MySyncResource(http_app.SyncResource):
+            sync_exchange_class = MySyncExchange
+
+        sync_res = MySyncResource('foo', 'src', self.state, None)
+        sync_res.post_args(
+            {'last_known_generation': 0, 'last_known_trans_id': None}, '{}')
+        self.assertIsInstance(sync_res.sync_exch, MySyncExchange)
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1bb106c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_client.py
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Tests for HTTPDatabase"""
+
+from oauth import oauth
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_client,
+    )
+
+
+class TestEncoder(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_encode_string(self):
+        self.assertEqual("foo", http_client._encode_query_parameter("foo"))
+
+    def test_encode_true(self):
+        self.assertEqual("true", http_client._encode_query_parameter(True))
+
+    def test_encode_false(self):
+        self.assertEqual("false", http_client._encode_query_parameter(False))
+
+
+class TestHTTPClientBase(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPClientBase, self).setUp()
+        self.errors = 0
+
+    def app(self, environ, start_response):
+        if environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('echo'):
+            start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+            ret = {}
+            for name in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'PATH_INFO', 'QUERY_STRING'):
+                ret[name] = environ[name]
+            if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] in ('PUT', 'POST'):
+                ret['CONTENT_TYPE'] = environ['CONTENT_TYPE']
+                content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+                ret['body'] = environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length)
+            return [json.dumps(ret)]
+        elif environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('error_then_accept'):
+            if self.errors >= 3:
+                start_response(
+                    "200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                ret = {}
+                for name in ('REQUEST_METHOD', 'PATH_INFO', 'QUERY_STRING'):
+                    ret[name] = environ[name]
+                if environ['REQUEST_METHOD'] in ('PUT', 'POST'):
+                    ret['CONTENT_TYPE'] = environ['CONTENT_TYPE']
+                    content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+                    ret['body'] = '{"oki": "doki"}'
+                return [json.dumps(ret)]
+            self.errors += 1
+            content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+            error = json.loads(
+                environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length))
+            response = error['response']
+            # In debug mode, wsgiref has an assertion that the status parameter
+            # is a 'str' object. However error['status'] returns a unicode
+            # object.
+            status = str(error['status'])
+            if isinstance(response, unicode):
+                response = str(response)
+            if isinstance(response, str):
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+                return [str(response)]
+            else:
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                return [json.dumps(response)]
+        elif environ['PATH_INFO'].endswith('error'):
+            self.errors += 1
+            content_length = int(environ['CONTENT_LENGTH'])
+            error = json.loads(
+                environ['wsgi.input'].read(content_length))
+            response = error['response']
+            # In debug mode, wsgiref has an assertion that the status parameter
+            # is a 'str' object. However error['status'] returns a unicode
+            # object.
+            status = str(error['status'])
+            if isinstance(response, unicode):
+                response = str(response)
+            if isinstance(response, str):
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'text/plain')])
+                return [str(response)]
+            else:
+                start_response(status, [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                return [json.dumps(response)]
+        elif '/oauth' in environ['PATH_INFO']:
+            base_url = self.getURL('').rstrip('/')
+            oauth_req = oauth.OAuthRequest.from_request(
+                http_method=environ['REQUEST_METHOD'],
+                http_url=base_url + environ['PATH_INFO'],
+                headers={'Authorization': environ['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']},
+                query_string=environ['QUERY_STRING']
+            )
+            oauth_server = oauth.OAuthServer(tests.testingOAuthStore)
+            oauth_server.add_signature_method(tests.sign_meth_HMAC_SHA1)
+            try:
+                consumer, token, params = oauth_server.verify_request(
+                    oauth_req)
+            except oauth.OAuthError, e:
+                start_response("401 Unauthorized",
+                               [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+                return [json.dumps({"error": "unauthorized",
+                                          "message": e.message})]
+            start_response("200 OK", [('Content-Type', 'application/json')])
+            return [json.dumps([environ['PATH_INFO'], token.key, params])]
+
+    def make_app(self):
+        return self.app
+
+    def getClient(self, **kwds):
+        self.startServer()
+        return http_client.HTTPClientBase(self.getURL('dbase'), **kwds)
+
+    def test_construct(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        url = self.getURL()
+        cli = http_client.HTTPClientBase(url)
+        self.assertEqual(url, cli._url.geturl())
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+
+    def test_parse_url(self):
+        cli = http_client.HTTPClientBase(
+                                     '%s://127.0.0.1:12345/' % self.url_scheme)
+        self.assertEqual(self.url_scheme, cli._url.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1', cli._url.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(12345, cli._url.port)
+        self.assertEqual('/', cli._url.path)
+
+    def test__ensure_connection(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        self.assertIsNot(None, cli._conn)
+        conn = cli._conn
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        self.assertIs(conn, cli._conn)
+
+    def test_close(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._ensure_connection()
+        cli.close()
+        self.assertIs(None, cli._conn)
+
+    def test__request(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        res, headers = cli._request('PUT', ['echo'], {}, {})
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': '',
+                          'body': '{}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'PUT'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', 'echo'], {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual({'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/doc/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', '%FFFF', 'echo'], {'a': 1})
+        self.assertEqual({'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/doc/%FFFF/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'a=1',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET'}, json.loads(res))
+
+        res, headers = cli._request('POST', ['echo'], {'b': 2}, 'Body',
+                                   'application/x-test')
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/x-test',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': 'Body',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, json.loads(res))
+
+    def test__request_json(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        res, headers = cli._request_json(
+            'POST', ['echo'], {'b': 2}, {'a': 'x'})
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', headers['content-type'])
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/echo',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': '{"a": "x"}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, res)
+
+    def test_unspecified_http_error(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "500 Internal Error",
+                           'response': "Crash."})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "500 Internal Error",
+                               'response': "Fail."})
+        except errors.HTTPError, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(500, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("Fail.", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+
+    def test_revision_conflict(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.RevisionConflict,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "409 Conflict",
+                           'response': {"error": "revision conflict"}})
+
+    def test_unavailable_proper(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.Unavailable,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+                           'response': {"error": "unavailable"}})
+        self.assertEqual(5, self.errors)
+
+    def test_unavailable_then_available(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        res, headers = cli._request_json(
+            'POST', ['error_then_accept'], {'b': 2},
+            {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+             'response': {"error": "unavailable"}})
+        self.assertEqual('application/json', headers['content-type'])
+        self.assertEqual({'CONTENT_TYPE': 'application/json',
+                          'PATH_INFO': '/dbase/error_then_accept',
+                          'QUERY_STRING': 'b=2',
+                          'body': '{"oki": "doki"}',
+                          'REQUEST_METHOD': 'POST'}, res)
+        self.assertEqual(3, self.errors)
+
+    def test_unavailable_random_source(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli._delays = (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "503 Service Unavailable",
+                               'response': "random unavailable."})
+        except errors.Unavailable, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(503, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("random unavailable.", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+        self.assertEqual(5, self.errors)
+
+    def test_document_too_big(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DocumentTooBig,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "document too big"}})
+
+    def test_user_quota_exceeded(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UserQuotaExceeded,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "user quota exceeded"}})
+
+    def test_user_needs_subscription(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.SubscriptionNeeded,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "403 Forbidden",
+                           'response': {"error": "user needs subscription"}})
+
+    def test_generic_u1db_error(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.U1DBError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                           'response': {"error": "error"}})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                               'response': {"error": "error"}})
+        except errors.U1DBError, e:
+            pass
+        self.assertIs(e.__class__, errors.U1DBError)
+
+    def test_unspecified_bad_request(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          cli._request_json, 'POST', ['error'], {},
+                          {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                           'response': "<Bad Request>"})
+        try:
+            cli._request_json('POST', ['error'], {},
+                              {'status': "400 Bad Request",
+                               'response': "<Bad Request>"})
+        except errors.HTTPError, e:
+            pass
+
+        self.assertEqual(400, e.status)
+        self.assertEqual("<Bad Request>", e.message)
+        self.assertTrue("content-type" in e.headers)
+
+    def test_oauth(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                  tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+        params = {'x': u'\xf0', 'y': "foo"}
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', 'oauth'], params)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['/dbase/doc/oauth', tests.token1.key, params], json.loads(res))
+
+        # oauth does its own internal quoting
+        params = {'x': u'\xf0', 'y': "foo"}
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', 'oauth', 'foo bar'], params)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['/dbase/doc/oauth/foo bar', tests.token1.key, params],
+            json.loads(res))
+
+    def test_oauth_ctr_creds(self):
+        cli = self.getClient(creds={'oauth': {
+            'consumer_key': tests.consumer1.key,
+            'consumer_secret': tests.consumer1.secret,
+            'token_key': tests.token1.key,
+            'token_secret': tests.token1.secret,
+            }})
+        params = {'x': u'\xf0', 'y': "foo"}
+        res, headers = cli._request('GET', ['doc', 'oauth'], params)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ['/dbase/doc/oauth', tests.token1.key, params], json.loads(res))
+
+    def test_unknown_creds(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UnknownAuthMethod,
+                          self.getClient, creds={'foo': {}})
+        self.assertRaises(errors.UnknownAuthMethod,
+                          self.getClient, creds={})
+
+    def test_oauth_Unauthorized(self):
+        cli = self.getClient()
+        cli.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                  tests.token1.key, "WRONG")
+        params = {'y': 'foo'}
+        self.assertRaises(errors.Unauthorized, cli._request, 'GET',
+                          ['doc', 'oauth'], params)
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dc20b6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_http_database.py
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Tests for HTTPDatabase"""
+
+import inspect
+try:
+    import simplejson as json
+except ImportError:
+    import json  # noqa
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    Document,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_database,
+    http_target,
+    )
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_remote_sync_target import (
+    make_http_app,
+)
+
+
+class TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPDatabaseSimpleOperations, self).setUp()
+        self.db = http_database.HTTPDatabase('dbase')
+        self.db._conn = object()  # crash if used
+        self.got = None
+        self.response_val = None
+
+        def _request(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                                                     content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        def _request_json(method, url_parts, params=None, body=None,
+                                                          content_type=None):
+            self.got = method, url_parts, params, body, content_type
+            if isinstance(self.response_val, Exception):
+                raise self.response_val
+            return self.response_val
+
+        self.db._request = _request
+        self.db._request_json = _request_json
+
+    def test__sanity_same_signature(self):
+        my_request_sig = inspect.getargspec(self.db._request)
+        my_request_sig = (['self'] + my_request_sig[0],) + my_request_sig[1:]
+        self.assertEqual(my_request_sig,
+                       inspect.getargspec(http_database.HTTPDatabase._request))
+        my_request_json_sig = inspect.getargspec(self.db._request_json)
+        my_request_json_sig = ((['self'] + my_request_json_sig[0],) +
+                               my_request_json_sig[1:])
+        self.assertEqual(my_request_json_sig,
+                  inspect.getargspec(http_database.HTTPDatabase._request_json))
+
+    def test__ensure(self):
+        self.response_val = {'ok': True}, {}
+        self.db._ensure()
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', [], {}, {}, None), self.got)
+
+    def test__delete(self):
+        self.response_val = {'ok': True}, {}
+        self.db._delete()
+        self.assertEqual(('DELETE', [], {}, {}, None), self.got)
+
+    def test__check(self):
+        self.response_val = {}, {}
+        res = self.db._check()
+        self.assertEqual({}, res)
+        self.assertEqual(('GET', [], None, None, None), self.got)
+
+    def test_put_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev'}, {}
+        doc = Document('doc-id', None, '{"v": 1}')
+        res = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', res)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {},
+                          '{"v": 1}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-2'}, {}
+        doc.content = {"v": 2}
+        res = self.db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', res)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'old_rev': 'doc-rev'},
+                          '{"v": 2}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = '{"v": 2}', {'x-u1db-rev': 'doc-rev',
+                                         'x-u1db-has-conflicts': 'false'}
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'doc-id', 'doc-rev', '{"v": 2}', False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'include_deleted': False}, None, None),
+            self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_non_existing(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.DocumentDoesNotExist()
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('not-there'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'not-there'], {'include_deleted': False}, None,
+             None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.DocumentDoesNotExist()
+        self.assertIs(None, self.db.get_doc('deleted'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'deleted'], {'include_deleted': False}, None,
+             None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_deleted_include_deleted(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.HTTPError(404,
+                                             json.dumps(
+                                             {"error": errors.DOCUMENT_DELETED}
+                                             ),
+                                             {'x-u1db-rev': 'doc-rev-gone',
+                                              'x-u1db-has-conflicts': 'false'})
+        doc = self.db.get_doc('deleted', include_deleted=True)
+        self.assertEqual('deleted', doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-gone', doc.rev)
+        self.assertIs(None, doc.content)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('GET', ['doc', 'deleted'], {'include_deleted': True}, None, None),
+            self.got)
+
+    def test_get_doc_pass_through_errors(self):
+        self.response_val = errors.HTTPError(500, 'Crash.')
+        self.assertRaises(errors.HTTPError,
+                          self.db.get_doc, 'something-something')
+
+    def test_create_doc_with_id(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev'}, {}
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"v": 1}', doc_id='doc-id')
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev', new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-id', new_doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual('{"v": 1}', new_doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {},
+                          '{"v": 1}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_create_doc_without_id(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-2'}, {}
+        new_doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"v": 3}')
+        self.assertEqual('D-', new_doc.doc_id[:2])
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-2', new_doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual('{"v": 3}', new_doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(('PUT', ['doc', new_doc.doc_id], {},
+                          '{"v": 3}', 'application/json'), self.got)
+
+    def test_delete_doc(self):
+        self.response_val = {'rev': 'doc-rev-gone'}, {}
+        doc = Document('doc-id', 'doc-rev', None)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertEqual('doc-rev-gone', doc.rev)
+        self.assertEqual(('DELETE', ['doc', 'doc-id'], {'old_rev': 'doc-rev'},
+                          None, None), self.got)
+
+    def test_get_sync_target(self):
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+        self.assertIsInstance(st, http_target.HTTPSyncTarget)
+        self.assertEqual(st._url, self.db._url)
+
+    def test_get_sync_target_inherits_oauth_credentials(self):
+        self.db.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key,
+                                      tests.consumer1.secret,
+                                      tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+        st = self.db.get_sync_target()
+        self.assertEqual(self.db._creds, st._creds)
+
+
+class TestHTTPDatabaseCtrWithCreds(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_ctr_with_creds(self):
+        db1 = http_database.HTTPDatabase('http://dbs/db', creds={'oauth': {
+            'consumer_key': tests.consumer1.key,
+            'consumer_secret': tests.consumer1.secret,
+            'token_key': tests.token1.key,
+            'token_secret': tests.token1.secret
+            }})
+        self.assertIn('oauth',  db1._creds)
+
+
+class TestHTTPDatabaseIntegration(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    make_app_with_state = staticmethod(make_http_app)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestHTTPDatabaseIntegration, self).setUp()
+        self.startServer()
+
+    def test_non_existing_db(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('not-there'))
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist, db.get_doc, 'doc1')
+
+    def test__ensure(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('new'))
+        db._ensure()
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test__delete(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase(self.getURL('db0'))
+        db._delete()
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_open_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_open_database_non_existing(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database,
+                          self.getURL('not-there'),
+                          create=False)
+
+    def test_open_database_create(self):
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('new'),
+                                                      create=True)
+        self.assertIs(None, db.get_doc('doc1'))
+
+    def test_delete_database_existing(self):
+        self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        http_database.HTTPDatabase.delete_database(self.getURL('db0'))
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          self.request_state.check_database, 'db0')
+
+    def test_doc_ids_needing_quoting(self):
+        db0 = self.request_state._create_database('db0')
+        db = http_database.HTTPDatabase.open_database(self.getURL('db0'),
+                                                      create=False)
+        doc = Document('%fff', None, '{}')
+        db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db0, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db, '%fff', doc.rev, '{}', False)
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_https.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_https.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f4541d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_https.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Test support for client-side https support."""
+
+import os
+import ssl
+import sys
+
+from paste import httpserver
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_client,
+    http_target,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_remote_sync_target import (
+    make_oauth_http_app,
+    )
+
+
+def https_server_def():
+    def make_server(host_port, application):
+        from OpenSSL import SSL
+        cert_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testing-certs',
+                                 'testing.cert')
+        key_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testing-certs',
+                                'testing.key')
+        ssl_context = SSL.Context(SSL.SSLv23_METHOD)
+        ssl_context.use_privatekey_file(key_file)
+        ssl_context.use_certificate_chain_file(cert_file)
+        srv = httpserver.WSGIServerBase(application, host_port,
+                                        httpserver.WSGIHandler,
+                                        ssl_context=ssl_context
+                                        )
+
+        def shutdown_request(req):
+            req.shutdown()
+            srv.close_request(req)
+
+        srv.shutdown_request = shutdown_request
+        application.base_url = "https://localhost:%s" % srv.server_address[1]
+        return srv
+    return make_server, "shutdown", "https"
+
+
+def oauth_https_sync_target(test, host, path):
+    _, port = test.server.server_address
+    st = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget('https://%s:%d/~/%s' % (host, port, path))
+    st.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                             tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return st
+
+
+class TestHttpSyncTargetHttpsSupport(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = [
+        ('oauth_https', {'server_def': https_server_def,
+                         'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app,
+                         'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                         'sync_target': oauth_https_sync_target
+                         }),
+        ]
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        try:
+            import OpenSSL  # noqa
+        except ImportError:
+            self.skipTest("Requires pyOpenSSL")
+        self.cacert_pem = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),
+                                       'testing-certs', 'cacert.pem')
+        super(TestHttpSyncTargetHttpsSupport, self).setUp()
+
+    def getSyncTarget(self, host, path=None):
+        if self.server is None:
+            self.startServer()
+        return self.sync_target(self, host, path)
+
+    def test_working(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        self.patch(http_client, 'CA_CERTS', self.cacert_pem)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('localhost', 'test')
+        remote_target.record_sync_info('other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-id'), db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id'))
+
+    def test_cannot_verify_cert(self):
+        if not sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            self.skipTest(
+                "XXX certificate verification happens on linux only for now")
+        self.startServer()
+        # don't print expected traceback server-side
+        self.server.handle_error = lambda req, cli_addr: None
+        self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('localhost', 'test')
+        try:
+            remote_target.record_sync_info('other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+        except ssl.SSLError, e:
+            self.assertIn("certificate verify failed", str(e))
+        else:
+            self.fail("certificate verification should have failed.")
+
+    def test_host_mismatch(self):
+        if not sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+            self.skipTest(
+                "XXX certificate verification happens on linux only for now")
+        self.startServer()
+        self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        self.patch(http_client, 'CA_CERTS', self.cacert_pem)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('127.0.0.1', 'test')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            http_client.CertificateError, remote_target.record_sync_info,
+            'other-id', 2, 'T-id')
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_open.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_open.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88312402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_open.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Test u1db.open"""
+
+import os
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    open as u1db_open,
+    )
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+from u1db.backends import sqlite_backend
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_backends import TestAlternativeDocument
+
+
+class TestU1DBOpen(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestU1DBOpen, self).setUp()
+        tmpdir = self.createTempDir()
+        self.db_path = tmpdir + '/test.db'
+
+    def test_open_no_create(self):
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          u1db_open, self.db_path, create=False)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+
+    def test_open_create(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(self.db_path))
+        self.assertIsInstance(db, sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase)
+
+    def test_open_with_factory(self):
+        db = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True,
+                       document_factory=TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        self.assertEqual(TestAlternativeDocument, db._factory)
+
+    def test_open_existing(self):
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.db_path)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        # Even though create=True, we shouldn't wipe the db
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=True)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        doc2 = db2.get_doc(doc.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc, doc2)
+
+    def test_open_existing_no_create(self):
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(self.db_path)
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        db2 = u1db_open(self.db_path, create=False)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_remote_sync_target.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_remote_sync_target.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f69073d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_remote_sync_target.py
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Tests for the remote sync targets"""
+
+import cStringIO
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_app,
+    http_target,
+    oauth_middleware,
+    )
+
+
+class TestHTTPSyncTargetBasics(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_parse_url(self):
+        remote_target = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget('http://127.0.0.1:12345/')
+        self.assertEqual('http', remote_target._url.scheme)
+        self.assertEqual('127.0.0.1', remote_target._url.hostname)
+        self.assertEqual(12345, remote_target._url.port)
+        self.assertEqual('/', remote_target._url.path)
+
+
+class TestParsingSyncStream(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_wrong_start(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "{}\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "\r\n{}\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "", None)
+
+    def test_wrong_end(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n{}", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n", None)
+
+    def test_missing_comma(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{}\r\n{"id": "i", "rev": "r", '
+                          '"content": "c", "gen": 3}\r\n]', None)
+
+    def test_no_entries(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n]", None)
+
+    def test_extra_comma(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream, "[\r\n{},\r\n]", None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{},\r\n{"id": "i", "rev": "r", '
+                          '"content": "{}", "gen": 3, "trans_id": "T-sid"}'
+                          ',\r\n]',
+                          lambda doc, gen, trans_id: None)
+
+    def test_error_in_stream(self):
+        tgt = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget("http://foo/foo")
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.Unavailable,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"new_generation": 0},'
+                          '\r\n{"error": "unavailable"}\r\n', None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.Unavailable,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"error": "unavailable"}\r\n', None)
+
+        self.assertRaises(errors.BrokenSyncStream,
+                          tgt._parse_sync_stream,
+                          '[\r\n{"error": "?"}\r\n', None)
+
+
+def make_http_app(state):
+    return http_app.HTTPApp(state)
+
+
+def http_sync_target(test, path):
+    return http_target.HTTPSyncTarget(test.getURL(path))
+
+
+def make_oauth_http_app(state):
+    app = http_app.HTTPApp(state)
+    application = oauth_middleware.OAuthMiddleware(app, None, prefix='/~/')
+    application.get_oauth_data_store = lambda: tests.testingOAuthStore
+    return application
+
+
+def oauth_http_sync_target(test, path):
+    st = http_sync_target(test, '~/' + path)
+    st.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                             tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return st
+
+
+class TestRemoteSyncTargets(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = [
+        ('http', {'make_app_with_state': make_http_app,
+                  'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                  'sync_target': http_sync_target}),
+        ('oauth_http', {'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app,
+                        'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+                        'sync_target': oauth_http_sync_target}),
+        ]
+
+    def getSyncTarget(self, path=None):
+        if self.server is None:
+            self.startServer()
+        return self.sync_target(self, path)
+
+    def test_get_sync_info(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        db._set_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id', 1, 'T-transid')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        self.assertEqual(('test', 0, '', 1, 'T-transid'),
+                         remote_target.get_sync_info('other-id'))
+
+    def test_record_sync_info(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        remote_target.record_sync_info('other-id', 2, 'T-transid')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (2, 'T-transid'), db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('other-id'))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        other_docs = []
+
+        def receive_doc(doc):
+            other_docs.append((doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json()))
+
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}')
+        new_gen, trans_id = remote_target.sync_exchange(
+            [(doc, 10, 'T-sid')], 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(1, new_gen)
+        self.assertGetDoc(
+            db, 'doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}', False)
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send_failure_and_retry_scenario(self):
+        self.startServer()
+
+        def blackhole_getstderr(inst):
+            return cStringIO.StringIO()
+
+        self.patch(self.server.RequestHandlerClass, 'get_stderr',
+                   blackhole_getstderr)
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        _put_doc_if_newer = db._put_doc_if_newer
+        trigger_ids = ['doc-here2']
+
+        def bomb_put_doc_if_newer(doc, save_conflict,
+                                  replica_uid=None, replica_gen=None,
+                                  replica_trans_id=None):
+            if doc.doc_id in trigger_ids:
+                raise Exception
+            return _put_doc_if_newer(doc, save_conflict=save_conflict,
+                replica_uid=replica_uid, replica_gen=replica_gen,
+                replica_trans_id=replica_trans_id)
+        self.patch(db, '_put_doc_if_newer', bomb_put_doc_if_newer)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        other_changes = []
+
+        def receive_doc(doc, gen, trans_id):
+            other_changes.append(
+                (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json(), gen, trans_id))
+
+        doc1 = self.make_document('doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}')
+        doc2 = self.make_document('doc-here2', 'replica:1',
+                                  '{"value": "here2"}')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.HTTPError,
+            remote_target.sync_exchange,
+            [(doc1, 10, 'T-sid'), (doc2, 11, 'T-sud')],
+            'replica', last_known_generation=0, last_known_trans_id=None,
+            return_doc_cb=receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db, 'doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}',
+                          False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (10, 'T-sid'), db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('replica'))
+        self.assertEqual([], other_changes)
+        # retry
+        trigger_ids = []
+        new_gen, trans_id = remote_target.sync_exchange(
+            [(doc2, 11, 'T-sud')], 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(db, 'doc-here2', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here2"}',
+                          False)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (11, 'T-sud'), db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('replica'))
+        self.assertEqual(2, new_gen)
+        # bounced back to us
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}', 1),
+            other_changes[0][:-1])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_in_stream_error(self):
+        self.startServer()
+
+        def blackhole_getstderr(inst):
+            return cStringIO.StringIO()
+
+        self.patch(self.server.RequestHandlerClass, 'get_stderr',
+                   blackhole_getstderr)
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json('{"value": "there"}')
+
+        def bomb_get_docs(doc_ids, check_for_conflicts=None,
+                          include_deleted=False):
+            yield doc
+            # delayed failure case
+            raise errors.Unavailable
+
+        self.patch(db, 'get_docs', bomb_get_docs)
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        other_changes = []
+
+        def receive_doc(doc, gen, trans_id):
+            other_changes.append(
+                (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json(), gen, trans_id))
+
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.Unavailable, remote_target.sync_exchange, [], 'replica',
+            last_known_generation=0, last_known_trans_id=None,
+            return_doc_cb=receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, '{"value": "there"}', 1),
+            other_changes[0][:-1])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_receive(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        db = self.request_state._create_database('test')
+        doc = db.create_doc_from_json('{"value": "there"}')
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        other_changes = []
+
+        def receive_doc(doc, gen, trans_id):
+            other_changes.append(
+                (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json(), gen, trans_id))
+
+        new_gen, trans_id = remote_target.sync_exchange(
+            [], 'replica', last_known_generation=0, last_known_trans_id=None,
+            return_doc_cb=receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(1, new_gen)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, '{"value": "there"}', 1),
+            other_changes[0][:-1])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_send_ensure_callback(self):
+        self.startServer()
+        remote_target = self.getSyncTarget('test')
+        other_docs = []
+        replica_uid_box = []
+
+        def receive_doc(doc):
+            other_docs.append((doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json()))
+
+        def ensure_cb(replica_uid):
+            replica_uid_box.append(replica_uid)
+
+        doc = self.make_document('doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}')
+        new_gen, trans_id = remote_target.sync_exchange(
+            [(doc, 10, 'T-sid')], 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=receive_doc,
+            ensure_callback=ensure_cb)
+        self.assertEqual(1, new_gen)
+        db = self.request_state.open_database('test')
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(replica_uid_box))
+        self.assertEqual(db._replica_uid, replica_uid_box[0])
+        self.assertGetDoc(
+            db, 'doc-here', 'replica:1', '{"value": "here"}', False)
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sqlite_backend.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sqlite_backend.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..081d3ae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sqlite_backend.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+# Copyright 2011 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""Test sqlite backend internals."""
+
+import os
+import time
+import threading
+
+from sqlite3 import dbapi2
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    query_parser,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.backends import sqlite_backend
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_backends import TestAlternativeDocument
+
+
+simple_doc = '{"key": "value"}'
+nested_doc = '{"key": "value", "sub": {"doc": "underneath"}}'
+
+
+class TestSQLiteDatabase(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def test_atomic_initialize(self):
+        tmpdir = self.createTempDir()
+        dbname = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'atomic.db')
+
+        t2 = None  # will be a thread
+
+        class SQLiteDatabaseTesting(sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase):
+            _index_storage_value = "testing"
+
+            def __init__(self, dbname, ntry):
+                self._try = ntry
+                self._is_initialized_invocations = 0
+                super(SQLiteDatabaseTesting, self).__init__(dbname)
+
+            def _is_initialized(self, c):
+                res = super(SQLiteDatabaseTesting, self)._is_initialized(c)
+                if self._try == 1:
+                    self._is_initialized_invocations += 1
+                    if self._is_initialized_invocations == 2:
+                        t2.start()
+                        # hard to do better and have a generic test
+                        time.sleep(0.05)
+                return res
+
+        outcome2 = []
+
+        def second_try():
+            try:
+                db2 = SQLiteDatabaseTesting(dbname, 2)
+            except Exception, e:
+                outcome2.append(e)
+            else:
+                outcome2.append(db2)
+
+        t2 = threading.Thread(target=second_try)
+        db1 = SQLiteDatabaseTesting(dbname, 1)
+        t2.join()
+
+        self.assertIsInstance(outcome2[0], SQLiteDatabaseTesting)
+        db2 = outcome2[0]
+        self.assertTrue(db2._is_initialized(db1._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()))
+
+
+class TestSQLitePartialExpandDatabase(tests.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestSQLitePartialExpandDatabase, self).setUp()
+        self.db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+        self.db._set_replica_uid('test')
+
+    def test_create_database(self):
+        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
+        self.assertNotEqual(None, raw_db)
+
+    def test_default_replica_uid(self):
+        self.db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+        self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._replica_uid)
+        self.assertEqual(32, len(self.db._replica_uid))
+        int(self.db._replica_uid, 16)
+
+    def test__close_sqlite_handle(self):
+        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
+        self.db._close_sqlite_handle()
+        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.ProgrammingError,
+            raw_db.cursor)
+
+    def test_create_database_initializes_schema(self):
+        raw_db = self.db._get_sqlite_handle()
+        c = raw_db.cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM u1db_config")
+        config = dict([(r[0], r[1]) for r in c.fetchall()])
+        self.assertEqual({'sql_schema': '0', 'replica_uid': 'test',
+                          'index_storage': 'expand referenced'}, config)
+
+        # These tables must exist, though we don't care what is in them yet
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM transaction_log")
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM document")
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM document_fields")
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM sync_log")
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM conflicts")
+        c.execute("SELECT * FROM index_definitions")
+
+    def test__parse_index(self):
+        self.db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+        g = self.db._parse_index_definition('fieldname')
+        self.assertIsInstance(g, query_parser.ExtractField)
+        self.assertEqual(['fieldname'], g.field)
+
+    def test__update_indexes(self):
+        self.db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+        g = self.db._parse_index_definition('fieldname')
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        self.db._update_indexes('doc-id', {'fieldname': 'val'},
+                                [('fieldname', g)], c)
+        c.execute('SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields')
+        self.assertEqual([('doc-id', 'fieldname', 'val')],
+                         c.fetchall())
+
+    def test__set_replica_uid(self):
+        # Start from scratch, so that replica_uid isn't set.
+        self.db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(':memory:')
+        self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._real_replica_uid)
+        self.assertIsNot(None, self.db._replica_uid)
+        self.db._set_replica_uid('foo')
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT value FROM u1db_config WHERE name='replica_uid'")
+        self.assertEqual(('foo',), c.fetchone())
+        self.assertEqual('foo', self.db._real_replica_uid)
+        self.assertEqual('foo', self.db._replica_uid)
+        self.db._close_sqlite_handle()
+        self.assertEqual('foo', self.db._replica_uid)
+
+    def test__get_generation(self):
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.db._get_generation())
+
+    def test__get_generation_info(self):
+        self.assertEqual((0, ''), self.db._get_generation_info())
+
+    def test_create_index(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key")
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ["key"])], self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_create_index_multiple_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key", "key2")
+        self.assertEqual([('test-idx', ["key", "key2"])],
+                         self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test__get_index_definition(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test-idx', "key", "key2")
+        # TODO: How would you test that an index is getting used for an SQL
+        #       request?
+        self.assertEqual(["key", "key2"],
+                         self.db._get_index_definition('test-idx'))
+
+    def test_list_index_mixed(self):
+        # Make sure that we properly order the output
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        # We intentionally insert the data in weird ordering, to make sure the
+        # query still gets it back correctly.
+        c.executemany("INSERT INTO index_definitions VALUES (?, ?, ?)",
+                      [('idx-1', 0, 'key10'),
+                       ('idx-2', 2, 'key22'),
+                       ('idx-1', 1, 'key11'),
+                       ('idx-2', 0, 'key20'),
+                       ('idx-2', 1, 'key21')])
+        self.assertEqual([('idx-1', ['key10', 'key11']),
+                          ('idx-2', ['key20', 'key21', 'key22'])],
+                         self.db.list_indexes())
+
+    def test_no_indexes_no_document_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([], c.fetchall())
+
+    def test_create_extracts_fields(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "valx", "key2": "valy"}')
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([], c.fetchall())
+        self.db.create_index('test', 'key1', 'key2')
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(
+            [(doc1.doc_id, "key1", "val1"),
+             (doc1.doc_id, "key2", "val2"),
+             (doc2.doc_id, "key1", "valx"),
+             (doc2.doc_id, "key2", "valy"),
+            ]), sorted(c.fetchall()))
+
+    def test_put_updates_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test', 'key1', 'key2')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(
+            '{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        doc1.content = {"key1": "val1", "key2": "valy"}
+        self.db.put_doc(doc1)
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, "key1", "val1"),
+                          (doc1.doc_id, "key2", "valy"),
+                         ], c.fetchall())
+
+    def test_put_updates_nested_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_index('test', 'key', 'sub.doc')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, "key", "value"),
+                          (doc1.doc_id, "sub.doc", "underneath"),
+                         ], c.fetchall())
+
+    def test__ensure_schema_rollback(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/rollback.db'
+
+        class SQLitePartialExpandDbTesting(
+            sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase):
+
+            def _set_replica_uid_in_transaction(self, uid):
+                super(SQLitePartialExpandDbTesting,
+                    self)._set_replica_uid_in_transaction(uid)
+                if fail:
+                    raise Exception()
+
+        db = SQLitePartialExpandDbTesting.__new__(SQLitePartialExpandDbTesting)
+        db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(path)  # db is there but not yet init-ed
+        fail = True
+        self.assertRaises(Exception, db._ensure_schema)
+        fail = False
+        db._initialize(db._db_handle.cursor())
+
+    def test__open_database(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/test.sqlite'
+        sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(path)
+        db2 = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase._open_database(path)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
+
+    def test__open_database_with_factory(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/test.sqlite'
+        sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(path)
+        db2 = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase._open_database(
+            path, document_factory=TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertEqual(TestAlternativeDocument, db2._factory)
+
+    def test__open_database_non_existent(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                         sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase._open_database, path)
+
+    def test__open_database_during_init(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/initialised.db'
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase.__new__(
+                                    sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
+        db._db_handle = dbapi2.connect(path)  # db is there but not yet init-ed
+        self.addCleanup(db.close)
+        observed = []
+
+        class SQLiteDatabaseTesting(sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase):
+            WAIT_FOR_PARALLEL_INIT_HALF_INTERVAL = 0.1
+
+            @classmethod
+            def _which_index_storage(cls, c):
+                res = super(SQLiteDatabaseTesting, cls)._which_index_storage(c)
+                db._ensure_schema()  # init db
+                observed.append(res[0])
+                return res
+
+        db2 = SQLiteDatabaseTesting._open_database(path)
+        self.addCleanup(db2.close)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
+        self.assertEqual([None,
+              sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase._index_storage_value],
+                         observed)
+
+    def test__open_database_invalid(self):
+        class SQLiteDatabaseTesting(sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase):
+            WAIT_FOR_PARALLEL_INIT_HALF_INTERVAL = 0.1
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path1 = temp_dir + '/invalid1.db'
+        with open(path1, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write("")
+        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.OperationalError,
+                          SQLiteDatabaseTesting._open_database, path1)
+        with open(path1, 'wb') as f:
+            f.write("invalid")
+        self.assertRaises(dbapi2.DatabaseError,
+                          SQLiteDatabaseTesting._open_database, path1)
+
+    def test_open_database_existing(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
+        sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(path)
+        db2 = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database(path, create=False)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
+
+    def test_open_database_with_factory(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/existing.sqlite'
+        sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase(path)
+        db2 = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database(
+            path, create=False, document_factory=TestAlternativeDocument)
+        self.assertEqual(TestAlternativeDocument, db2._factory)
+
+    def test_open_database_create(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/new.sqlite'
+        sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database(path, create=True)
+        db2 = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database(path, create=False)
+        self.assertIsInstance(db2, sqlite_backend.SQLitePartialExpandDatabase)
+
+    def test_open_database_non_existent(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database, path,
+                          create=False)
+
+    def test_delete_database_existent(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/new.sqlite'
+        db = sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database(path, create=True)
+        db.close()
+        sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.delete_database(path)
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.open_database, path,
+                          create=False)
+
+    def test_delete_database_nonexistent(self):
+        temp_dir = self.createTempDir(prefix='u1db-test-')
+        path = temp_dir + '/non-existent.sqlite'
+        self.assertRaises(errors.DatabaseDoesNotExist,
+                          sqlite_backend.SQLiteDatabase.delete_database, path)
+
+    def test__get_indexed_fields(self):
+        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'a', 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(set(['a', 'b']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
+        self.db.create_index('idx2', 'b', 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(set(['a', 'b', 'c']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
+
+    def test_indexed_fields_expanded(self):
+        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'key1')
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        self.assertEqual(set(['key1']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, 'key1', 'val1')], c.fetchall())
+
+    def test_create_index_updates_fields(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"key1": "val1", "key2": "val2"}')
+        self.db.create_index('idx1', 'key1')
+        self.assertEqual(set(['key1']), self.db._get_indexed_fields())
+        c = self.db._get_sqlite_handle().cursor()
+        c.execute("SELECT doc_id, field_name, value FROM document_fields"
+                  " ORDER BY doc_id, field_name, value")
+        self.assertEqual([(doc1.doc_id, 'key1', 'val1')], c.fetchall())
+
+    def assertFormatQueryEquals(self, exp_statement, exp_args, definition,
+                                values):
+        statement, args = self.db._format_query(definition, values)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_statement, statement)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_args, args)
+
+    def test__format_query(self):
+        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
+            "SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM "
+            "document d, document_fields d0 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON "
+            "c.doc_id = d.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name "
+            "= ? AND d0.value = ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content "
+            "ORDER BY d0.value;", ["key1", "a"],
+            ["key1"], ["a"])
+
+    def test__format_query2(self):
+        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value = ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
+            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ["key1", "a", "key2", "b", "key3", "c"],
+            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"])
+
+    def test__format_query_wildcard(self):
+        self.assertFormatQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value = ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value GLOB ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? '
+            'AND d2.value NOT NULL GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content '
+            'ORDER BY d0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ["key1", "a", "key2", "b*", "key3"], ["key1", "key2", "key3"],
+            ["a", "b*", "*"])
+
+    def assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(self, exp_statement, exp_args, definition,
+                                     start_value, end_value):
+        statement, args = self.db._format_range_query(
+            definition, start_value, end_value)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_statement, statement)
+        self.assertEqual(exp_args, args)
+
+    def test__format_range_query(self):
+        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value <= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
+            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c', 'key1', 'p', 'key2', 'q',
+             'key3', 'r'],
+            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"], ["p", "q", "r"])
+
+    def test__format_range_query_no_start(self):
+        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value <= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
+            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c'],
+            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], None, ["a", "b", "c"])
+
+    def test__format_range_query_no_end(self):
+        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value >= ? GROUP BY d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY '
+            'd0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'c'],
+            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b", "c"], None)
+
+    def test__format_range_query_wildcard(self):
+        self.assertFormatRangeQueryEquals(
+            'SELECT d.doc_id, d.doc_rev, d.content, count(c.doc_rev) FROM '
+            'document d, document_fields d0, document_fields d1, '
+            'document_fields d2 LEFT OUTER JOIN conflicts c ON c.doc_id = '
+            'd.doc_id WHERE d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd0.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd1.value >= ? AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id AND d2.field_name = ? AND '
+            'd2.value NOT NULL AND d.doc_id = d0.doc_id AND d0.field_name = ? '
+            'AND d0.value <= ? AND d.doc_id = d1.doc_id AND d1.field_name = ? '
+            'AND (d1.value < ? OR d1.value GLOB ?) AND d.doc_id = d2.doc_id '
+            'AND d2.field_name = ? AND d2.value NOT NULL GROUP BY d.doc_id, '
+            'd.doc_rev, d.content ORDER BY d0.value, d1.value, d2.value;',
+            ['key1', 'a', 'key2', 'b', 'key3', 'key1', 'p', 'key2', 'q', 'q*',
+             'key3'],
+            ["key1", "key2", "key3"], ["a", "b*", "*"], ["p", "q*", "*"])
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sync.py b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sync.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..551826b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/tests/u1db_tests/test_sync.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1221 @@
+# Copyright 2011-2012 Canonical Ltd.
+#
+# This file is part of u1db.
+#
+# u1db is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 3
+# as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+#
+# u1db is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with u1db.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+"""The Synchronization class for U1DB."""
+
+import os
+from wsgiref import simple_server
+
+from u1db import (
+    errors,
+    sync,
+    vectorclock,
+    SyncTarget,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests import u1db_tests as tests
+
+from u1db.backends import (
+    inmemory,
+    )
+from u1db.remote import (
+    http_target,
+    )
+
+from leap.soledad.tests.u1db_tests.test_remote_sync_target import (
+    make_http_app,
+    make_oauth_http_app,
+    )
+
+simple_doc = tests.simple_doc
+nested_doc = tests.nested_doc
+
+
+def _make_local_db_and_target(test):
+    db = test.create_database('test')
+    st = db.get_sync_target()
+    return db, st
+
+
+def _make_local_db_and_http_target(test, path='test'):
+    test.startServer()
+    db = test.request_state._create_database(os.path.basename(path))
+    st = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget.connect(test.getURL(path))
+    return db, st
+
+
+def _make_local_db_and_oauth_http_target(test):
+    db, st = _make_local_db_and_http_target(test, '~/test')
+    st.set_oauth_credentials(tests.consumer1.key, tests.consumer1.secret,
+                             tests.token1.key, tests.token1.secret)
+    return db, st
+
+
+target_scenarios = [
+    ('local', {'create_db_and_target': _make_local_db_and_target}),
+    ('http', {'create_db_and_target': _make_local_db_and_http_target,
+              'make_app_with_state': make_http_app}),
+    ('oauth_http', {'create_db_and_target':
+                    _make_local_db_and_oauth_http_target,
+                    'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app}),
+    ]
+
+
+class DatabaseSyncTargetTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests,
+                              tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = (tests.multiply_scenarios(tests.DatabaseBaseTests.scenarios,
+                                          target_scenarios))
+                 #+ c_db_scenarios)
+    # whitebox true means self.db is the actual local db object
+    # against which the sync is performed
+    whitebox = True
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(DatabaseSyncTargetTests, self).setUp()
+        self.db, self.st = self.create_db_and_target(self)
+        self.other_changes = []
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        # We delete them explicitly, so that connections are cleanly closed
+        del self.st
+        self.db.close()
+        del self.db
+        super(DatabaseSyncTargetTests, self).tearDown()
+
+    def receive_doc(self, doc, gen, trans_id):
+        self.other_changes.append(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json(), gen, trans_id))
+
+    def set_trace_hook(self, callback, shallow=False):
+        setter = (self.st._set_trace_hook if not shallow else
+                  self.st._set_trace_hook_shallow)
+        try:
+            setter(callback)
+        except NotImplementedError:
+            self.skipTest("%s does not implement _set_trace_hook"
+                          % (self.st.__class__.__name__,))
+
+    def test_get_sync_target(self):
+        self.assertIsNot(None, self.st)
+
+    def test_get_sync_info(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('test', 0, '', 0, ''), self.st.get_sync_info('other'))
+
+    def test_create_doc_updates_sync_info(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('test', 0, '', 0, ''), self.st.get_sync_info('other'))
+        self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.st.get_sync_info('other')[1])
+
+    def test_record_sync_info(self):
+        self.st.record_sync_info('replica', 10, 'T-transid')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ('test', 0, '', 10, 'T-transid'), self.st.get_sync_info('replica'))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange(self):
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document('doc-id', 'replica:1', simple_doc), 10,
+             'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, trans_id = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'doc-id', 'replica:1', simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertTransactionLog(['doc-id'], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 1, last_trans_id),
+                         (self.other_changes, new_gen, last_trans_id))
+        self.assertEqual(10, self.st.get_sync_info('replica')[3])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_deleted(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json('{}')
+        edit_rev = 'replica:1|' + doc.rev
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, edit_rev, None), 10, 'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, trans_id = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db, doc.doc_id, edit_rev, None, False)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 2, last_trans_id),
+                         (self.other_changes, new_gen, trans_id))
+        self.assertEqual(10, self.st.get_sync_info('replica')[3])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_push_many(self):
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document('doc-id', 'replica:1', simple_doc), 10, 'T-1'),
+            (self.make_document('doc-id2', 'replica:1', nested_doc), 11,
+             'T-2')]
+        new_gen, trans_id = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'doc-id', 'replica:1', simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, 'doc-id2', 'replica:1', nested_doc, False)
+        self.assertTransactionLog(['doc-id', 'doc-id2'], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 2, last_trans_id),
+                         (self.other_changes, new_gen, trans_id))
+        self.assertEqual(11, self.st.get_sync_info('replica')[3])
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_refuses_conflicts(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'replica:1', new_doc), 10,
+             'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, 1), self.other_changes[0][:-1])
+        self.assertEqual(1, new_gen)
+        if self.whitebox:
+            self.assertEqual(self.db._last_exchange_log['return'],
+                             {'last_gen': 1, 'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)]})
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_ignores_convergence(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        gen, txid = self.db._get_generation_info()
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc), 10, 'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'replica', last_known_generation=gen,
+            last_known_trans_id=txid, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 1), (self.other_changes, new_gen))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_returns_new_docs(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            [], 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, 1), self.other_changes[0][:-1])
+        self.assertEqual(1, new_gen)
+        if self.whitebox:
+            self.assertEqual(self.db._last_exchange_log['return'],
+                             {'last_gen': 1, 'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)]})
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_returns_deleted_docs(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db.delete_doc(doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            [], 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (doc.doc_id, doc.rev, None, 2), self.other_changes[0][:-1])
+        self.assertEqual(2, new_gen)
+        if self.whitebox:
+            self.assertEqual(self.db._last_exchange_log['return'],
+                             {'last_gen': 2, 'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)]})
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_returns_many_new_docs(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(nested_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc2.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            [], 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc2.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(2, new_gen)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, 1),
+             (doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, nested_doc, 2)],
+            [c[:-1] for c in self.other_changes])
+        if self.whitebox:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                self.db._last_exchange_log['return'],
+                {'last_gen': 2, 'docs':
+                 [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev), (doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev)]})
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_getting_newer_docs(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'test:1|z:2', new_doc), 10,
+             'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id, doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 2), (self.other_changes, new_gen))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_with_concurrent_updates_of_synced_doc(self):
+        expected = []
+
+        def before_whatschanged_cb(state):
+            if state != 'before whats_changed':
+                return
+            cont = '{"key": "cuncurrent"}'
+            conc_rev = self.db.put_doc(
+                self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'test:1|z:2', cont))
+            expected.append((doc.doc_id, conc_rev, cont, 3))
+
+        self.set_trace_hook(before_whatschanged_cb)
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'test:1|z:2', new_doc), 10,
+             'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(expected, [c[:-1] for c in self.other_changes])
+        self.assertEqual(3, new_gen)
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_with_concurrent_updates(self):
+
+        def after_whatschanged_cb(state):
+            if state != 'after whats_changed':
+                return
+            self.db.create_doc_from_json('{"new": "doc"}')
+
+        self.set_trace_hook(after_whatschanged_cb)
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, 'test:1|z:2', new_doc), 10,
+             'T-sid')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 2), (self.other_changes, new_gen))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_converged_handling(self):
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        docs_by_gen = [
+            (self.make_document('new', 'other:1', '{}'), 4, 'T-foo'),
+            (self.make_document(doc.doc_id, doc.rev, doc.get_json()), 5,
+             'T-bar')]
+        new_gen, _ = self.st.sync_exchange(
+            docs_by_gen, 'other-replica', last_known_generation=0,
+            last_known_trans_id=None, return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 2), (self.other_changes, new_gen))
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_detect_incomplete_exchange(self):
+        def before_get_docs_explode(state):
+            if state != 'before get_docs':
+                return
+            raise errors.U1DBError("fail")
+        self.set_trace_hook(before_get_docs_explode)
+        # suppress traceback printing in the wsgiref server
+        self.patch(simple_server.ServerHandler,
+                   'log_exception', lambda h, exc_info: None)
+        doc = self.db.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            (errors.U1DBError, errors.BrokenSyncStream),
+            self.st.sync_exchange, [], 'other-replica',
+            last_known_generation=0, last_known_trans_id=None,
+            return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+
+    def test_sync_exchange_doc_ids(self):
+        sync_exchange_doc_ids = getattr(self.st, 'sync_exchange_doc_ids', None)
+        if sync_exchange_doc_ids is None:
+            self.skipTest("sync_exchange_doc_ids not implemented")
+        db2 = self.create_database('test2')
+        doc = db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        new_gen, trans_id = sync_exchange_doc_ids(
+            db2, [(doc.doc_id, 10, 'T-sid')], 0, None,
+            return_doc_cb=self.receive_doc)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc.doc_id], self.db)
+        last_trans_id = self.getLastTransId(self.db)
+        self.assertEqual(([], 1, last_trans_id),
+                         (self.other_changes, new_gen, trans_id))
+        self.assertEqual(10, self.st.get_sync_info(db2._replica_uid)[3])
+
+    def test__set_trace_hook(self):
+        called = []
+
+        def cb(state):
+            called.append(state)
+
+        self.set_trace_hook(cb)
+        self.st.sync_exchange([], 'replica', 0, None, self.receive_doc)
+        self.st.record_sync_info('replica', 0, 'T-sid')
+        self.assertEqual(['before whats_changed',
+                          'after whats_changed',
+                          'before get_docs',
+                          'record_sync_info',
+                          ],
+                         called)
+
+    def test__set_trace_hook_shallow(self):
+        if (self.st._set_trace_hook_shallow == self.st._set_trace_hook
+            or self.st._set_trace_hook_shallow.im_func ==
+               SyncTarget._set_trace_hook_shallow.im_func):
+            # shallow same as full
+            expected = ['before whats_changed',
+                        'after whats_changed',
+                        'before get_docs',
+                        'record_sync_info',
+                        ]
+        else:
+            expected = ['sync_exchange', 'record_sync_info']
+
+        called = []
+
+        def cb(state):
+            called.append(state)
+
+        self.set_trace_hook(cb, shallow=True)
+        self.st.sync_exchange([], 'replica', 0, None, self.receive_doc)
+        self.st.record_sync_info('replica', 0, 'T-sid')
+        self.assertEqual(expected, called)
+
+
+def sync_via_synchronizer(test, db_source, db_target, trace_hook=None,
+                          trace_hook_shallow=None):
+    target = db_target.get_sync_target()
+    trace_hook = trace_hook or trace_hook_shallow
+    if trace_hook:
+        target._set_trace_hook(trace_hook)
+    return sync.Synchronizer(db_source, target).sync()
+
+
+sync_scenarios = []
+for name, scenario in tests.LOCAL_DATABASES_SCENARIOS:
+    scenario = dict(scenario)
+    scenario['do_sync'] = sync_via_synchronizer
+    sync_scenarios.append((name, scenario))
+    scenario = dict(scenario)
+
+
+def make_database_for_http_test(test, replica_uid):
+    if test.server is None:
+        test.startServer()
+    db = test.request_state._create_database(replica_uid)
+    try:
+        http_at = test._http_at
+    except AttributeError:
+        http_at = test._http_at = {}
+    http_at[db] = replica_uid
+    return db
+
+
+def copy_database_for_http_test(test, db):
+    # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES IS
+    # THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST THAT WE
+    # CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS RATHER THAN
+    # CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+    if test.server is None:
+        test.startServer()
+    new_db = test.request_state._copy_database(db)
+    try:
+        http_at = test._http_at
+    except AttributeError:
+        http_at = test._http_at = {}
+    path = db._replica_uid
+    while path in http_at.values():
+        path += 'copy'
+    http_at[new_db] = path
+    return new_db
+
+
+def sync_via_synchronizer_and_http(test, db_source, db_target,
+                                   trace_hook=None, trace_hook_shallow=None):
+    if trace_hook:
+        test.skipTest("full trace hook unsupported over http")
+    path = test._http_at[db_target]
+    target = http_target.HTTPSyncTarget.connect(test.getURL(path))
+    if trace_hook_shallow:
+        target._set_trace_hook_shallow(trace_hook_shallow)
+    return sync.Synchronizer(db_source, target).sync()
+
+
+sync_scenarios.append(('pyhttp', {
+    'make_database_for_test': make_database_for_http_test,
+    'copy_database_for_test': copy_database_for_http_test,
+    'make_document_for_test': tests.make_document_for_test,
+    'make_app_with_state': make_http_app,
+    'do_sync': sync_via_synchronizer_and_http
+    }))
+
+
+class DatabaseSyncTests(tests.DatabaseBaseTests,
+                        tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+
+    scenarios = sync_scenarios
+    do_sync = None                 # set by scenarios
+
+    def create_database(self, replica_uid, sync_role=None):
+        if replica_uid == 'test' and sync_role is None:
+            # created up the chain by base class but unused
+            return None
+        db = self.create_database_for_role(replica_uid, sync_role)
+        if sync_role:
+            self._use_tracking[db] = (replica_uid, sync_role)
+        return db
+
+    def create_database_for_role(self, replica_uid, sync_role):
+        # hook point for reuse
+        return  super(DatabaseSyncTests, self).create_database(replica_uid)
+
+    def copy_database(self, db, sync_role=None):
+        # DO NOT COPY OR REUSE THIS CODE OUTSIDE TESTS: COPYING U1DB DATABASES
+        # IS THE WRONG THING TO DO, THE ONLY REASON WE DO SO HERE IS TO TEST
+        # THAT WE CORRECTLY DETECT IT HAPPENING SO THAT WE CAN RAISE ERRORS
+        # RATHER THAN CORRUPT USER DATA. USE SYNC INSTEAD, OR WE WILL SEND
+        # NINJA TO YOUR HOUSE.
+        db_copy = super(DatabaseSyncTests, self).copy_database(db)
+        name, orig_sync_role = self._use_tracking[db]
+        self._use_tracking[db_copy] = (name + '(copy)', sync_role
+                                       or orig_sync_role)
+        return db_copy
+
+    def sync(self, db_from, db_to, trace_hook=None,
+             trace_hook_shallow=None):
+        from_name, from_sync_role = self._use_tracking[db_from]
+        to_name, to_sync_role = self._use_tracking[db_to]
+        if from_sync_role not in ('source', 'both'):
+            raise Exception("%s marked for %s use but used as source" %
+                            (from_name, from_sync_role))
+        if to_sync_role not in ('target', 'both'):
+            raise Exception("%s marked for %s use but used as target" %
+                            (to_name, to_sync_role))
+        return self.do_sync(self, db_from, db_to, trace_hook,
+                            trace_hook_shallow)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self._use_tracking = {}
+        super(DatabaseSyncTests, self).setUp()
+
+    def assertLastExchangeLog(self, db, expected):
+        log = getattr(db, '_last_exchange_log', None)
+        if log is None:
+            return
+        self.assertEqual(expected, log)
+
+    def test_sync_tracks_db_generation_of_other(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (0, ''), self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test2'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (0, ''), self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test1'))
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [], 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [], 'last_gen': 0}})
+
+    def test_sync_autoresolves(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='doc')
+        rev1 = doc1.rev
+        doc2 = self.db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='doc')
+        rev2 = doc2.rev
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, self.db2.get_doc('doc').rev)
+        v = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(v.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev1)))
+        self.assertTrue(v.is_newer(vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev2)))
+
+    def test_sync_autoresolves_moar(self):
+        # here we test that when a database that has a conflicted document is
+        # the source of a sync, and the target database has a revision of the
+        # conflicted document that is newer than the source database's, and
+        # that target's database's document's content is the same as the
+        # source's document's conflict's, the source's document's conflict gets
+        # autoresolved, and the source's document's revision bumped.
+        #
+        # idea is as follows:
+        # A          B
+        # a1         -
+        #   `------->
+        # a1         a1
+        # v          v
+        # a2         a1b1
+        #   `------->
+        # a1b1+a2    a1b1
+        #            v
+        # a1b1+a2    a1b2 (a1b2 has same content as a2)
+        #   `------->
+        # a3b2       a1b2 (autoresolved)
+        #   `------->
+        # a3b2       a3b2
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='doc')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        for db, content in [(self.db1, '{}'), (self.db2, '{"hi": 42}')]:
+            doc = db.get_doc('doc')
+            doc.set_json(content)
+            db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        # db1 and db2 now both have a doc of {hi:42}, but db1 has a conflict
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        rev1 = doc.rev
+        self.assertTrue(doc.has_conflicts)
+        # set db2 to have a doc of {} (same as db1 before the conflict)
+        doc = self.db2.get_doc('doc')
+        doc.set_json('{}')
+        self.db2.put_doc(doc)
+        rev2 = doc.rev
+        # sync it across
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        # tadaa!
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        vec1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev1)
+        vec2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev2)
+        vec3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(vec3.is_newer(vec1))
+        self.assertTrue(vec3.is_newer(vec2))
+        # because the conflict is on the source, sync it another time
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        # make sure db2 now has the exact same thing
+        self.assertEqual(self.db1.get_doc('doc'), self.db2.get_doc('doc'))
+
+    def test_sync_autoresolves_moar_backwards(self):
+        # here we test that when a database that has a conflicted document is
+        # the target of a sync, and the source database has a revision of the
+        # conflicted document that is newer than the target database's, and
+        # that source's database's document's content is the same as the
+        # target's document's conflict's, the target's document's conflict gets
+        # autoresolved, and the document's revision bumped.
+        #
+        # idea is as follows:
+        # A          B
+        # a1         -
+        #   `------->
+        # a1         a1
+        # v          v
+        # a2         a1b1
+        #   `------->
+        # a1b1+a2    a1b1
+        #            v
+        # a1b1+a2    a1b2 (a1b2 has same content as a2)
+        #   <-------'
+        # a3b2       a3b2 (autoresolved and propagated)
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'both')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='doc')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        for db, content in [(self.db1, '{}'), (self.db2, '{"hi": 42}')]:
+            doc = db.get_doc('doc')
+            doc.set_json(content)
+            db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        # db1 and db2 now both have a doc of {hi:42}, but db1 has a conflict
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        rev1 = doc.rev
+        self.assertTrue(doc.has_conflicts)
+        revc = self.db1.get_doc_conflicts('doc')[-1].rev
+        # set db2 to have a doc of {} (same as db1 before the conflict)
+        doc = self.db2.get_doc('doc')
+        doc.set_json('{}')
+        self.db2.put_doc(doc)
+        rev2 = doc.rev
+        # sync it across
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db1)
+        # tadaa!
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        vec1 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev1)
+        vec2 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(rev2)
+        vec3 = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(doc.rev)
+        vecc = vectorclock.VectorClockRev(revc)
+        self.assertTrue(vec3.is_newer(vec1))
+        self.assertTrue(vec3.is_newer(vec2))
+        self.assertTrue(vec3.is_newer(vecc))
+        # make sure db2 now has the exact same thing
+        self.assertEqual(self.db1.get_doc('doc'), self.db2.get_doc('doc'))
+
+    def test_sync_autoresolves_moar_backwards_three(self):
+        # same as autoresolves_moar_backwards, but with three databases (note
+        # all the syncs go in the same direction -- this is a more natural
+        # scenario):
+        #
+        # A          B          C
+        # a1         -          -
+        #   `------->
+        # a1         a1         -
+        #              `------->
+        # a1         a1         a1
+        # v          v
+        # a2         a1b1       a1
+        #  `------------------->
+        # a2         a1b1       a2
+        #              `------->
+        #            a2+a1b1    a2
+        #                       v
+        # a2         a2+a1b1    a2c1 (same as a1b1)
+        #  `------------------->
+        # a2c1       a2+a1b1    a2c1
+        #   `------->
+        # a2b2c1     a2b2c1     a2c1
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        self.db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc, doc_id='doc')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db3)
+        for db, content in [(self.db2, '{"hi": 42}'),
+                            (self.db1, '{}'),
+                            ]:
+            doc = db.get_doc('doc')
+            doc.set_json(content)
+            db.put_doc(doc)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db3)
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db3)
+        # db2 and db3 now both have a doc of {}, but db2 has a
+        # conflict
+        doc = self.db2.get_doc('doc')
+        self.assertTrue(doc.has_conflicts)
+        revc = self.db2.get_doc_conflicts('doc')[-1].rev
+        self.assertEqual('{}', doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(self.db3.get_doc('doc').get_json(), doc.get_json())
+        self.assertEqual(self.db3.get_doc('doc').rev, doc.rev)
+        # set db3 to have a doc of {hi:42} (same as db2 before the conflict)
+        doc = self.db3.get_doc('doc')
+        doc.set_json('{"hi": 42}')
+        self.db3.put_doc(doc)
+        rev3 = doc.rev
+        # sync it across to db1
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db3)
+        # db1 now has hi:42, with a rev that is newer than db2's doc
+        doc = self.db1.get_doc('doc')
+        rev1 = doc.rev
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual('{"hi": 42}', doc.get_json())
+        VCR = vectorclock.VectorClockRev
+        self.assertTrue(VCR(rev1).is_newer(VCR(self.db2.get_doc('doc').rev)))
+        # so sync it to db2
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        # tadaa!
+        doc = self.db2.get_doc('doc')
+        self.assertFalse(doc.has_conflicts)
+        # db2's revision of the document is strictly newer than db1's before
+        # the sync, and db3's before that sync way back when
+        self.assertTrue(VCR(doc.rev).is_newer(VCR(rev1)))
+        self.assertTrue(VCR(doc.rev).is_newer(VCR(rev3)))
+        self.assertTrue(VCR(doc.rev).is_newer(VCR(revc)))
+        # make sure both dbs now have the exact same thing
+        self.assertEqual(self.db1.get_doc('doc'), self.db2.get_doc('doc'))
+
+    def test_sync_puts_changes(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2))
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db2, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test2')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test1')[0])
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test1',
+                         'source_gen': 1, 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [], 'last_gen': 1}})
+
+    def test_sync_pulls_changes(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc = self.db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db1.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2))
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db1, doc.doc_id, doc.rev, simple_doc, False)
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test2')[0])
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test1')[0])
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [], 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)],
+                        'last_gen': 1}})
+        self.assertEqual([doc], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_sync_pulling_doesnt_update_other_if_changed(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc = self.db2.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        # After the local side has sent its list of docs, before we start
+        # receiving the "targets" response, we update the local database with a
+        # new record.
+        # When we finish synchronizing, we can notice that something locally
+        # was updated, and we cannot tell c2 our new updated generation
+
+        def before_get_docs(state):
+            if state != 'before get_docs':
+                return
+            self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2,
+                                      trace_hook=before_get_docs))
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [], 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)],
+                        'last_gen': 1}})
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test2')[0])
+        # c2 should not have gotten a '_record_sync_info' call, because the
+        # local database had been updated more than just by the messages
+        # returned from c2.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            (0, ''), self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test1'))
+
+    def test_sync_doesnt_update_other_if_nothing_pulled(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+
+        def no_record_sync_info(state):
+            if state != 'record_sync_info':
+                return
+            self.fail('SyncTarget.record_sync_info was called')
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2,
+                                      trace_hook_shallow=no_record_sync_info))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            1,
+            self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self.db1._replica_uid)[0])
+
+    def test_sync_ignores_convergence(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        doc = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        self.db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'target')
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.sync(self.db1, self.db3))
+        self.assertEqual(0, self.sync(self.db2, self.db3))
+        self.assertEqual(1, self.sync(self.db1, self.db2))
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc.rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test1',
+                         'source_gen': 1, 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [], 'last_gen': 1}})
+
+    def test_sync_ignores_superseded(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'both')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        doc = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_rev1 = doc.rev
+        self.db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'target')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db3)
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db3)
+        new_content = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc.set_json(new_content)
+        self.db1.put_doc(doc)
+        doc_rev2 = doc.rev
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db1)
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db1,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc_rev1)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test2',
+                         'source_gen': 1, 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [(doc.doc_id, doc_rev2)],
+                        'last_gen': 2}})
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db1, doc.doc_id, doc_rev2, new_content, False)
+
+    def test_sync_sees_remote_conflicted(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_id = doc1.doc_id
+        doc1_rev = doc1.rev
+        self.db1.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc2 = self.db2.create_doc_from_json(new_doc, doc_id=doc_id)
+        doc2_rev = doc2.rev
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc1.doc_id], self.db1)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc_id, doc1_rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test1',
+                         'source_gen': 1, 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [(doc_id, doc2_rev)],
+                        'last_gen': 1}})
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc_id, doc_id], self.db1)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db1, doc_id, doc2_rev, new_doc, True)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db2, doc_id, doc2_rev, new_doc, False)
+        from_idx = self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval')[0]
+        self.assertEqual(doc2.doc_id, from_idx.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc2.rev, from_idx.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(from_idx.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_sync_sees_remote_delete_conflicted(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_id = doc1.doc_id
+        self.db1.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        doc2 = self.make_document(doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, doc1.get_json())
+        new_doc = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc1.set_json(new_doc)
+        self.db1.put_doc(doc1)
+        self.db2.delete_doc(doc2)
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc_id, doc_id], self.db1)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc_id, doc1.rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test1',
+                         'source_gen': 2, 'last_known_gen': 1},
+             'return': {'docs': [(doc_id, doc2.rev)],
+                        'last_gen': 2}})
+        self.assertTransactionLog([doc_id, doc_id, doc_id], self.db1)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(self.db1, doc_id, doc2.rev, None, True)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db2, doc_id, doc2.rev, None, False)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+
+    def test_sync_local_race_conflicted(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        doc = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_id = doc.doc_id
+        doc1_rev = doc.rev
+        self.db1.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        content1 = '{"key": "localval"}'
+        content2 = '{"key": "altval"}'
+        doc.set_json(content2)
+        self.db2.put_doc(doc)
+        doc2_rev2 = doc.rev
+        triggered = []
+
+        def after_whatschanged(state):
+            if state != 'after whats_changed':
+                return
+            triggered.append(True)
+            doc = self.make_document(doc_id, doc1_rev, content1)
+            self.db1.put_doc(doc)
+
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2, trace_hook=after_whatschanged)
+        self.assertEqual([True], triggered)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db1, doc_id, doc2_rev2, content2, True)
+        from_idx = self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'altval')[0]
+        self.assertEqual(doc.doc_id, from_idx.doc_id)
+        self.assertEqual(doc.rev, from_idx.rev)
+        self.assertTrue(from_idx.has_conflicts)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'localval'))
+
+    def test_sync_propagates_deletes(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json(simple_doc)
+        doc_id = doc1.doc_id
+        self.db1.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.db2.create_index('test-idx', 'key')
+        self.db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'target')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db3)
+        self.db1.delete_doc(doc1)
+        deleted_rev = doc1.rev
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db2,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc_id, deleted_rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test1',
+                         'source_gen': 2, 'last_known_gen': 1},
+             'return': {'docs': [], 'last_gen': 2}})
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db1, doc_id, deleted_rev, None, False)
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db2, doc_id, deleted_rev, None, False)
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db1.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+        self.assertEqual([], self.db2.get_from_index('test-idx', 'value'))
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db3)
+        self.assertLastExchangeLog(self.db3,
+            {'receive': {'docs': [(doc_id, deleted_rev)],
+                         'source_uid': 'test2',
+                         'source_gen': 2, 'last_known_gen': 0},
+             'return': {'docs': [], 'last_gen': 2}})
+        self.assertGetDocIncludeDeleted(
+            self.db3, doc_id, deleted_rev, None, False)
+
+    def test_sync_propagates_resolution(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'both')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'both')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json('{"a": 1}', doc_id='the-doc')
+        db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'both')
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db1._get_generation_info(),
+            self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self.db1._replica_uid))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db2._get_generation_info(),
+            self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self.db2._replica_uid))
+        self.sync(db3, self.db1)
+        # update on 2
+        doc2 = self.make_document('the-doc', doc1.rev, '{"a": 2}')
+        self.db2.put_doc(doc2)
+        self.sync(self.db2, db3)
+        self.assertEqual(db3.get_doc('the-doc').rev, doc2.rev)
+        # update on 1
+        doc1.set_json('{"a": 3}')
+        self.db1.put_doc(doc1)
+        # conflicts
+        self.sync(self.db2, self.db1)
+        self.sync(db3, self.db1)
+        self.assertTrue(self.db2.get_doc('the-doc').has_conflicts)
+        self.assertTrue(db3.get_doc('the-doc').has_conflicts)
+        # resolve
+        conflicts = self.db2.get_doc_conflicts('the-doc')
+        doc4 = self.make_document('the-doc', None, '{"a": 4}')
+        revs = [doc.rev for doc in conflicts]
+        self.db2.resolve_doc(doc4, revs)
+        doc2 = self.db2.get_doc('the-doc')
+        self.assertEqual(doc4.get_json(), doc2.get_json())
+        self.assertFalse(doc2.has_conflicts)
+        self.sync(self.db2, db3)
+        doc3 = db3.get_doc('the-doc')
+        self.assertEqual(doc4.get_json(), doc3.get_json())
+        self.assertFalse(doc3.has_conflicts)
+
+    def test_sync_supersedes_conflicts(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'both')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        db3 = self.create_database('test3', 'both')
+        doc1 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json('{"a": 1}', doc_id='the-doc')
+        self.db2.create_doc_from_json('{"b": 1}', doc_id='the-doc')
+        db3.create_doc_from_json('{"c": 1}', doc_id='the-doc')
+        self.sync(db3, self.db1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db1._get_generation_info(),
+            db3._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self.db1._replica_uid))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            db3._get_generation_info(),
+            self.db1._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(db3._replica_uid))
+        self.sync(db3, self.db2)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            self.db2._get_generation_info(),
+            db3._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self.db2._replica_uid))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            db3._get_generation_info(),
+            self.db2._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(db3._replica_uid))
+        self.assertEqual(3, len(db3.get_doc_conflicts('the-doc')))
+        doc1.set_json('{"a": 2}')
+        self.db1.put_doc(doc1)
+        self.sync(db3, self.db1)
+        # original doc1 should have been removed from conflicts
+        self.assertEqual(3, len(db3.get_doc_conflicts('the-doc')))
+
+    def test_sync_stops_after_get_sync_info(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+
+        def put_hook(state):
+            self.fail("Tracehook triggered for %s" % (state,))
+
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2, trace_hook_shallow=put_hook)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_rollback_in_source(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc1')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db1_copy = self.copy_database(self.db1)
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration, self.sync, db1_copy, self.db2)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_rollback_in_target(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db2_copy = self.copy_database(self.db2)
+        self.db2.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidGeneration, self.sync, self.db1, db2_copy)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_diverged_source(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        db3 = self.copy_database(self.db1)
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        db3.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId, self.sync, db3, self.db2)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_diverged_target(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        db3 = self.copy_database(self.db2)
+        db3.create_doc_from_json(tests.nested_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId, self.sync, self.db1, db3)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_rollback_and_divergence_in_source(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc1')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db1_copy = self.copy_database(self.db1)
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc3')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db1_copy.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        db1_copy.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc3')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId, self.sync, db1_copy, self.db2)
+
+    def test_sync_detects_rollback_and_divergence_in_target(self):
+        self.db1 = self.create_database('test1', 'source')
+        self.db2 = self.create_database('test2', 'target')
+        self.db1.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id="divergent")
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db2_copy = self.copy_database(self.db2)
+        self.db2.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        self.db2.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc3')
+        self.sync(self.db1, self.db2)
+        db2_copy.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc2')
+        db2_copy.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc, doc_id='doc3')
+        self.assertRaises(
+            errors.InvalidTransactionId, self.sync, self.db1, db2_copy)
+
+
+class TestDbSync(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+    """Test db.sync remote sync shortcut"""
+
+    scenarios = [
+        ('py-http', {
+            'make_app_with_state': make_http_app,
+            'make_database_for_test': tests.make_memory_database_for_test,
+            }),
+        ('py-oauth-http', {
+            'make_app_with_state': make_oauth_http_app,
+            'make_database_for_test': tests.make_memory_database_for_test,
+            'oauth': True
+            }),
+        ]
+
+    oauth = False
+
+    def do_sync(self, target_name):
+        if self.oauth:
+            path = '~/' + target_name
+            extra = dict(creds={'oauth': {
+                'consumer_key': tests.consumer1.key,
+                'consumer_secret': tests.consumer1.secret,
+                'token_key': tests.token1.key,
+                'token_secret': tests.token1.secret
+                }})
+        else:
+            path = target_name
+            extra = {}
+        target_url = self.getURL(path)
+        return self.db.sync(target_url, **extra)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestDbSync, self).setUp()
+        self.startServer()
+        self.db = self.make_database_for_test(self, 'test1')
+        self.db2 = self.request_state._create_database('test2.db')
+
+    def test_db_sync(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        doc2 = self.db2.create_doc_from_json(tests.nested_doc)
+        local_gen_before_sync = self.do_sync('test2.db')
+        gen, _, changes = self.db.whats_changed(local_gen_before_sync)
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(changes))
+        self.assertEqual(doc2.doc_id, changes[0][0])
+        self.assertEqual(1, gen - local_gen_before_sync)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db2, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, tests.simple_doc,
+                          False)
+        self.assertGetDoc(self.db, doc2.doc_id, doc2.rev, tests.nested_doc,
+                          False)
+
+    def test_db_sync_autocreate(self):
+        doc1 = self.db.create_doc_from_json(tests.simple_doc)
+        local_gen_before_sync = self.do_sync('test3.db')
+        gen, _, changes = self.db.whats_changed(local_gen_before_sync)
+        self.assertEqual(0, gen - local_gen_before_sync)
+        db3 = self.request_state.open_database('test3.db')
+        gen, _, changes = db3.whats_changed()
+        self.assertEqual(1, len(changes))
+        self.assertEqual(doc1.doc_id, changes[0][0])
+        self.assertGetDoc(db3, doc1.doc_id, doc1.rev, tests.simple_doc,
+                          False)
+        t_gen, _ = self.db._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test3.db')
+        s_gen, _ = db3._get_replica_gen_and_trans_id('test1')
+        self.assertEqual(1, t_gen)
+        self.assertEqual(1, s_gen)
+
+
+class TestRemoteSyncIntegration(tests.TestCaseWithServer):
+    """Integration tests for the most common sync scenario local -> remote"""
+
+    make_app_with_state = staticmethod(make_http_app)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super(TestRemoteSyncIntegration, self).setUp()
+        self.startServer()
+        self.db1 = inmemory.InMemoryDatabase('test1')
+        self.db2 = self.request_state._create_database('test2')
+
+    def test_sync_tracks_generations_incrementally(self):
+        doc11 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json('{"a": 1}')
+        doc12 = self.db1.create_doc_from_json('{"a": 2}')
+        doc21 = self.db2.create_doc_from_json('{"b": 1}')
+        doc22 = self.db2.create_doc_from_json('{"b": 2}')
+        #sanity
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.db1._get_transaction_log()))
+        self.assertEqual(2, len(self.db2._get_transaction_log()))
+        progress1 = []
+        progress2 = []
+        _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id = \
+            self.db1._do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id
+
+        def set_sync_generation_witness1(other_uid, other_gen, trans_id):
+            progress1.append((other_uid, other_gen,
+                [d for d, t in self.db1._get_transaction_log()[2:]]))
+            _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(other_uid, other_gen, trans_id)
+        self.patch(self.db1, '_do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id',
+                   set_sync_generation_witness1)
+        _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id2 = \
+            self.db2._do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id
+
+        def set_sync_generation_witness2(other_uid, other_gen, trans_id):
+            progress2.append((other_uid, other_gen,
+                [d for d, t in self.db2._get_transaction_log()[2:]]))
+            _do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id2(other_uid, other_gen, trans_id)
+        self.patch(self.db2, '_do_set_replica_gen_and_trans_id',
+                   set_sync_generation_witness2)
+
+        db2_url = self.getURL('test2')
+        self.db1.sync(db2_url)
+
+        self.assertEqual([('test2', 1, [doc21.doc_id]),
+                          ('test2', 2, [doc21.doc_id, doc22.doc_id]),
+                          ('test2', 4, [doc21.doc_id, doc22.doc_id])],
+                         progress1)
+        self.assertEqual([('test1', 1, [doc11.doc_id]),
+                          ('test1', 2, [doc11.doc_id, doc12.doc_id]),
+                          ('test1', 4, [doc11.doc_id, doc12.doc_id])],
+                         progress2)
+
+
+load_tests = tests.load_with_scenarios
diff --git a/src/leap/soledad/util.py b/src/leap/soledad/util.py
index 67d950a5..040c70ab 100644
--- a/src/leap/soledad/util.py
+++ b/src/leap/soledad/util.py
@@ -12,9 +12,7 @@ class GPGWrapper(gnupg.GPG):
     GNUPG_BINARY  = "/usr/bin/gpg" # this has to be changed based on OS
 
     def __init__(self, gpghome=GNUPG_HOME, gpgbinary=GNUPG_BINARY):
-        super(GPGWrapper, self).__init__(gpgbinary=gpgbinary,
-                                         gnupghome=gpghome, verbose=False,
-                                         use_agent=False, keyring=None, options=None)
+        super(GPGWrapper, self).__init__(gnupghome=gpghome, gpgbinary=gpgbinary)
 
     def find_key(self, email):
         """
@@ -28,21 +26,21 @@ class GPGWrapper(gnupg.GPG):
 
     def encrypt(self, data, recipient, sign=None, always_trust=True,
                 passphrase=None, symmetric=False):
-        # TODO: manage keys in a way we don't need to "always trust"
+        # TODO: devise a way so we don't need to "always trust".
         return super(GPGWrapper, self).encrypt(data, recipient, sign=sign,
                                                always_trust=always_trust,
                                                passphrase=passphrase,
                                                symmetric=symmetric)
 
     def decrypt(self, data, always_trust=True, passphrase=None):
-        # TODO: manage keys in a way we don't need to "always trust"
+        # TODO: devise a way so we don't need to "always trust".
         return super(GPGWrapper, self).decrypt(data,
                                                always_trust=always_trust,
                                                passphrase=passphrase)
 
     def send_keys(self, keyserver, *keyids):
         """
-        Send keys to a keyserver.
+        Send keys to a keyserver
         """
         result = self.result_map['list'](self)
         logger.debug('send_keys: %r', keyids)
@@ -54,133 +52,3 @@ class GPGWrapper(gnupg.GPG):
         data.close()
         return result
 
-
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# u1db Transaction and Sync logs.
-#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class SimpleLog(object):
-    def __init__(self):
-        self._log = []
-
-    def _set_log(self, log):
-        self._log = log
-
-    def _get_log(self):
-        return self._log
-
-    log = property(
-        _get_log, _set_log, doc="Log contents.")
-
-    def append(self, msg):
-        self._log.append(msg)
-
-    def reduce(self, func, initializer=None):
-        return reduce(func, self.log, initializer)
-
-    def map(self, func):
-        return map(func, self.log)
-
-    def filter(self, func):
-        return filter(func, self.log)
-
-
-class TransactionLog(SimpleLog):
-    """
-    An ordered list of (generation, doc_id, transaction_id) tuples.
-    """
-
-    def _set_log(self, log):
-        self._log = log
-
-    def _get_log(self):
-        return sorted(self._log, reverse=True)
-
-    log = property(
-        _get_log, _set_log, doc="Log contents.")
-
-    def get_generation(self):
-        """
-        Return the current generation.
-        """
-        gens = self.map(lambda x: x[0])
-        if not gens:
-            return 0
-        return max(gens)
-
-    def get_generation_info(self):
-        """
-        Return the current generation and transaction id.
-        """
-        if not self._log:
-            return(0, '')
-        info = self.map(lambda x: (x[0], x[2]))
-        return reduce(lambda x, y: x if (x[0] > y[0]) else y, info)
-
-    def get_trans_id_for_gen(self, gen):
-        """
-        Get the transaction id corresponding to a particular generation.
-        """
-        log = self.reduce(lambda x, y: y if y[0] == gen else x)
-        if log is None:
-            return None
-        return log[2]
-
-    def whats_changed(self, old_generation):
-        """
-        Return a list of documents that have changed since old_generation.
-        """
-        results = self.filter(lambda x: x[0] > old_generation)
-        seen = set()
-        changes = []
-        newest_trans_id = ''
-        for generation, doc_id, trans_id in results:
-            if doc_id not in seen:
-                changes.append((doc_id, generation, trans_id))
-                seen.add(doc_id)
-        if changes:
-            cur_gen = changes[0][1]  # max generation
-            newest_trans_id = changes[0][2]
-            changes.reverse()
-        else:
-            results = self.log
-            if not results:
-                cur_gen = 0
-                newest_trans_id = ''
-            else:
-                cur_gen, _, newest_trans_id = results[0]
-
-        return cur_gen, newest_trans_id, changes
-        
-
-
-class SyncLog(SimpleLog):
-    """
-    A list of (replica_id, generation, transaction_id) tuples.
-    """
-
-    def find_by_replica_uid(self, replica_uid):
-        if not self.log:
-            return ()
-        return self.reduce(lambda x, y: y if y[0] == replica_uid else x)
-
-    def get_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid):
-        """
-        Return the last known generation and transaction id for the other db
-        replica.
-        """
-        info = self.find_by_replica_uid(other_replica_uid)
-        if not info:
-            return (0, '')
-        return (info[1], info[2])
-
-    def set_replica_gen_and_trans_id(self, other_replica_uid,
-                                      other_generation, other_transaction_id):
-        """
-        Set the last-known generation and transaction id for the other
-        database replica.
-        """
-        self.log = self.filter(lambda x: x[0] != other_replica_uid)
-        self.append((other_replica_uid, other_generation,
-                     other_transaction_id))
-